Sauda

Sauda (listen) is a municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sauda, where most of the population lives. Other villages in the municipality include Saudasjøen and Amdal. Despite being in the northern part of the region of Ryfylke, Sauda participates in the Haugalandet Council and is under the jurisdiction of the Haugaland og Sunnhordland District Court.[3]

Sauda kommune
Saude herred (historic)
Søvde herred (historic)
View of the town of Sauda at night
View of the town of Sauda at night
Flag of Sauda kommune
Official logo of Sauda kommune
Sauda within Rogaland
Sauda within Rogaland
Coordinates: 59°41′15″N 06°26′14″E
CountryNorway
CountyRogaland
DistrictRyfylke
Established1842
  Preceded bySuldal Municipality
Administrative centreSauda
Government
  Mayor (2023)Håvard Handeland (Ap)
Area
  Total546.55 km2 (211.02 sq mi)
  Land507.50 km2 (195.95 sq mi)
  Water39.05 km2 (15.08 sq mi)  7.1%
  Rank#197 in Norway
Population
 (2022)
  Total4,525
  Rank#190 in Norway
  Density8.9/km2 (23/sq mi)
  Change (10 years)
Decrease −4.8%
DemonymSaudabu[1]
Official language
  Norwegian formNynorsk
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
  Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-1135
WebsiteOfficial website

The 547-square-kilometre (211 sq mi) municipality is the 197th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sauda is the 190th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,525. The municipality's population density is 8.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (23/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.8% over the previous 10-year period.[4][5]

The town of Sauda is the fifth largest town in Rogaland county with 4,254 inhabitants (2016), and the city center is home to Northern Europe's largest melting plant, Eramet Norway AS. The municipality is situated in the mountain valleys surrounding the Saudafjorden.

General information

Part of the inner seaport in the town of Sauda
View of the narrow Sauda fjord

The municipality of Sauda was established in 1842 when it was separated from the large municipality of Suldal. Initially, Sauda had a population of 1,584. The municipal boundaries have never changed.[6] The municipality declared the urban area of Sauda as a town in 1999.[7]

Name

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Sauda farm (Old Norse: Sauðar) since the first Sauda Church was built there. The farm is now part of the village of Saudasjøen. The name seems to come from the word sauðr which means "sheep", however, the same word is also the singular past indicative of the verb sjóða which means "to seethe" or "to boil", possibly referring to a spring of water. Before 1918, the name was written as "Saude" or "Søvde".[8]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms was granted on 14 May 1976. The official blazon is "Azure, three pallets dancetty argent" (Norwegian: I blått en vertical sølv trillingstreng med bredtannet snitt). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a set of three, vertical, jagged lines. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The jagged lines symbolically represent a river as a means for hydroelectricity (they can also be seen as "electrical sparks"). Historically, power was generated by watermills, providing a possibility for the development of an industry in the village. Presently, the power is used for melting metal ore in smelters in the municipality. The arms were designed by Johan Matland. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[9][10][11]

Churches

The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Sauda. It is part of the Ryfylke prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger.

Churches in Sauda
Parish (sokn)Church nameLocation of the churchYear built
SaudaSauda ChurchSauda1866
Saudasjøen ChapelSaudasjøen1973

History

The Workers township, Åbøbyen 2005.
Before The Workers township was built, Åbøbyen 1917.

Archaeological excavation in Saudasjøen shows that people have been living in Sauda since the latest Ice Age. In 1349, the Plague/Black Death wiped out about two-thirds of the population in Sauda, causing a decline in both population and economy. Despite this, the population was increasing during the medieval period, and a new type of industry started to grow. Along the fjord, the power from several waterfalls was used to build and run sawmills, and large-scale lumber production was started. People from all over the world, especially from the Netherlands, started to trade with the people of Sauda. This resulted in major ship traffic, giving impetus to further development of the villages and farms in Sauda.

By the end of the 19th century, a new type of adventure would change the lives of the inhabitants forever. The mining industry started in the mountains of Hellandsbygd, making Sauda a small industrial area and trading center for the surrounding region. In 1910, the American company Electric Furnace Company (EFP) began the construction of Europe's largest smelting plant here in Sauda. This could only be done because of the large number of waterfalls and rivers that made it possible to build power plants situated a short distance from the smelter, which uses large amounts of electricity.

