Santa Fe Plaza

The Santa Fe Plaza (Spanish: Plaza de Santa Fe)[3] is a National Historic Landmark in downtown Santa Fe, New Mexico in the style of traditional Spanish-American colonial cities. The plaza, or city square is a gathering place for locals and also a tourist attraction. It is home to annual events including Fiestas de Santa Fe, the Spanish Market, the Santa Fe Bandstand, and the Santa Fe Indian Market.

For the shopping center in Mexico City, see Centro Santa Fe.

Santa Fe Plaza
Santa Fe Plaza in 2006, before the obelisk part of Soldiers' Monument was toppled in 2020
Santa Fe Plaza is located in New Mexico
Santa Fe Plaza
Santa Fe Plaza is located in the United States
Santa Fe Plaza
LocationSanta Fe Plaza, Santa Fe, New Mexico
Coordinates35°41′14.7474″N 105°56′18.6714″W
Area2 acres (0.81 ha)
Built1821 (1821)
Part ofSanta Fe Historic District (ID73001150[1])
NRHP reference No.66000491[1]
NMSRCP No.260
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966
Designated NHLDecember 19, 1960[2]
Designated CPJuly 23, 1973
Designated NMSRCPSeptember 29, 1972

Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the plaza consists of a central park lined with grass, trees, and benches. During Christmas time, the plaza is decorated with farolitos, luminarias, and trees lights. The park also includes a performing arts stage.

History

Encompassed in the general plaza area are historic monuments, restaurants, businesses and art galleries, including the Palace of the Governors (the oldest public building in the U.S.), the New Mexico Museum of Art, Cathedral Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi, and the Loretto Chapel. In true pueblo fashion, the Plaza architecture is traditional adobe. Just 16 miles (26 km) from the Santa Fe ski basin, the Plaza dates back to the early 17th century when Santa Fe was settled by conquistadors. Until the mid-19th century, the Plaza lacked landscaping, and ownership of the area transitioned between the Spaniards and the Mexicans throughout the earlier years.[4]

Pre-Columbian era

The area now known as Santa Fe had been inhabited by Tewa and other peoples, for which there is archaeological evidence as near to the Plaza as the Sena compound.[5]

Spanish era

All Spanish colonial towns with a regional governor's office (for Santa Fe de Nuevo México, that was the Palace of the Governors) were required by the civic planning section of the laws of the Indies to have a Plaza de Armas to marshal the palace guard in. The original Plaza was a presidio surrounded by a large defensive wall that enclosed residences, barracks, a chapel, a prison and the Governor's palace. Eventually the wall gave way to large houses built by high-ranking Spanish officers and officials. In the early days, it was found at the end of El Camino Real (the Spanish Royal Road from Mexico City).[6]

Mexican era
View of Santa Fe Plaza in the 1850s, painting by Gerald Cassidy, c. 1930

With Mexico's Independence from Spain, in 1821, the Santa Fe Trail, a trade route connecting New Mexico with Missouri, was opened with its western terminus at the Santa Fe Plaza. Overland wagon caravans used the plaza to camp and unload trade goods. The Old Pecos Trail also passed nearby before it was rerouted.[7]

U.S. territorial era

After the New Mexico Territory was established, a fence was built around the plaza to keep out animals. Trees were also planted and pathways were introduced. A bandstand was added at various locations over time, as was the Soldiers' Monument in the plaza center.[8]

U.S. statehood

After New Mexico was admitted as the 47th state in 1912, a historic preservation plan was established. The plaza is now marked by structures in the Pueblo, Spanish and Territorial styles that reflect its history. Among the most noted are the original palacio, the Palace of the Governors, built between 1610 and 1612 and San Miguel Mission, a noted landmark (c. 1640), and one of the oldest churches in the United States.[9] The plaza is surrounded by restaurants, shops, and museums. Many seasonal community events are held at the plaza.

On October 12, 2020, Indigenous People's Day, the obelisk portion of the Soldiers' Monument in the center of the plaza was toppled by protestors.[10]

Points of interest

The Plaza has several mature trees, street lamps, a banco, a central monument, a buried time capsule,[11] a bandstand and a water fountain. Wireless internet access is also available as of 2019.

Christmas lighting at the Santa Fe Plaza

Notable residents

See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. "National Historic Landmarks Survey, New Mexico" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
  3. NPS - Santa Fe Plaza
  4. Santa Fe Plaza
  5. Noble, David, ed. (1989). "Frances Levine, Down Under an Ancient City: An Archeologist's View of Santa Fe". Santa Fe, History of an Ancient City. Santa Fe: School of American Research. pp. 9–25. ISBN 0-933452-26-8.
  6. "El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail". National Park Service. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  7. "Santa Fe National Historic Trail, History & Culture". nps.gov. National Park Service. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  8. Wilson, Chris (1997). The Myth of Santa Fe, Creating a Modern Regional Tradition. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 58, 60. ISBN 978-0826317469.
  9. Santa Fe Plaza-American Southwest-A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary
  10. Mullan, Dillon (October 12, 2020). "Protesters tear down Plaza obelisk". Santa Fe New Mexican. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
  11. "The New Mexican". November 5, 1867. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  12. Frances Levine, "A Beautiful Death on the Santa Fe Trail", El Palacio: the magazine of the Museum of New Mexico, Spring 2020, elpalacio.org, accessed 26 June 2022
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