Sclerococcum

Sclerococcum is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Dactylosporaceae.

Sclerococcum
Sclerococcum parasiticum (black discs) growing on Pertusaria albescens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Eurotiomycetes
Order: Sclerococcales
Family: Dactylosporaceae
Genus: Sclerococcum
Fr. (1825)
Type species
Sclerococcum sphaerale
(Ach.) Fr. (1825)
Synonyms
  • Dactylospora Körb. (1855)

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 1825 by Elias Magnus Fries.[1] The type species is Sclerococcum sphaerale, originally described in 1814 by Erik Acharius (as Spiloma sphaerale). This fungus is a lichenicolous hyphomycete – a mould that lives on a lichen. Most of the Sclerococcum species described since then are also lichenicolous, and most have a restricted host range. Molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2012 showed that Sclerococcum sphaerale grouped together in a clade with species of Dactylospora in the class Eurotiomycetes.[2]

In 2016, Réblová and colleagues proposed a new family Sclerococcaceae in a new order (Sclerococcales) to accommodate the type genus Sclerococcum, Dactylospora, Rhopalophora, three strains of beetle-associated fungi, and an isolate of Fusichalara minuta.[3] This classification was not accepted in the 2017 Outline of the Ascomycota, which retained the family Dactylosporaceae.[4]

Species
  • Sclerococcum acarosporae S.Y.Kondr. (2002)[5]
  • Sclerococcum acarosporicola Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum aeruginosum (Holien & Ihlen) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum ahtii (Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum allantoideum (Alstrup & D.Hawksw.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum amygdalariae (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum anziae (Zhurb., Ezhkin, Skirina & Y.Ohmura) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum aptrootii Diederich (2015)[6]
  • Sclerococcum areolatum Etayo (2008)
  • Sclerococcum arthrobotryinum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum aspiciliicola (Alstrup & D.Hawksw.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum athallinum (Müll.Arg.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum attendendum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum australe (Triebel & Hertel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum bloxamii (Berk. & W.Phillips) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum boreale (Holien & Ihlen) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum caledonicum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum canariense (Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum cladoniicola (Alstrup & Olech) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum crassitunicatum Zhurb., Diederich & U.Braun (2017)
  • Sclerococcum crassum (Sarrión & Hafellner) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum davidii (Hafellner & H.Mayrhofer) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum deminutum (Th.Fr.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum dendriscostictae Y.Joshi (2021)[7] – India
  • Sclerococcum dobrowolskii (Olech & Alstrup) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum epicladonia Zhurb. (2017)[8]
  • Sclerococcum epimyces (Tobisch) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum epiphytorum Diederich (1990)[9]
  • Sclerococcum ewersii Elix, P.M.McCarthy & Hafellner (2019)[10] – Australia
  • Sclerococcum fissurinae Pérez-Ort. (2020)[11] – Alaska
  • Sclerococcum frigidum (Hafellner) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum gelidarium Etayo & F.Berger (2000)[12]
  • Sclerococcum glaucomarioides (Willey ex Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum griseisporodochium Etayo (1995)[13]
  • Sclerococcum hafellnerianum (Sérus.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum haliotrephum (Kohlm. & E.Kohlm.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum heterodermiae (Etayo) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum homoclinellum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum imperfectum (Ellis) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum inconspicuum (Etayo) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum inopinum (Döbbeler & W.R.Buck) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum inquilinum (Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum leuckertii Diederich & P.Scholz (1995)[14]
  • Sclerococcum lobariellum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum luridum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum mangrovei (E.B.G.Jones, Alias, Abdel-Wahab & S.Y.Hsieh) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum mediterraneum (Sarrión & Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum microsporum (Etayo) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum montagnei Hafellner (1996)[15] – Macaronesia
  • Sclerococcum olivaceum Etayo & F.Berger (2004)
  • Sclerococcum ophthalmizae Coppins (2018)
  • Sclerococcum orygmaeum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum parasitaster (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum parasiticum (Flörke) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum parellarium (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum pertusariicola (Willey ex Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum phaeophysciae Diederich & van den Boom (2017)[16]
  • Sclerococcum phyllobaeis Etayo (2017)
  • Sclerococcum physciae Y.Joshi (2021)[7] – India
  • Sclerococcum pleiospermum (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum polysporum (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum porphyreum (Hafellner & Kalb) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum protothallinum (Anzi) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum pseudourceolatum (Sarrión & Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum purpurascens (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum pyrenaicum (Etayo) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum rhyparizae (Arnold) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum ricasoliae (Vouaux) Flakus, Rodr.Flakus & Etayo (2019)
  • Sclerococcum rimulicola (Müll.Arg.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum rostrupii (Alstrup) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum rubiginosum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum saxatile (Schaer.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum serusiauxii Boqueras & Diederich (1993)[17]
  • Sclerococcum simplex D.Hawksw. (1979)[18]
  • Sclerococcum sipmanii Diederich (2015)[6]
  • Sclerococcum sphaerale (Ach.) Fr. (1825)
  • Sclerococcum stipitatum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum stygium (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum suburceolatum (Coppins & Fryday) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum tegularum (Arnold) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum tephromelarum Etayo & Calat. (1998)[19]
  • Sclerococcum thelotrematicola (Elix) Fryday (2019)
  • Sclerococcum toensbergii Diederich (2017)[16]
  • Sclerococcum urceolatum (Th.Fr.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
  • Sclerococcum verrucisporum Alstrup (1993)[20]
  • Sclerococcum verruculosum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
  • Sclerococcum vrijmoediae (K.L.Pang, Sheng Y.Guo, Alias, Hafellner & E.B.G.Jones) Ertz & Diederich (2018)