Sauda's time as a farming village was now over, and the people of today still live on the foundation of the new town that emerged. By the end of World War II, the Germans had finished building a large Aluminum Melting Plant in Saudasjøen, but the production was moved to Årdal in 1946. The remaining buildings were demolished by the municipality in the 1950s, leaving the industrial area in Saudasjøen empty for decades. In the 1980s, a glass production factory was established together with a couple of mechanic production factories. The population of Sauda reached its peak in the mid-1960s, approximately 6,700 inhabitants. In 1998, the urban area of Sauda was declared to be a town (mostly a symbolic name, with no new municipal authority).

Geography

Sauda is located in the valleys and mountains surrounding the Saudafjorden. Outside of the main valley, most of the municipality is very mountainous terrain, with mountains like Skaulen (1,560 metres or 5,120 feet) and Kyrkjenuten (1,620 metres or 5,310 feet). The town of Sauda is located about two hours by boat from the city of Stavanger, about three hours by car from the city of Bergen, and about five hours by car from the national capital, Oslo. The mountains surrounding the village of Saudasjøen contain one of the biggest ski resorts on the west coast of Norway. The town of Sauda is located on flat land, a delta created by the rivers that empty into the fjord just outside the town centre.

Climate

Sauda has something in between a humid continental climate (Dfb) and a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb). Situated at the innermost part of the long and narrow Saudafjord, the oceanic influences are less than in Stavanger, but still enough to moderate winters. Atlantic lows coming from the west goes up against the mountains surrounding Sauda and the result is a large amount of precipitation. The wettest part of the year is late autumn and winter and the driest season is spring and early summer, which demonstrates an oceanic precipitation pattern. The weather station in Sauda has been operating since March 1928. The all-time high temperature 34.6 °C (94.3 °F) was recorded July 2019, and the record low −17.2 °C (1.0 °F) was set in January 2010 (extremes available back to 2003).The average date for the first overnight freeze (below 0 °C (32 °F)) in autumn is October 15 (1981-2010 average).[12]

Climate data for Sauda 1991-2020 (5 m, extremes 2003-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.4
(50.7)
11.4
(52.5)
17.1
(62.8)
20.9
(69.6)
31.3
(88.3)
30.9
(87.6)
34.6
(94.3)
31.6
(88.9)
26.5
(79.7)
22.9
(73.2)
17.4
(63.3)
13.8
(56.8)
34.6
(94.3)
Average high °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9)
3.1
(37.6)
6
(43)
11
(52)
15.5
(59.9)
18.6
(65.5)
20.4
(68.7)
19.8
(67.6)
16
(61)
10.6
(51.1)
6.1
(43.0)
3.3
(37.9)
11.1
(52.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.2
(31.6)
−0.2
(31.6)
2.3
(36.1)
6.3
(43.3)
10.3
(50.5)
13.5
(56.3)
15.6
(60.1)
15.1
(59.2)
12
(54)
7.2
(45.0)
3.2
(37.8)
0.4
(32.7)
7.1
(44.9)
Average low °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7)
−2.7
(27.1)
−0.7
(30.7)
2.6
(36.7)
6
(43)
9.6
(49.3)
12.1
(53.8)
11.8
(53.2)
9
(48)
4.7
(40.5)
1
(34)
−1.8
(28.8)
4.1
(39.4)
Record low °C (°F) −17.2
(1.0)
−14.4
(6.1)
−14.3
(6.3)
−6.4
(20.5)
−0.9
(30.4)
1.9
(35.4)
5.5
(41.9)
5.4
(41.7)
0.9
(33.6)
−5.3
(22.5)
−10.7
(12.7)
−15.7
(3.7)
−17.2
(1.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 283.7
(11.17)
222.3
(8.75)
189.5
(7.46)
120
(4.7)
104.3
(4.11)
106.5
(4.19)
117.3
(4.62)
173.8
(6.84)
218.9
(8.62)
264.7
(10.42)
269.9
(10.63)
300.3
(11.82)
2,371.2
(93.33)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 19 17 17 14 13 13 15 16 16 17 19 20 196
Source 1: eklima/met.no[13]
Source 2: NOAA - WMO averages 91-2020 Norway [14]

