Sato Kilman

Meltek Sato Kilman Livtuvanu (born 30 December 1957) is a Vanuatuan politician who served as the Prime Minister of Vanuatu on four previous occasions, most recently from 4 September to 6 October 2023. he was previously prime minister from December 2010 to April 2011, from May to June 2011 and June 2015 to February 2016, though his premiership was subsequently annulled by a court of law.

Sato Kilman
Kilman in 2013
Prime Minister of Vanuatu
In office
4 September 2023 – 6 October 2023
PresidentNikenike Vurobaravu
Preceded byIshmael Kalsakau
Succeeded byCharlot Salwai
In office
11 June 2015 – 11 February 2016
PresidentBaldwin Lonsdale
Preceded byJoe Natuman
Succeeded byCharlot Salwai
In office
26 June 2011 – 23 March 2013
PresidentIolu Abil
Preceded byEdward Natapei (Acting)
Succeeded byMoana Carcasses Kalosil
In office
13 May 2011 – 16 June 2011
PresidentIolu Abil
Preceded bySerge Vohor
Succeeded byEdward Natapei (Acting)
In office
2 December 2010 – 24 April 2011
PresidentIolu Abil
Preceded byEdward Natapei
Succeeded bySerge Vohor
Personal details
Born (1957-12-30) 30 December 1957
Malakula, New Hebrides (present day Vanuatu)
Political partyPeople's Progressive Party
OccupationPolice officer

Kilman was elected prime minister again on 26 June 2011, thus beginning his first legally recognised term in the premiership; he served until 23 March 2013. He is also the Leader of the People's Progress Party and an MP from Lakatoro on Malekula Island.[1] On October 6, 2023, he was ousted by a vote of no confidence.[2]

Early life and police career

Kilman was born on 30 December 1957. His home island is Malekula.[3]

In 1977, Kilman joined the British Police Force in New Hebrides as a corporal.[3] Following the independence of Vanuatu in 1980, he underwent training with the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary.[4] Kilman was appointed commander of the Vanuatu Mobile Forces in 1984 and assistant commissioner of the Vanuatu Police Force in 1986. He was promoted to police commissioner in 1992,[3] but was dismissed the following year and controversially replaced with a political appointee who had a criminal record.[5] He subsequently pursued business interests in the logging industry.[3]

Politics

Kilman and Ham Lini led the opposition to the Serge Vohor government when it took office in July 2004. Lini soon joined a coalition government with Vohor as Kilman became the leader of the opposition and a particularly strong critic of Vohor's attempts to establish relations with Taiwan. In December 2004, Kilman filed the no confidence motion which deposed Vohor and made Lini prime minister. In the new cabinet established on 13 December 2004, Kilman was rewarded by becoming Lini's deputy, as well as taking the position of foreign minister.

Kilman was dismissed from the government in a cabinet reshuffle in late July 2007. According to the government, this was due to alleged fraud, involving money stolen from the government, in which Kilman's political secretary was said to be involved.[6]

Following the 2008 general election, the People's Progress Party was in Opposition, as part of the Alliance bloc. In March 2009, Kilman was named leader of the Opposition, because the Alliance bloc had the largest number of seats of any Opposition party or alliance.[7] In November 2009, in a major cabinet reshuffle, Kilman was brought into Natapei's government as deputy Prime Minister.[8]

First terms as prime minister (2010–2013)

On 2 December 2010 Kilman was appointed Prime Minister after Edward Natapei was ousted in a vote of no confidence.[9] Kilman was himself narrowly ousted in a vote of no confidence on 24 April 2011 (Easter Sunday), by 26 votes to 25; Serge Vohor succeeded him.[10]

Vohor's election was declared invalid on 13 May 2011, as he only had a relative majority, and not an absolute one.[11]

On 16 June, Chief Justice Vincent Lunabek ruled in a separate case put forward by Edward Natapei, contesting the constitutionality of Kilman's initial election in December 2010. Lunabek ruled that Kilman's election to office had indeed been unconstitutional, as "[t]he speaker of Parliament Maxime Carlot Korman [had] appointed Mr Kilman prime minister without following article 41 of the constitution which required he be elected by secret ballot". Kilman's premiership was annulled, and Natapei was restored as interim Prime Minister, instructed to convene Parliament for the election of a new Prime Minister.[12][13] Ironically, as Natapei's ministers were restored as interim ministers, Kilman reverted to being Natapei's interim deputy prime minister - a position he was expected to hold only for a few days.[14]

On 26 June, Kilman stood for the premiership, and was elected by Parliament, with 29 votes to Serge Vohor's 23.[15]

