Scheduled Tribes in West Bengal

Scheduled Tribes (also known as "tribals" or "adibasi/adivasi") are specific indigenous peoples whose status is acknowledged to some formal degree by national legislation. Scheduled tribes of the Indian state of West Bengal, as recognized by the Constitution of the Indian Republic; a total of 40 distinct tribes. Among those 40 tribes 3 tribes are "Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups" (PTGs).[1][2]

Overview

As per 2001 census scheduled tribes numbering 4,406,794 persons constituted 5.5 per cent of the total population of the state. Santals constitute more than half (51.8 per cent) of the total ST population of the state. Oraons (14 per cent), Mundas (7.8 per cent), Bhumij (7.6 per cent) and Kora (3.2 per cent) are the other major STs having sizeable population. Along with Santal, they constitute nearly 85 per cent of the state's total ST population. The Lodhas, Mahalis, Bhutias, Bedias, and Savars are the remaining STs, and having population of one per cent or more as per 2001 census report.[3]

District wise Scheduled Tribes demographic map of West Bengal

More than half of the total ST population of the state is concentrated in Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Purulia, and Bardhaman districts. Of the remaining districts, Bankura, Malda, Uttar Dinajpur, and Dakshin Dinajpur have sizable ST population.[3]

List of tribes

As per the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950, the following were listed as scheduled tribes in West Bengal.[4]

  1. Asur
  2. Baiga
  3. Badia, Bediya
  4. Bhumij
  5. Bhutia, Sherpa, Toto, Dukpa, Kagatay, Tibetan, Yolmo
  6. Birhor
  7. Birjia
  8. Chakma
  9. Chero
  10. Chik Baraik
  11. Garo
  12. Gond
  13. Gorait
  14. Hajong
  15. Ho
  16. Karmali
  17. Kharwar
  18. Khond
  19. Kisan
  20. Kora
  21. Korwa
  22. Lepcha
  23. Limbu(Subba)
  24. Lodha, Kheria, Kharia
  25. Lohara, Lohra
  26. Magh
  27. Mahali
  28. Mahli
  29. Mal Pahariya
  30. Mech
  31. Mru
  32. Munda
  33. Nagesia
  34. Oraon
  35. Parhaiya
  36. Rabha
  37. Santal
  38. Sauria paharia
  39. Savars
  40. Tamang

Demographics
Scheduled Tribe Historical Population Latest Population (2011) Sex ratio Literacy (%) Main worker Marginal worker
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 Total Male Female
Asur — 611 4286 3864 4050 4864 1024 45.1 55.2 35 73 27
Baiga 4 — 1606 7624 11681 13423 984 61.4 72.8 50 51.9 48.1
Bedia, Bediya 1191 3339 29396 44875 55979 88772 973 63.5 72.5 54.2 61.2 38.8
Bhumij 91289 169426 233906 291808 336436 376296 980 59.5 70.7 48.1 49.8 50.2
Bhutia, Sherpa, Toto, Ukpa, Kagatay, Tibetan, Yolmo 23595 33912 40192 48196 60091 66627 1002 81.1 86.7 75.5 73.7 26.3
Birhor 100 — 658 855 1017 2241 906 58.2 69.3 46.1 63.9 36.1
Birjia — 16 913 1238 1654 1123 960 48.4 60 36.2 64.3 35.7
Chakma 1379 2927 141 320 642 466 966 76.8 83.8 69.5 84.4 15.6
Chero 559 175 1648 2283 1968 5477 1034 62.7 73.2 52.5 75.6 24.4
Chik Baraik — 1627 12624 16030 17824 21376 1014 62.6 74 51.2 72.4 27.6
Garo 2535 2627 3206 3673 1915 2039 1045 77.8 81.8 73.9 64.5 35.5
Gond 735 46 4923 5966 9826 13535 900 74.8 82.9 65.9 77.8 22.2
Gorait 425 481 2191 3024 1436 2498 990 32 41.2 22.6 51.2 48.8
Hajang 426 244 1081 1527 597 621 882 74.4 85.3 61.9 82.8 17.2
Ho 1075 1036 3202 11640 15540 23483 992 54.3 65.2 43.2 57.4 42.6
Karmali 1023 94 1418 7101 1317 2466 974 67.9 79.6 55.9 63.8 36.2
Kharwar 1142 134 11726 20514 17625 20270 942 64.5 73.8 54.7 65.2 34.8
Khond 41 — 639 829 226 660 953 59.I 67.2 50.7 85.3 14.7
Kisan 3 716 5370 5827 4788 98434 934 53.4 62.4 43.9 58.8 41.2
Kora 62029 93586 96835 113564 142789 159404 1000 56.5 68 45.1 54.8 45.2
Korwa 2891 3222 2493 4948 5371 2912 1012 53.9 62.8 45.3 74.3 25.7
Lepcha 15309 14568 23408 27888 32377 33962 981 82.4 86.8 77.9 59.5 40.5
Lodha, Kharia, Kharia 40898 45906 53718 68095 84966 108707 988 45.5 54.6 36.2 55.2 44.8
Lohara, Lohra 3031 2388 23799 29750 20683 24783 997 55.3 65.4 45.2 68.5 31.5
Magh 790 3257 1020 4332 8214 8032 989 88.3 91.6 85.1 87.8 12.2
Mahali 28233 47247 50288 69542 76102 81594 1003 55 66.3 43.6 63.5 36.5
Mahli 5075 998 10827 19075 1831 2609 963 50.7 59.8 41.3 53.9 46.1
Mal Pahariya 15706 31018 17020 34302 37440 44538 992 42.8 49 36.5 74.1 25.9
Mech 13915 10862 26959 29904 35996 41242 978 74.2 80.8 67.6 67.5 32.5
Mru 1477 836 1231 1546 271 197 1074 61.7 70.2 53 62.5 37.5
Munda 160245 198701 230016 289091 341542 366386 990 57.7 67.1 48.3 62.8 37.2
Nagesia 4875 2516 42521 10069 8373 16378 987 61.8 70.1 53.5 72.8 27.2
Oraon 297394 291173 437574 536919 617138 6,43,5 10 993 59 68.1 49.9 69.2 30.8
Parhaiya 487 108 3745 7889 688 921 1042 38.2 42.3 34.1 70.2 29.8
Rabha 6053 2466 11256 15204 15014 27820 952 61.3 68.4 53.8 65.7 34.3
Santal 1200091 1376980 1666610 1997222 2280540 2512331 1012 54.7 66.1 43.5 53.5 46.5
Sauria Paharia 28 158 4253 4590 2332 3480 1029 44 49.2 38.9 78.1 21.9
Savar 2181 4986 37247 46216 43599 40374 1012 40.6 49.9 31.5 45.6 54.4
Limbu (Subba) — — — — — 46847 1011 81.2 87.8 74.7 64.6 35.4
Tamang — — — — — 146203 1014 80.4 87.7 73.3 72.5 27.5
Total Scheduled Tribe 2,054,081[lower-alpha 1] 2,532,969[lower-alpha 1] 3,070,668[lower-alpha 1] 3,808,760[lower-alpha 1] 4,406,794[lower-alpha 1] 5,296,953[lower-alpha 1] 999 57.9 68.2 47.7 57.9 42.1
  1. Including ambiguous Scheduled Tribes.

References
  1. "Tribal Development Department, Government of West Bengal". adibasikalyan.gov.in. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  2. "Tribal Development Department, Government of West Bengal". www.adibasikalyan.gov.in. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  3. "West Bengal: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes" (PDF). Census of India 2001. Census Commission of India. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
  4. "Scheduled Tribes List" (PDF). tribal.nic.in.


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