College of the Ozarks

College of the Ozarks is a private Christian college in Point Lookout, Missouri. The college has an enrollment of 1,426 and over 30 academic majors in Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science programs.[5]

This article is about the college in Missouri. For the university in Arkansas known as College of the Ozarks from 1920 to 1987, see University of the Ozarks.
College of the Ozarks
MottoHard Work U
TypePrivate college
Established1906 (1906)[1]
Religious affiliation
Southern Baptist
Academic affiliations
Endowment$480.5 million (2020)[2]
PresidentBrad Johnson[3]
Academic staff
83[1]
Administrative staff
190[1]
Students1,508[4]
Undergraduates1,508[4]
Location
Point Lookout
,
Missouri
,
United States

36.6181°N 93.2405°W / 36.6181; -93.2405
CampusRural, 1,000-acre (1.6 sq mi; 404.7 ha)
NicknameBobcats and Lady Cats
Sporting affiliations
NAIA – Continental
NCCAA – Independent
Websitewww.cofo.edu

The college charges no tuition for full-time students due to its student work program and donations. The program requires students to work 15 hours a week at an on-campus work station and two 40-hour work weeks during breaks. A summer work program is available to some students to cover room and board costs.[6] The college refers to itself as "Hard Work U"[7] and places emphasis on "character" education.

History
Aerial photo of college of the Ozarks with Lake Taneycomo, Branson, and Table Rock Lake beyond

Forsyth

The school was first proposed in 1901 as a high school by James Forsythe, pastor of Forsyth, Missouri Presbyterian Church. Forsythe was from the St. Louis, Missouri area.

Forsythe was said to have been inspired to make the proposal after encountering a boy on a squirrel hunt who told him that his parents couldn't afford to send him to the closest high school 40 miles (60 km) away in Springfield, Missouri.[8]

The School of the Ozarks opened on September 11, 1906, in a 75-by-50-foot (23-by-15-meter) building atop Mount Huggins (named for brothers Louis and William Huggins from St. Joseph, Missouri who were among the founders of Nabisco[9] and had donated money for the school). In its first term it had enrollment of 180 with 36 boarders.[10]

From the start, the school adopted its practice of having its students work instead of paying tuition.

On January 12, 1915, the original building was destroyed in a fire. The school temporarily held classes in the Forsyth public school.[8]

Point Lookout

The school then relocated farther up the White River at Point Lookout, Missouri on a 16-acre (6.47 ha) campus. The campus has changed quite a bit since this era, but has remained at the Point Lookout location ever since.[11] The central building of the campus was the Maine Hunting and Fishing Club building, which had been transported to the site by sportsmen from the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair where it had been the State of Maine exhibit. It was renamed the Dobyns Building in honor of W. R. Dobyns, president of the trustees at the time. The building burned on February 1, 1930.[12][13]

In the 1920s what would become the Ralph Foster Museum depicting Ozark heritage had its start in the basement of the boys dormitory: Abernathy Hall.

In 1934 the Fruitcake and Jelly Kitchen opened to offer work for students. It is now one of 90 work stations. More than 100 fruitcakes are now baked daily.[14]

1950s expansion
The Williams Memorial Chapel built in 1956.

In the 1950s under Robert M. Good and M. Graham Clark the school dramatically changed.

The campus expanded to 1,400 acres (567 ha), the school's Gothic chapel was built on the location of the original Dobyns Building and a hospital was added.

In 1956, with high schools becoming increasingly available in the area, the school became a junior college.

The Museum of the Ozarks took over the entire Abernathy Building and was renamed the Good Museum for president Good. It was later renamed for country music pioneer Ralph D. Foster, who donated money and exhibits for it. The museum expanded in 1969, 1977 and 1991.[15] Among the exhibits is an original George Barris 1921 modified Oldsmobile Beverly Hillbillies truck donated by series creator Paul Henning who was inspired to do the show after a Boy Scout camping trip in the Ozarks. The museum also contains a large firearm display, including a rifle belonging to Pancho Villa.[16]

1960s to present

In 1965 it became a four-year college, but it did not garner regional accreditation until the 1990s.[17]

In 1994 it was renamed the College of the Ozarks when regional accreditation was conferred.[17]

The former president, Jerry C. Davis, instituted five goals for the college that now stand as their pillars for students to emulate:[18]

  • Academic
  • Vocational
  • Christian
  • Patriotic
  • Cultural

According to the school, out of more than 4,000 applicants, approximately 400 students are accepted to College of the Ozarks each fall semester. [19] Students are encouraged to have at least a 20 composite on the ACT, or a 1030 on the SAT. A GPA of at least a 3.0 and ranking in the top 50% of their class is also preferred. College of the Ozarks also considers other factors for admission such as leadership, service, and financial need.

