Sepultura

Sepultura (Portuguese: [ˌsepuwˈtuɾɐ], "grave")[1] is a Brazilian heavy metal band from Belo Horizonte. Formed in 1984 by brothers Max and Igor Cavalera,[2] the band was a major force in the groove metal, thrash metal and death metal[3] genres during the late 1980s and early 1990s,[4] with their later experiments drawing influence from alternative metal, world music, nu metal,[3] hardcore punk, and industrial metal.[5][6] Sepultura has also been credited as one of the second wave of thrash metal acts from the late 1980s to early-to-mid-1990s.[7][8][9][10][11][12]

Not to be confused with Sepulture.

Sepultura
Sepultura at the Wacken Open Air in 2018
Sepultura at the Wacken Open Air in 2018
Background information
OriginBelo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Genres
DiscographySepultura discography
Years active1984–present
Labels
Spinoffs
Members
Past members
Websitesepultura.com.br

The band has had several lineup changes throughout its 39-year career, with Max and Igor Cavalera departing in 1996 and 2006, respectively. Sepultura's current lineup consists of vocalist Derrick Green (who replaced Max in 1997), guitarist Andreas Kisser, bassist Paulo Jr. and drummer Eloy Casagrande (who replaced Igor's successor Jean Dolabella in 2011). Since Igor Cavalera's departure in 2006, there have been no original members left in the band. Although Paulo Jr. joined Sepultura shortly after its formation in late 1984 and is the longest serving member, he did not play on any of the band's studio albums until Chaos A.D. (1993).[lower-alpha 1] Kisser, who replaced onetime guitarist Jairo Guedz, has appeared on all of Sepultura's albums since their second full-length Schizophrenia (1987); he also recorded bass guitar until Chaos A.D..[lower-alpha 1]

Sepultura has released fifteen studio albums to date, the latest being Quadra (2020). Their most successful records are Beneath the Remains (1989), Arise (1991), Chaos A.D. (1993), and Roots (1996).[17] Sepultura has sold over three million units in the United States and almost 20 million worldwide,[18][19] gaining multiple gold and platinum records around the globe, including in countries as diverse as France,[20][21] Australia,[22] Indonesia,[23] United States,[24] Cyprus,[25] and their native Brazil.[26]

History
Sepultura's "classic" logo, used on all of the band's albums from Beneath the Remains (1989) to Against (1998), and again since Kairos (2011).

Formation, Bestial Devastation and Morbid Visions (1984–1986)
Singer and guitarist Max Cavalera formed Sepultura, along with his brother Igor, in 1984, and stayed with the band until 1996.

Sepultura was formed in 1984 in Belo Horizonte, the capital city of Minas Gerais, Brazil.[2] The band was founded by brothers Max and Igor Cavalera, the impoverished sons of Vânia, a model, and Graciliano, a well-to-do Italian diplomat whose fatal heart attack left his family in financial ruin.[27] Graciliano's death deeply affected his sons, inspiring them to form a band after Max heard Black Sabbath's 1972 album Vol. 4 the very same day.[28] They chose the band name Sepultura, the Portuguese word for "grave", when Max translated the lyrics of the Motörhead song "Dancing on Your Grave".[1]

The brothers' early influences included Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath, and Deep Purple, and metal and hard rock artists of the early 1980s, such as Van Halen, Iron Maiden, Motörhead, AC/DC, Judas Priest, Ozzy Osbourne, and V8, as well as hardcore punk acts, such as Terveet Kädet, Rattus and Discharge.[2] They would travel to a record shop in São Paulo that mixed tapes of the latest records by American bands.[29] Their listening habits changed dramatically after being introduced to Venom. As Igor Cavalera put it:

"I remember the first time I listened to Venom, it was on a friend's borrowed tape. It was similar to Motörhead, only a lot heavier. I remember someone saying: it's the devil's Motörhead! After we got acquainted with Venom, we stopped listening to Iron Maiden and all that lighter stuff."[30]

The Cavalera brothers started listening to more extreme metal bands at the time such as Hellhammer, Celtic Frost, Kreator, Sodom, Slayer, Megadeth, Exodus, and Exciter.[31] They also had influences on Brazilian metal from bands like Stress, Sagrado Inferno, and Dorsal Atlântica. By 1984, they had dropped out of school.[29] After several early membership changes, Sepultura established a stable lineup of Max on guitar, Igor on drums, lead vocalist Wagner Lamounier, and bassist Paulo Jr.[32] Lamounier departed in March 1985 after disagreements with the band, and moved on to become the leader of the pioneering Brazilian black metal band Sarcófago. After his departure, Max took over the vocal duties. Jairo Guedes was invited to join the band as lead guitarist.[33]

