Sara Gwendolen Foulke

Sara Gwendolen Foulke (26 June 1863 – 13 December 1936) was an American zoologist, marine biologist and poet. She worked on microscopic water inhabiting animals and her obituary described her work as "genius."

Sara Gwendolen Foulke
Born(1863-06-26)26 June 1863
Bala Farm, Chester County, Pennsylvania
Died13 December 1936(1936-12-13) (aged 73)
Baltimore
NationalityAmerican
Other namesGwendolen Foulke Andrews; Richard De Veaux
Occupation(s)zoologist, marine biologist and poet
Known forresearch into protoplasm
Notable workThe Living Substance as such: and as Organism; The poems of Richard De Veaux.

Biography

Foulke was born at Bala Farm, Chester County, Pennsylvania, to Julia DeVeaux Powel (daughter of John Hare Powel) and her husband, William Parker Foulke.[1][2] She was initially educated at private schools and subsequently attended Bryn Mawr College and the University of Pennsylvania.[1][2] Further into her career she studied and undertook research at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and at the Station biologique de Roscoff.[1]

During the 1880s, Foulke focused her research on infusoria and rotifers, microscopic water inhabiting animals.[2] She published a number of scientific articles on the subject.[1][3] She also assisted Edward Potts by providing scientific illustrations for his publication Fresh water sponges; a monograph.[4]Later she became interested in investigating the behaviour and form of protoplasm.[1] In 1897, Foulke published an article titled The Living Substance as such, and as Organism in the Journal of Morphology.[5][1] This article was initially criticised.[5][6] However, by the time of her death, this work was regarded by her obituary writer Henry Van Peters Wilson, as a work of "genius".[1]

Later in life Foulke developed an interest in child and animal psychology.[2]

Death and publication of her book of poetry

Foulke died on 13 December 1936 of a heart attack at her home in Baltimore.[1] After her death, her husband published her poems in a two volume set under her pseudonym Richard De Veaux.[7][2]

Family

In 1894 Foulke was married to biologist Ethan Allen Andrews.[1] The couple had three children.[8]

Selected publications

References
  1. Wilson, H. V. (26 February 1937). "Sara Gwendolen Andrews". Science. 85 (2200): 213. doi:10.1126/science.85.2200.213.a. ISSN 0036-8075.
  2. Mary R. S. Creese (2000). Ladies in the Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research. Scarecrow Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-585276-84-7. OL 656059M. Wikidata Q99481460.
  3. Gill, Theodore (1884). "Zoology". Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. 1884: 590–592 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  4. Potts, Edward.; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Vejdovský, Frantisek, 1849-1939 (1887), Fresh water sponges; a monograph, Illustrator: Sara Gwendolen Foulke, Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences, doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.12143, OCLC 3734026, OL 23300581M, Wikidata Q51397896{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. F. A. D. (February 1898). "The Living Substance as such, and as Organism". Nature. 57 (1477): 362–363. Bibcode:1898Natur..57..362F. doi:10.1038/057362a0. hdl:2027/hvd.hc4wns. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 36953109.
  6. "A Living Substance as Such, and as Organism". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. XXX (7): 390. 12 February 1898. doi:10.1001/jama.1898.02440590050022. ISSN 0098-7484.
  7. "The poems of Richard De Veaux". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 14 (2): 270–271. June 1939 – via Internet Archive.
  8. "Sara Gwendolen Foulke". www.familysearch.org. 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
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