Government

All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[15] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Haugaland og Sunnhordland District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Sauda is made up of 19 representatives that are elected to four year terms. Currently, the party breakdown is as follows:

Sauda kommunestyre 20202024 [16]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:19
Sauda kommunestyre 20152019 [17]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 9
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:19
Sauda kommunestyre 20122015 [18]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:19
Sauda kommunestyre 20082011 [17]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:19
Sauda kommunestyre 20042007 [17]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Total number of members:19
Sauda kommunestyre 20002003 [17]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Sauda kommunestyre 19961999 [19]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:27
Sauda kommunestyre 19921995 [20]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Sauda kommunestyre 19881991 [21]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:27
Sauda kommunestyre 19841987 [22]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 15
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Sauda kommunestyre 19801983 [23]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Liberal People's Party (Liberale Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Sauda kommunestyre 19761979 [24]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre), Liberal Party (Venstre), and New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 7
Total number of members:27
Sauda kommunestyre 19721975 [25]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
 Socialist common list (Venstresosialistiske felleslister)2
Total number of members:27
Sauda kommunestyre 19681971 [26]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:27
Sauda kommunestyre 19641967 [27]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:27
Sauda herredsstyre 19601963 [28]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:27
Sauda herredsstyre 19561959 [29]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:27
Sauda herredsstyre 19521955 [30]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:20
Sauda herredsstyre 19481951 [31]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 3
Total number of members:20
Sauda herredsstyre 19451947 [32]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 6
Total number of members:20
Sauda herredsstyre 19381941* [33]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 8
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 3
Total number of members:20
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

The mayors (Norwegian: ordfører) of Sauda (incomplete list):

Economy

The main activity is industry, with large companies represented like Eramet, Saint-Gobain, Statkraft, Sauda Building Center, Statnett, Elkem, and Effektivt Renhold

Tourism

Industrial museum, Sauda, in winter.

Sauda has a well-developed nightlife, which is suited for all adult ages. There are young-adult bars, as well as more mature-adult bars accessible. A movie theater, many tourist attractions, and restaurants exist as a way of relaxing after skiing. However, the most highly recommended first stop is the après-ski at Sauda Skisenter. Also notable athletes, alpine racers, and summer-winter athletes call Sauda home.

Attractions

Svandalsfossen waterfall, Sauda
  • Jonegarden på Hustveit – old refurbished farm and a lumber mill
  • Løyning – old farm about 10 kilometers away from Sauda
  • Risvoldtunet – food service, conference center, guided tour on a mini power plant
  • Åbøbyen – best conserved North-American styled village area in Norway
  • Honganvikfossen – a waterfall
  • Svandalsfossen – a waterfall
  • Jetegrytene in Åbødalen – rivers and waterfalls
  • Sauda museum – collection in downtown Sauda featuring local heritage
  • Industriarbeidermuseet – museum about the life of local workmen (1920s to 1950s)
  • Fagerheimsaminga – exhibition of carved wooden figures in Saudahallen
  • City walk – arrangement in summer time with a guided tour through the city of Sauda
  • City center – during winter, heated streets are free of snow

Notable people

Bjørn Eidsvåg, 2016

Twin towns — sister cities

Sauda has sister city agreements with the following places:

References

  1. "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. Store norske leksikon. "Sauda" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  4. Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  5. Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. Jukvam, Dag (1999). Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  7. Store norske leksikon. "Sauda - tettstedet" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  8. Rygh, Oluf (1915). Norske gaardnavne: Stavanger amt (in Norwegian) (10 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. pp. 354 and 356.
  9. "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  10. "Sauda, Rogaland (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  11. "Forskrift om herredsvåpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 14 May 1976. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  12. "Første frostnatt". 25 September 2013.
  13. "eklima portal (means, precipitation, record low & high)".
  14. "NOAA WMO normals Norway 1991-2020".
  15. Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  16. "Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2019 - Rogaland". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  17. "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  18. "Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Rogaland". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  19. "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  20. "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  21. "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  22. "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  23. "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  24. "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  25. "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  26. "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  27. "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  28. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  29. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  30. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  31. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  32. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  33. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938. Retrieved 30 June 2020.

Further reading

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