After about a year of performing, Sepultura signed to Cogumelo Records in 1985. Later that year, they released Bestial Devastation, a shared EP with fellow Brazilian band Overdose. It was recorded and self-produced in just two days. The band recorded their first full-length album, Morbid Visions, in August 1986. It contained their first hit, "Troops of Doom", which gained some media attention. The band then decided to relocate to the larger city of São Paulo.[34]

Schizophrenia, Beneath the Remains and Arise (1987–1992)
Andreas Kisser has been the lead guitarist of Sepultura since 1987. His arrival provided the group with a more technical experience.

In early 1987, Jairo Guedz quit the band. Guedz was replaced by São Paulo-based guitarist Andreas Kisser,[35] and they released their second studio album, Schizophrenia, later that year. The album reflected a stylistic change towards a more thrash metal-oriented sound, while still keeping the death metal elements of Morbid Visions. Schizophrenia was an improvement in production and performance, and became a minor critical sensation across Europe and America as a much sought-after import. The band sent tapes to the United States that made radio playlists at a time when they were struggling to book gigs, because club owners were afraid to book them due to their style.[29] The band gained attention from Roadrunner Records who signed them and released Schizophrenia internationally before seeing the band perform in person.[34][36]

During a May 2018 interview with teenyrockers.com, Kisser noted that Sepultura would not have been possible without family support, not only from his own family, but also from the families of Max and Igor, and Paulo Jr.[37]

The band's third studio album, Beneath the Remains, was released in 1989. The album was recorded in a rustic studio in Rio de Janeiro while the band communicated through translators with the American producer Scott Burns.[29] It was an immediate success and became known in thrash metal circles as a classic on the order of Slayer's Reign in Blood.[36] It was hailed by Terrorizer magazine as one of the all-time top 20 thrash metal albums,[38] as well as gaining a place in their all-time top 40 death metal records.[39] AllMusic gave the album 4.5 stars out of 5 and said, "The complete absence of filler here makes this one of the most essential death/thrash metal albums of all time."[40] A long European and American tour furthered the band's reputation, despite the fact that they were still very limited English speakers. Sepultura's first live dates outside of Brazil were opening for Sodom on their Agent Orange tour in Europe; following this was Sepultura's first U.S. show, which was held on October 31, 1989, at the Ritz in New York City, opening for Danish heavy metal band King Diamond.[41] The band filmed its first video for the song "Inner Self", which received considerable airplay on MTV's Headbangers Ball, giving Sepultura their first exposure in North America.[42] Touring in support of Beneath the Remains continued throughout much of 1990, including three shows in Brazil with Napalm Death, European dates with Mordred and a U.S. tour with Obituary and Sadus.[41]

Traveling on trains. Getting beat up by cops. Sleeping behind the stage. It's part of growing up. It's part of the nature of this stuff. If you don't have that kind of background, you can't be a band like us.

Max Cavalera reflecting on Sepultura's past in Brazil.[29]

In January 1991, Sepultura played for more than 100,000 people at the Rock in Rio II festival. The band relocated from their native Brazil to Phoenix, Arizona in 1990, obtained new management, and recorded the album Arise at Morrisound Studios in Tampa, Florida.[29] By the time the album was released in March 1991, the band had become one of the most critically praised thrash/death metal bands of the time. The first single "Dead Embryonic Cells" was a success, and the title track gained additional attention when its video was banned by MTV America due to its apocalyptic religious imagery; it did, however, get some airplay on Headbangers Ball as did the music videos for "Dead Embryonic Cells" and "Desperate Cry".[42] Arise was critically acclaimed and their first to chart on the Billboard 200, reaching No. 119.[43]

Sepultura toured relentlessly throughout 1991 and 1992 in support of Arise; its touring cycle began in May 1991 with a European trek with Sacred Reich and Heathen, followed by the New Titans on the Block tour in the U.S. that included support from Sacred Reich, Napalm Death and Sick of It All.[41] They also played with several other bands, including Slayer, Testament, Motörhead, Kreator, White Zombie, Type O Negative and Fudge Tunnel, and along with Alice in Chains, Sepultura supported Ozzy Osbourne on his No More Tears tour.[41] Max Cavalera married the band's manager Gloria Bujnowski during this period.[34] The Arise tour concluded in December 1992 with a US tour, where the band (along with Helmet) supported Ministry's Psalm 69 tour.[41]