Controversies

The College of the Ozarks has been subject to numerous incidents of controversy, in particular, the school's policies against LGBT people,[20] strict biblical inspired moral code for students,[21] the lack of ethnic and racial diversity,[22] and its boycott on Nike products following an ad campaign featuring Colin Kaepernick.[23] Former LGBT students of the college recounted that they were pressured to undergo conversion therapy, a widely condemned procedure based in pseudo science that claims to be able to alter individuals from homosexuals to heterosexuals.[24][25]

In 1994 College of the Ozarks was compared to Jonestown because of its lack of academic freedom. This was one of its struggles with getting recognized as an accredited institution.[26]

In the 2003–2004 semesters, a professor revealed that one of the college's deans, Larry Cockrum, had received his Ph.D. from Crescent City Christian College, a fraudulent college ("diploma mill") run out of a coach's basement. The professor who brought this information to light was suspended for the 2004 semester, and his contract was not to be renewed for the fall semester. The college's former president, Jerry C. Davis, defended the dean with the fraudulent degree, while terminating the professor.[27] Larry Cockrum has been appointed to a new position as president of The University of the Cumberlands.[28]

In 2017 the College of the Ozarks controversially altered its course requirements for incoming freshmen requiring to enroll in a course titled "Patriotic Education and Fitness", which combines military style physical education with military science in order to encourage patriotism and respect for the military.[29]

The college has been subject of racial controversies regarding its significantly low number of African Americans in its student body.[30] An article published by The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education in 1993 titled "Blacks Still Not Wanted at Many Christian Colleges" presents a list of every college endorsed by the Coalition for Christian Colleges which were organized according to the proportion of black students to white students, of which the College of the Ozarks ranked second to last.[31][32][22] According to the journal, in 1993, black students represented 0.1% of the entire student body of 1,541 students. The only Christian college to receive a lower rank was Dordt College in Iowa, which was completely white. Following an ad campaign by Nike featuring former NFL quarterback Colin Kaepernick, the College of the Ozarks officially announced that it would no longer use Nike sportswear for its athletic teams or sell Nike products in the college store.[23] Anne Branigin of The Root sharply criticized the college's decision, noting the apparent racial overtones of the controversy. In addition, Branigin also criticized the school's work-education model referring to it as "[sounding] a bit like indentured servitude", the lack of ethnic diversity in the student body (approximately 93% of students are white), and the institution's "Orwellian" patriotism guidelines.[33] College of the Ozarks has been described as having a "militaristic patriotism that is at the heart of former President Jerry Davis' claustrophobic educational vision, at S of O we offered our students something much more in keeping with a traditional liberal arts education."[34] All monies earned through the Pell Grant and through campus work is taken by the college; students do not see this during their enrollment, as the institution does not charge tuition.[35] Cost of education, per credit hour has historically been more than most private or state universities at $310/credit hour, though students are not charged tuition. [36]