He retained the confidence of Parliament following the October 2012 general election, forming a broad coalition government.[16]

On 20 March 2013, Minister for Justice and Social Welfare Thomas Laken and Minister for Ni-Vanuatu Business Marcellino Pipite crossed the floor to join the Opposition, along with six government backbenchers.[17] Lacking a majority with which to govern, Kilman announced his resignation the following day, before a motion of no confidence could be brought against him.[18] On 23 March, Parliament elected Moana Carcasses Kalosil to succeed him.[19]

On 15 May 2014, Carcasses was ousted in a motion of no confidence. New Prime Minister Joe Natuman appointed Kilman his Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade.[20] In early June 2015, Natuman sacked him for having said publicly that he could support a motion of no confidence against the government.[21]

Return to office

On 11 June 2015, Kilman again became Prime Minister. He ousted Joe Natuman through a no-confidence vote, having been sacked as Foreign Minister by Natuman the previous week.[22]

In October 2015, half of the MPs in Kilman's government, including Deputy Prime Minister Moana Carcasses and several other ministers, were imprisoned for bribery. Kilman refused to comment publicly during the case, and allowed convicted MPs to remain in their positions as government ministers right up until the point of their imprisonment. His perceived lack of leadership during the crisis, and refusal to take responsibility for corruption within his government, was widely criticised and led to calls for his resignation.[23][24]

On 4 September 2023, he returned as Prime Minister replacing Ishmael Kalsakau. Kilman told fellow MPs his top concern would be to "review foreign policy so that it benefitted Vanuatu more", also seeking "new export markets". The prime minister election came as a result of a political crisis, leading to former PM Kalsakau's ousting "for actions including signing a security pact with Australia".[25]

References
  1. "Kilman Takes Over as Vanuatu Prime Minister, Natapei falls to Vanuatu's fickle parliament". Radio Australia. Pacific Islands Report. 2 December 2010. Archived from the original on 24 December 2010. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  2. "Charlot Salwai elected prime minister of Vanuatu". rnz.co.nz. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  3. "Hon. Meltek Sato Kilman Livtunvanu". Parliament of the Republic of Vanuatu. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  4. "'Training touch but OK now'". Papua New Guinea Post-Courier. 26 June 1981.
  5. "Police chief has a criminal record". The Canberra Times. 7 September 1994.
  6. "Vanuatu ministers fall over fraud allegation", ABC Radio Australia, 31 July 2007.
  7. "Vanuatu opposition name Kilman as new leader". Radio New Zealand International. 4 March 2009.
  8. "Vanuatu PM counters challenge with major reshuffle". Radio New Zealand International. 18 November 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
  9. "Vanuatu's Natapei ousted in no confidence challenge". Radio New Zealand International. 2 December 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
  10. "Vohor takes Vanuatu's top job but instability expected to continue", ABC Radio Australia, 25 April 2011
  11. "Appeal court restores Kilman as Vanuatu prime minister". Radio New Zealand International. 13 May 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  12. "Vanuatu Court rules Kilman election void, reinstates Natapei as interim PM". Radio New Zealand International. 16 June 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  13. "Supreme Declared Natapei, Acting Prime Minister ", Government of Vanuatu, 16 June 2011 Archived 28 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  14. "Natapei interim PM in Vanuatu government change", Radio Australia, 16 June 2011
  15. "Kilman elected Vanuatu PM - ten days after ouster by court". Radio New Zealand International. 27 June 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  16. Vanuatu PM defeats motion of no-confidence, RNZ.nz, 11 December 2012
  17. "Opposition 28, Government 21" Archived 23 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Vanuatu Daily Post, 21 March 2013
  18. "Vanuatu Prime Minister, facing no confidence vote, resigns", Radio New Zealand International, 21 March 2013
  19. "Vanuatu MPs select Greens’ leader as new prime minister", Radio New Zealand International, 23 March 2013
  20. "Natuman names cabinet line-up" Archived 17 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Vanuatu Digest, 16 May 2014
  21. "Vanuatu foreign minister Kilman sacked", Radio New Zealand International, 4 June 2015.
  22. "Joe Natuman removed as Vanuatu's prime minister in no-confidence vote; Sato Kilman reclaims top job". ABC News. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  23. "Calls for Vanuatu PM to step down in wake of MPs' jailing". Radio New Zealand. 22 October 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  24. "Vanuatu Opposition ready to assist President". Radio New Zealand. 13 October 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  25. "Vanuatu parliament elects Sato Kilman as Prime Minister". Reuters. 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
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