Santiago Peña

Peña holds graduate degrees from Universidad Católica "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción" (2001) and the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University (2003).[8][9]

Peña joined the Industrial Development Fund as an analyst in 1999 and served as an economist at the Central Bank of Paraguay from 2000 to 2009.[8]

He was appointed as one of the four directors of the Central Bank of Paraguay in 2012, leaving his job at the IMF.[10]

Horacio Cartes picked Peña to replace German Rojas as finance minister in 2015, following Rojas's resignation on personal grounds. As Peña took office, Cartes described him as a "bright young man" who would reinvigorate Paraguay's economy in the face of low global soy prices and a slow regional export market.[10]

In 2017, Peña ran for the Colorado Party's presidential candidacy in the 2018 general election, ultimately losing out to Mario Abdo Benítez,[13] with Abdo Benítez winning 564,811 votes (50.93%) to Peña's 480,114 (43.29%).[14]

Following his defeat in the Colorado Party's internal elections in 2017, Peña was elected to the board of Banco Amambay in March 2018. The bank was part of the Cartes Group, which was owned by former President of Paraguay Horacio Cartes, for whom Peña had served as minister of finance.[3]

In 2004, Peña taught as an adjunct professor at the Catholic University of Asunción, teaching financial theory. In 2005, he became a professor of economic policy at the same establishment.[4] In addition, Peña has contributed to several researches on monetary policy and finance fields. In 2017, he was invited by the Professor and current Ecuadorian ambassador to Chile Roberto Izurieta to participate as a visiting professor at the Graduate School of Political Management of the George Washington University, where Peña shared his experience on public administration in Paraguay.[15] He also was the thesis advisor of Geovanny Vicente, CNN columnist and professor at Columbia University.[16][17]

Second official portrait, 2023

In 2022, Peña ran successfully to stand as the Colorado Party's presidential candidate; he was widely seen as the candidate most closely aligned to former president Horacio Cartes, while his opponent, Arnoldo Wiens, was aligned with Abdo Benítez.[18][19] Critics of Peña have said that if elected president, Horacio Cartes would be a grey eminence and that Peña would merely act as a mouthpiece for Cartes. Colorado Party politician Blanca Ovelar said Peña would end up acting as a "secretary" to Cartes if he was elected.[20] Cartes and his supporters in Congress had previously attempted to pass a constitutional amendment to allow Cartes to run for re-election, sparking riots in the country.[21][22]

Peña was elected President of Paraguay, after winning 43.9% of the vote in the 2023 general election in April. He was congratulated by outgoing president Mario Abdo Benítez, and presidents Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil and Alberto Fernández of Argentina.[23] Peña called for unity to address the economic challenges the country is currently facing. Peña was inaugurated on 15 August 2023.[24]

By the time of the 2023 election, Peña was considered a conservative politician who opposes the legalization of abortion and same-sex marriage.[25] In May 2017, Peña had stated that he was in favor of same-sex marriage, while saying in regards of abortion that he was open for it to "be discussed in a sincere environment and without prejudice".[26] He reversed position shortly afterwards following criticism from conservative sectors.[27] During his 2023 campaign, he promised to create 500,000 jobs. He also ruled out raising taxes; this was criticized by The Guardian, who wrote that Paraguay is "having an underfunded state and the lowest tax burden in South America, which greatly benefits society's wealthiest."[25] In May 2023, Peña announced that he intended to move the Paraguayan Embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem after being sworn in as president;[28] a move that was previously made by Horacio Cartes in 2018 but reversed by Mario Abdo Benítez later that year.[29]

In February 2023, Peña said in an interview with Folha de S.Paulo that the military dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner had resulted in "more than 50 years of stability in Paraguay".[30] Peña further asserted that Stroessner, who came to power as a result of a coup d'état, had come to a power as a result of a "political agreement".[31] Peña's comments were criticised by opposition politicians and activists, and he was accused of trying to attract conservative and ultraconservative voters within the Colorado Party.[32]