In September 2017, The Princeton Review published the results of a survey of 137,000 students from 382 universities and colleges, which concluded that the College of the Ozarks was the most hostile and unfriendly campus towards LGBT peoples and non-binary people.[37][38] In response to the survey Valorie Coleman, public relations director, told the Kansas City Star that "she does not consider the school hostile to LGBT people, but acknowledged its strict rules against sexual immorality."[39] Homosexual behavior, along with premarital, extramarital, and the consumption of alcohol and drugs, is strictly prohibited by the university's student handbook. College of the Ozarks has employed licensed professional counselors who openly practice conversion therapy and leave reparative therapy materials around the therapy office.[40] The Keeter Center Hotel, operated by the College of the Ozarks, states: "The College reserves the right to prohibit events and not extend services to persons or groups that are inconsistent with the College's beliefs and expectations. Though the College will not deviate from its stated position, this provision is not intended to, and will not be used as a way to, exclude or discriminate against persons or groups that are legally protected under state and federal laws as those laws are applicable to the College."[41] The college maintains dormitories that segregate male and female students into different facilities. The college is suing the Biden administration over this interpretation of the law, arguing that "Private, faith-based colleges have the constitutionally protected freedom to separate males and females in dorm rooms, showers, and lockers, and, until recently, that common sense policy has been widely accepted and respected", and that the threat of enforcement "forces the college to choose between their religious beliefs or risking massive penalties".[42]

In November 2018, two students of the College of the Ozarks were abducted and sexually assaulted, after arriving at the campus approximately ten minutes before mandatory curfew. The front gate of the college is locked from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m., but students can call a 24-hour security number to unlock the gate. [43] Though public relations director Valorie Coleman stated that students are able to call campus security to let them into their residences, former students have been quoted as describing instances where students were expelled following a curfew infraction between the years of 2010 and 2013. Alumni have stated that students sleeping in their car or away from campus was routine when they attended the college.[44] Alumni also stated that they feared being expelled for missing curfew.[44][45]

Presidents

Since 1906, there have been 15 presidents, 2 acting presidents and two chancellors.[46]

  • 1906 – A. Y. Beatie
  • 1907 – George Gordon Robertson
  • 1907–10 – W. I. Utterback
  • 1910 – F. O. Hellier
  • 1911–13 – George K. Knepper
  • 1913–15 – William L. Porter
  • 1915–16 – John E. Crockett
  • 1916–20 – George L. Washburn
  • 1920–21 – Thomas M. Barbee
  • 1921–52 – R. M. Good
  • 1952–75 – M. Graham Clark
  • 1975–81 – Howell W. Keeter, Chancellor
  • 1981–82 – Jim Spainhower
  • 1983–87 – Stephen G. Jennings
  • 1988–2022 – Jerry C. Davis[47]
  • 2022–Present – Brad Johnson[48]

Athletics

The College of the Ozarks (CofO) athletic teams are called the Bobcats. The college is a member of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA), primarily competing as an independent (and full-time since the 2021–22 school year) in the Central Region of the Division I level.

CofO competes in ten intercollegiate varsity sports. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cheerleading, cross country and track & field, while women's sports include basketball, cheerleading, cross country, track & field, and volleyball.

Previously, CofO competed as a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Midlands Collegiate Athletic Conference (MCAC) from 1994–95 to 2014–15 (the final season after which the conference was later dissolved). Then CofO competed in the Association of Independent Institutions (AII, basically as an independent school in the NAIA) since the 2015–16 school year. In March 2021, mid-season, former college president Jerry C. Davis decided to drop out of NAIA athletics competition (effective immediately during the 2020–21 school year), with no prior warning or discussion with players, coaches, or administrators. The president did not give a reason for the decision.[49] After two years in the NCCAA, the school returned to the NAIA in 2023.[50]

Basketball

The 2005-06 men's basketball team won the NAIA Division II national championship, while the Lady Cats were the runner up. The men's team was second in the basketball tournament in 2000 and 2009.[51] From 2000 to 2017, Keeter Gymnasium was host to the NAIA Division II Basketball Championship games. In 2014, Ozarks made headlines by defeating second-ranked College of Idaho in the national tournament.[52]

In the wake of the 2016–2017 national anthem protests at athletic events in the United States, the college announced that they would refuse to play any team whose players took a knee in the same manner as the protests.[53] In response, College of the Ozarks chose to withdraw from hosting the Division II men's basketball champion game and agreed to aid in moving it to another venue. The championship game had been held there since 2000.[54] In September 2018, the president of the college released a statement explaining that the school would no longer use uniforms made by Nike: "If Nike is ashamed of America, we are ashamed of them."[55]

