Samarinda

The name Samarinda originates from the description of the way in which the Bugis houses were constructed. At that time houses were customarily built on a raft and generally had the same height. This provided important social symbolism of equality between residents; no person's house, and thus no person, was seen as higher or lower than another. They named the settlement “Samarenda”, meaning “equally low”. After hundreds of years of use the pronunciation of the name changed slightly and the city became known as Samarinda.[25]

At the start of the Gowa War, the Dutch under Admiral Speelman's command attacked Makassar from the sea. Meanwhile, the Netherlands' Bugis ally Arung Palakka led a ground attack. The Kingdom of Gowa was forced to surrender and Sultan Hasanuddin was made to sign the Treaty of Bongaja on 19 November 1667.[26]

The treaty did not quell all trouble for the Dutch however, since the Bugis from Gowa continued their struggle using guerilla tactics. Some Buginese moved to other islands close by such as Kalimantan. A few thousand people led by Lamohang Daeng Mangkona or Pua Ado I, moved to East Kalimantan, known then as Kutai, where they were welcomed by the local Sultan.

Samarinda was a small, sleepy town in 1942 with several small oil fields in the vicinity. It was occupied by the Japanese after the Dutch East Indies had fallen.[27]

In 1955, the Apostolic Vicariate of Samarinda was established in the city. In 1961, it was promoted as the Diocese of Samarinda. In 2003, the diocese was promoted as the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Samarinda.[26]

At the time of the 2010 Census, Samarinda City was divided into six districts (Indonesian: kecamatan), but four additional districts were subsequently created by splitting of existing ones. The ten districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[16] and the 2020 Census,[17] togethger with the official estimates as at mid 2022.[8]

Notes: (a) the 2010 populations of Samarinda Kota and Sambutan Districts are included in the 2010 figure for Samarinda Ilir District, from which they were later split off. (b) the 2010 population of Loa Janan Ilir District is included in the figure for Samarinda Seberang District, from which it was later split off. (c) the 2010 population of Sungai Pinang District is included in the figure for Samarinda Utara District, from which it was later split off.

Karang Asam panorama, viewed from Mahakam River

Panoramic view of Samarinda's skyline at day

Samarinda has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af) with heavy rainfall and hot, oppressively humid temperatures year-round. Hail is extremely rare, it was recorded on 21 November 2019.[28][29] The lowest recorded temperature in Samarinda is 18.0 °C (64.4 °F) in October 1982.[30]

The territory's population in 2020 was 827,994 (422,624 male and 405,370 female), with an annual growth rate of 1.128% in 2019–2020.[17] The majority of the people of Samarinda are of Native Indonesian and Chinese descent. There are also Americans, Canadians, Japanese and Koreans working in Samarinda. Life expectancy in Samarinda was 73.6 years as of 2014.

Religion

Samarinda Islamic Center Mosque, the largest mosque in Samarinda

Samarinda's main religions are Islam, Christianity and Buddhism. The Muslim community forms the majority of the population numbering around 91%. The Christian community of around 89,000 forms about 10.2% of the total population; Protestants form a larger number than Roman Catholics at a rate of 10:3. There are also Hindu communities.

Samarinda is East Kalimantan's largest container ports

Since 2004, trade has been the engine of Samarinda's economic growth.[32] It is also driven by the large amount of logging and oil extraction companies based there. Similar to Balikpapan, many national logging companies are based in Samarinda. There are many abandoned coal mines in Samarinda. Coal mining used to be very popular in Samarinda. However, the Indonesian government revoked many mining licenses due to the use of illegal chemicals and machinery.

Tourism sector also plays an important role in Samarinda's economy; it attracted over 2,000 international tourists and 1.2 million domestic tourists in 2019,[33] making Samarinda the 2nd most popular tourists destination in East Kalimantan.[34] In 2020, agriculture constituted only 2 per cent of GDP, and consists of growing flower varieties (rose, jasmine, orchid) and fruits (pomelo citrus fruit).[15] Due to all these economical activities in Samarinda, it is one of the richest cities in East Kalimantan.

Mahakam River day view, viewed from Islamic Centre Tower, a major tourist attraction that offers views of Mahakam River and its surroundings

Aerial view of Samarinda International Airport in 2018

Seberang Bus Terminus

The main transport infrastructure of Samarinda is different than every other cities in Kalimantan, characterised by less national government interference: Samarinda International Airport (East Kalimantan government),[35][36] SkyTrain rapid transit project (public-private partnership),[37][38] Sejuk Hill (Manggah Hill) Tunnel project (Samarinda Government)[39][40] and Port of Palaran (private).[41]

There are about 850,000 vehicles registered in Samarinda, the highest number of vehicles of any city in East Kalimantan.[42] Samarinda has 3 bus terminals: Sungai Kunjang Bus Terminus, Lempake Bus Terminus and Seberang Bus Terminus.[43]

Samarinda is connected by Trans-Kalimantan Highway Southern Route from Balikpapan to Samarinda; the highway runs in parallel with the first controlled-access expressway in Borneo, the Samarinda-Balikpapan Expressway, which is now under construction, and expected to be operational by the end of 2018.[44]

APT Pranoto (Samarinda Sungai Siring, AAP) International Airport is the primary airport for the city and has been at Sungai Siring since 2018. With over 1 million passengers annually, it is one of East Kalimantan's busiest airports in terms of passenger and cargo movements. AAP is an important Australian passenger gateway for East Kalimantan's wildlife. AAP was built to replace Temindung Airport in Bandara, Sungai Pinang.

The prominent coal loading port of Tanjung Bara (TBCT) lies about 160 kilometres to the north of Samarinda.[45]

• Abdoel Moeis Hassan
• Achmad Rizky
• Adi Nugroho (footballer),
• Venilia Agik
• Arkanata Akram
• Andre Sarwono
• Aspar Aswin
• Azrul Ananda
• Budi Hardian
• Eza Gionino
• Lerby Eliandry
• Ardit Erwandha
• Fadly
• Farid Wadjdy
• Selvanus Geh
• Rony Gunawan
• Gusti Abdul Muis
• Aji Mirza Hakim
• Harlinda Kuspradini
• Awang Ferdian Hidayat
• Inche Abdoel Moeis
• Rikha Indriaswari
• Intjik Abdul Muis
• James Arthur Kojongian
• Abdul Kahar Mim
• Denny Kantono
• Kemal Palevi
• Nurbeta Kwanrico
• Korrie Layun Rampan
• Lim Gunawan Hariyanto
• Muhammad Syarkawie Hassan
• Hadi Mulyadi
• Omar Barack
• Nia Paramitha
• Ferry Rachman
• Iqbal Rais
• Rusmadi Wongso
• Mirabeth Sonia
• Sultan Samma
• Joko Sidik
• Chelsie Monica Ignesias Sihite
• Johan Silas
• Syafruddin Pernyata
• Tatang Harlyansyah
• Yono Bakrie

• GovSamarinda Archived 15 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine Samarinda Government portal