Saltukids

The first known Saltukid is Ali, who was ruler of Erzurum in 1103. His son and successor was Saltuk, who succeeded him sometime after 1123. Saltuk had a female relative, a daughter or sister, who married Shah-i- Armind of Akhlat, Sukman II.[2]

Kervansarai of Mama Hatun, Tercan

In 1132, Ali's son Izz al-Din Saltuk became malik.[3] Izz al-Din was defeated captured in 1154 by Georgians, led by Dimitri I.[3] He would be ransomed by Sökmen of the Artuqids, who later married a daughter of Izz al-Din.[3] In 1161, Izz al-Din along with other Turkish allies besieged the Georgians at Ani, but was defeated.[3] He sent a daughter to marry Kilij Arslan II, but she was captured by the Danishmendid Yağıbasan and married off to his nephew.[3]

The Saltukid dynasty is also notable for having a woman, Melike Mama Hatun, sister of Nasiruddin Muhammed, directly administering its realm for an estimated nine years, between 1191 and 1200. She was later dethroned by the Beys and replaced by her son Malik-Shah once she had started searching for a husband among the Mamluk nobility. Mama Hatun built an impressive caravanserai in the town of Tercan, where her mausoleum also stands. Tercan itself used to be called "Mamahatun", and is sometimes still called as such locally.

The name of the ruling dynasty of the beylik should not be confused with that of Sarı Saltuk, a Turkish mystic and saint; who is of later date, more associated with western Anatolia and the Balkans (especially Dobruja), and to whom the epic Saltuknâme is dedicated. The last ruler of the Saltukids, Alaeddin Muhammed, was dethroned and imprisoned by the Sultan of Rum Süleymanshah II during Süleymanshah's Georgian rout in 1202, and the Saltukid beylik was subsequently annexed by the Sultanate of Rum.[1]

The beys of Saltuk left important works of architecture such as the Tepsi Minare in Erzurum and the caravanserai in Mama Hatun.[3]

• Saltuk I (1071–1102)
• Ali (1102–1124)
• Muzaffer Gazi (1124–1132)
• Izzeddin Saltuk II (1132–1168)
• Nasiruddin Muhammed (1168–1191)
• Melike Mama Hatun (1191–1200)
• Alaeddin Muhammed (1200–1202)

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• Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7.
• Mustafa Güler, İlknur Aktuğ Kolay. "12. yüzyıl Anadolu Türk Camileri" [12th century Turkish mosques in Anatolia] (PDF) (in Turkish). Istanbul Technical University Magazine (İtüdergi). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-04.
• (Book cover) Oktay Aslanapa (1991). Anadolu'da ilk Türk mimarisi: Başlangıcı ve gelişmesi [Early Turkish architecture in Anatolia: Beginnings and development] (in Turkish). AKM Publications, Ankara. ISBN 975-16-0264-5.
• Cahen, Claude (1968). Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A General Survey of the Material and Spiritual Culture and History C. 1071-1330. Sidgwick and Jackson.
• Leiser, G. (1995). "Saltuk Oghullari". In Bosworth, C.E.; Van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. VIII:Ned-Sam. E.J. Brill.