Campus
  • Williams Memorial Chapel - This Neo-Gothic chapel was built in 1956 and holds consistent public Sunday services at 11 a.m.
  • The Keeter Center - The 95,000 square foot facility holds a restaurant, lodging, and other rooms/halls for events.
  • The Ralph Foster Museum - This Ozarks' history museum is named after the late Ralph D. Foster, who was a prominent radio voice and philanthropist in the area.
  • Fruitcake and Jelly Kitchen - The college's kitchen produces many student-made products here, including their well-known apple butter.
  • Edwards Mill - This student-run mill receives power from a twelve-foot water wheel and produces meal, flour, and other products.
  • Lake Honor - This small lake found in the middle of campus houses the college's swans and their cygnets.
  • The Hoge Greenhouse - More than 7,000 plants including orchids, houseplants, and more can be found and purchased inside the greenhouse.
  • The Gaetz Tractor Museum - This museum holds many antique farm tools, tractors, and pieces of equipment dating back to the early 1900s.
  • Lyons Memorial Library
  • McKibben Center
  • Memorial Dorm
  • Ashcroft Dorm
  • McDonald Dorm
  • Mann Dorm
  • Foster Dorm
  • Mabee Dorm
  • Youngman Dorm
  • Kelce Dorm
  • Barrett Dorm
  • Howell W. Keeter Gymnasium
  • Tillman Center
  • 91.7 FM KCOZ Radio Station

[56]

Notable alumni


References
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  2. As of June 30, 2020. U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2020 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY19 to FY20 (Report). National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA. February 19, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  3. "News". www.cofo.edu. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  4. "College of the Ozarks - The Princeton Review College Rankings & Reviews". princetonreview.com.
  5. "College of the Ozarks - US News Best Colleges". US News. 10 March 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  6. "College of the Ozarks - Best Colleges - Education - U.S. News & World Report". Colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. 2009-08-19. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
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  8. "The School of the Ozarks: Beginnings". thelibrary.org.
  9. Sampson, Francis Asbury (2008-01-23). Missouri historical review - Google Books. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
  10. "College of the Ozarks, Hard Work U". Cofo.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-04-10. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
  11. Davis, Jerry C. (2007). Miracle in the Ozarks : the inspiring story of faith, hope, and Hard Work U. College of the Ozarks. OCLC 1036707953.
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  13. "College of the Ozarks". Retrieved 2 July 2023.
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  16. "Ralph Foster Museum - Beverly Hillbillies Car, Point Lookout, Missouri". Roadsideamerica.com. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
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  28. "Dr. Larry L. Cockrum". University of the Cumberlands. Retrieved 2021-09-16.
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  30. "Black Students at America's Most Conservative Colleges and Universities". The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (51): 42. 2006. ISSN 1077-3711. JSTOR 25073429.
  31. "White Supremacist Ideas Have Historical Roots In U.S. Christianity". NPR.org. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
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  45. Karnes, Sara (15 November 2018). "College of the Ozarks alumni react to alleged sexual assault of students". Branson Lakes News. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
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  48. "BOARD OF TRUSTEES ANNOUNCES DR. BRAD JOHNSON AS NEW PRESIDENT OF COLLEGE OF THE OZARKS, EFFECTIVE JUNE 1, 2022". College of the Ozarks. College of the Ozarks. 10 May 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  49. Kerkhoff, Wheeler (March 12, 2021). "College of the Ozarks says its athletics program is ending its relationship with the NAIA". Springfield News-Leader.
  50. Collingwood, Ryan (March 18, 2023). "Former Kickapoo and Strafford standouts lead College of the Ozarks to NCCAA title". Springfield News-Leader. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  51. "College of the Ozarks, Hard Work U". Cofo.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
  52. "Santiago Leads Bobcats in Upset of No. 2 Seed College of Idaho". Victory Sports Network. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  53. Riley, Claudette. "If you kneel, the game is over, C of O tells opposing teams". Springfield News-Leader.
  54. Wheeler, Wyatt D. "Anthem protest policy moves NAIA basketball tournament away from College of the Ozarks". Springfield News-Leader.
  55. Kerkhoff, Blair (September 6, 2018). "The Nike swoosh is out at Missouri's College of the Ozarks because of Kaepernick ad". The Kansas City Star.
  56. "College of the Ozarks Visit". cofo.edu. December 2018. Retrieved 2018-12-04.
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