References
  1. Fries, Elias M. (1825). Systema Orbis Vegetabilis (in Latin). Vol. 1. Lund: Typographia Academica. p. 79.
  2. Diederich, Paul; Ertz, Damien; Lawrey, James D.; Sikaroodi, Masoumeh; Untereiner, Wendy A. (2012). "Molecular data place the hyphomycetous lichenicolous genus Sclerococcum close to Dactylospora (Eurotiomycetes) and S. parmeliae in Cladophialophora (Chaetothyriales)". Fungal Diversity. 58 (1): 61–72. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0179-4.
  3. Réblová, Martina; Untereiner, Wendy A.; Štěpánek, Václav; Gams, Walter (2016). "Disentangling Phialophora section Catenulatae: disposition of taxa with pigmented conidiophores and recognition of a new subclass, Sclerococcomycetidae (Eurotiomycetes)". Mycological Progress. 16 (1): 27–46. doi:10.1007/s11557-016-1248-y.
  4. Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Liu, Jian Kui; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Ekanayaka, Anusha H.; Tian, Qing; Phookamsak, Rungtiwa (2018). "Outline of Ascomycota: 2017". Fungal Diversity. 88 (1): 167–263. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8.
  5. Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Zelenko, S.D. (2002). "New lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Israel and the Near East". Ukrainskiy Botanichnyi Zhurnal. 59 (5): 598–607.
  6. Diederich, P. (2015). "Two new lichenicolous species of Sclerococcum (asexual Ascomycetes) growing on Graphidaceae". Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois. 117: 35–42.
  7. Joshi, Y. (2021). "Two new species of lichenicolous fungus Sclerococcum (Dactylosporaceae, Sclerococcales) from India". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 63 (1–2): 67–75. doi:10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.5.
  8. Zhurbenko, M.P.; Pino-Bodas, R. (2017). "A revision of lichenicolous fungi growing on Cladonia, mainly from the Northern Hemisphere, with a worldwide key to the known species". Opuscula Philolichenum. 16: 188–266.
  9. Diederich, P. (1990). "New or interesting lichenicolous fungi 1. Species from Luxembourg". Mycotaxon. 37: 297–330.
  10. Elix, J.A.; McCarthy, P.M.; Hafellner, J. (2019). "A new lichenicolous species of Sclerococcum (Dactylosporaceae, Ascomycota) from south-eastern Australia". Australasian Lichenology. 85: 43–45.
  11. Spribille, Toby; Fryday, Alan M.; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; Svensson, Måns; Tønsberg, Tor; Ekman, Stefan; Holien, Håkon; Resl, Philipp; Schneider, Kevin; Stabentheiner, Edith; Thüs, Holger; Vondrák, Jan; Sharman, Lewis (2020). "Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska". The Lichenologist. 52 (2): 61–181. doi:10.1017/S0024282920000079.
  12. Berger, F. (2000). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flechten und lichenicolen Pilze Islands". Acta Botanica Islandica (in German). 13: 69–82.
  13. Etayo, J. (1995). "Two new species of lichenicolous fungi from the Pyrenees". Nova Hedwigia. 61 (1–2): 189–197.
  14. Diederich, P.; Scholz, P. (1994). "New or interesting lichenicolous fungi. 5. - Sclerococcum leuckertii spec. nova (Deuteromycotina)". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 57: 113–116.
  15. Hafellner, J. (1996). "Bemerkenswerte Funde von Flechten und lichenicolen Pilzen auf makaronesischen Inseln V". Herzogia (in German). 12: 133–145.
  16. Diederich, P.; van den Boom, P. (2017). "Sclerococcum phaeophysciae and S. toensbergii, two new lichenicolous asexual Ascomycetes, with a revised key to the species of Sclerococcum". Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois. 119: 71–78.
  17. Boqueras, M.; Diederich, P. (1993). "New or interesting lichenicolous fungi. 3. Karsteniomyces llimonae sp. nov. and Sclerococcum serusiauxii sp. nov. (Deuteromycotina)". Mycotaxon. 47: 425–431.
  18. Hawksworth, D.L. (1979). "The lichenicolous Hyphomycetes". Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History. 6 (3): 249.
  19. Etayo, J.; Calatayud, V. (1998). "Sclerococcum (Deuteromycotina) with black sporodochia in Spain". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien. 100: 677–681.
  20. Alstrup, V. (1993). "News on lichenicolous fungi from the Nordic countries". Graphis Scripta. 5 (2): 96–104.
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