Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a small historic state in present-day Thuringia, Germany, with its capital at Rudolstadt.
County (Principality) of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Grafschaft (Fürstentum) Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt | |||||||||
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| 1599–1918 | |||||||||
 Flag
 Coat of arms
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.svg.png.webp) Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt within the German Empire | |||||||||
 Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt within Thuringia | |||||||||
| Status | State of the Holy Roman Empire (until 1806), State of the Confederation of the Rhine, State of the German Confederation, State of the North German Confederation, State of the German Empire, State of the Weimar Republic | ||||||||
| Capital | Rudolstadt | ||||||||
| Government | Principality | ||||||||
| Prince | |||||||||
• 1710–1718 | Louis Frederick I (first) | ||||||||
• 1890–1918 | Günther Victor (last) | ||||||||
| Legislature | Landtag | ||||||||
| Historical era | Early modern period | ||||||||
| 1599 | |||||||||
• Raised to Principality | 1711 | ||||||||
| 1918 | |||||||||
• Merged into Thuringia | 1920 | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1835 | 58,000[1] | ||||||||
• 1848 | 62,000[2] | ||||||||
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.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
History
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was established in 1599 in the course of a resettlement of Schwarzburg dynasty lands. Since the 11th century, the ancestral seat of the comital family had been at Schwarzburg Castle, though after 1340, for most of its existence as a polity had the capital at the larger town of Rudolstadt. In 1583 Count Günther XLI of Schwarzburg, the eldest son of Günther XL the Rich and ruler over the united Schwarzburg lands, had died without issue. He was succeeded by his younger brothers, whereby Albert VII received the territory around Rudolstadt. After their brother William I, Count of Schwarzburg-Frankenhausen had died in 1597, the surviving brothers Albert VII and John Günther I established the two counties of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen by the 1599 Treaty of Stadtilm.
Albert's descendants ruled as sovereign counts of the Holy Roman Empire. Count Albert Anton (1662–1710) was elevated to the rank of a prince by Emperor Leopold I; it was however his son Louis Frederick I (1710–1718) who first bore the princely title, whereby Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt in 1711 became a principality under the same entity. It withstood mediatisation and after the empire's dissolution joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1807 and the German Confederation in 1815.
In 1905 Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt had an area of 940 km2 (360 sq mi) and a population of 97,000.
On 23 November 1918, during the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the fall of all the German monarchies, Prince Günther Victor was the last to abdicate. The former principality became a "Free State" in 1919 and joined the Weimar Republic as a constituent state. In 1920, it joined with other small states in the area to form the new state of Thuringia.
The castle at Schwarzburg
Aerial view of Schwarzburg
Heidecksburg residence at Rudolstadt
Rulers of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Counts of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- 1574–1605: Count Albrecht VII (1537–1605), son of Count Günther XL of Schwarzburg, founder of the county (state) of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- 1605–1630: Count Charles Günther I (1576–1630), succeeded by younger brother Louis Günther I
- 1612–1634 Count Albrecht Günther (1582–1634)
- 1630–1646: Count Louis Günther I (1581–1646)
- 1646–1662: Regent Emilie of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst (1614–70)
- 1662–1710: Count Albert Anton (1641–1710)
Princes of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- 1710–1718: Prince Louis Frederick I (1667–1718)
- 1718–1744: Prince Frederick Anton (1692–1744)
- 1744–1767: Prince John Frederick (1721–67)
- 1767–1790: Prince Louis Günther II (1708–90)
- 1790–1793: Prince Frederick Charles (1736–93)
- 1793–1807: Prince Louis Frederick II (1767–1807)
- 1807–1814: Regent Caroline Louise of Hesse-Homburg (1771–1854)
- 1814–1867: Prince Frederick Günther (1793–1867)
- 1867–1869: Prince Albert (1798–1869)
- 1869–1890: Prince Georg Albert (1838–90)
- 1890–1918: Prince Günther Victor (1852–1925), also succeeded as Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen in 1909 upon the death of Prince Karl Günther.
Heads of the princely house of Schwarzburg post-monarchy
On the death of the childless Prince Günther Victor in 1925, he was succeeded by Prince Sizzo (1860–1926), who was the son of Prince Friedrich Günther (1793–1867) from his second, morganatic marriage. Prince Sizzo was recognised as a full member of the House of Schwarzburg in 1896. He was succeeded in 1926 by his son, Prince Friedrich Günther (1901–1971).
Upon the death in 1971 of Prince Friedrich Günther, the last in the male line, his elder sister, Princess Marie Antoinette of Schwarzburg, who married Friedrich Magnus V, Count of Solms-Wildenfels, could have had a claim to the headship under semi-Salic primogeniture.[3][4]
- 1918–1925: Prince Günther Victor (1852–1925)
- 1925–1926: Prince Sizzo (1860–1926)
- 1926–1971: Prince Friedrich Günther (1901–1971)
See also
References
- The Metropolitan Magazine Volume 14. London: Saunders and Otley. 1835. p. 187.
- A Pictorial Geography of the World: Comprising a System of Universal Geography, Popular and Scientific. Boston: C.D. Strong. 1848. p. 763.
- The House of Schwarzburg on Heraldica.org
- James, John Almanach de Gotha, Volume I, 2013.
External links
- House laws of Schwarzburg
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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