Chaos A.D., Nailbomb and Roots (1993–1996)
Max Cavalera
Igor Cavalera

Sepultura's fifth album, Chaos A.D., was released in 1993. Supported by the singles "Refuse/Resist", "Territory" and "Slave New World", this was their only album to be released in North America by Epic Records, and the first of two albums by Sepultura to be certified gold there.[44] It saw a departure from their death metal style,[45] adding influences of groove metal,[46] industrial and hardcore punk.[5] While Chaos A.D. is not a death metal album, it does include elements of thrash metal music.[47] AllMusic gave the album 4.5 stars out of 5 and wrote that, "Chaos A.D. ranks as one of the greatest heavy metal albums of all time."[48] The band did a year-long tour in support of Chaos A.D., starting with a headlining European run with Paradise Lost, followed by a U.S. tour with Fudge Tunnel, Fear Factory and Clutch.[41] They were also one of the support acts (along with Biohazard and Prong) for Pantera's Far Beyond Driven tour in North America, and then opened for the Ramones in South America and toured Australia and New Zealand with Sacred Reich. By the time the Chaos A.D. tour ended in November 1994,[41] Sepultura was one of the most successful heavy metal bands of the day.[49][50][51]

Also in 1994, Max and Igor collaborated with Alex Newport of Fudge Tunnel to form Nailbomb. They released an even more industrial-oriented album, Point Blank the same year. The group performed only one full live gig at Dynamo Open Air in 1995, and the performance was released as Proud to Commit Commercial Suicide. Nailbomb was disbanded shortly afterwards.

Sepultura's sound change continued with their sixth album, Roots, which was released in 1996. On this album, the band experimented with elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples, and adopted a slower, down-tuned sound. The album was hailed as a modern-day heavy metal classic and a major influence on the then-nascent nu metal scene. AllMusic gave it 4.5 stars out of 5 and said, "Roots consolidates Sepultura's position as perhaps the most distinctive, original heavy metal band of the 1990s."[52] In 1996, Sepultura performed "War (Guerra)" for the AIDS benefit album Silencio=Muerte: Red Hot + Latin produced by the Red Hot Organization.

Departure of Max Cavalera, Derrick Green joins and Against (1996–2000)

In August 1996, Sepultura played on the Castle Donington Monsters of Rock main stage alongside Kiss, Ozzy Osbourne, Paradise Lost, Type O Negative, Biohazard, and Fear Factory. The band was suddenly a three-piece with Andreas Kisser taking over on lead vocals, after Max Cavalera left the concert site earlier in the day upon learning of the death of his stepson Dana Wells in a car accident. After Dana Wells' funeral was finished, Max returned and continued to tour with Sepultura. A few months after Wells' death, the band had a meeting with Max and said that they wanted to fire their manager Gloria Bujnowski, who was Max's wife and Dana's mother, and find new management. Their reasoning was that Bujnowski was giving preferential treatment to Max while neglecting the rest of the band. Max, who was still coming to terms with the death of Wells, felt betrayed by his bandmates for wanting to get rid of Bujnowski and abruptly quit the band.[34] Max Cavalera's final performance with Sepultura was at Brixton Academy in England on December 16, 1996.[53]

I started Sepultura back in the day. I used to write that name on my schoolbooks. What I'm going through now, is like watching my own son die. I cry every day, I feel hurt, sad, angry, it's like half of me has died.

Max Cavalera explaining his feelings on leaving Sepultura.[54]

Derrick Green has been the singer of Sepultura since 1997, when he replaced Max Cavalera, who had left the band the year before.

Following Max Cavalera's departure, the remaining members of Sepultura announced plans to find a new vocalist. Among those who auditioned were Chuck Billy of Testament, Phil Demmel of Machine Head and Vio-lence, Marc Grewe of Morgoth, Jorge Rosado of Merauder and a then-unknown Jason "Gong" Jones.[55][56] American musician Derrick Green from Cleveland, Ohio, was selected as the band's new front-man. The first album with the new line-up was Against, which was released in 1998. The album was critically and commercially less successful than previous albums and sold considerably fewer copies than the debut album by Max Cavalera's then-new band Soulfly.[34][57] In a retrospective review AllMusic gave the album 3 stars out of 5, stating that "there are enough flashes of the old Sepultura brilliance to suggest that great things are still to come".

Nation and Roorback (2001–2005)

The band's eighth album, Nation, released in 2001, sold poorly. It would be their last studio album with Roadrunner Records. AllMusic gives the album 3 stars out of 5 and said, "As Green scrapes the lining of his vocal chords through the brash, impassioned tracks, he's singing about more than just 'one nation, Sepulnation'; he's suggesting something bigger, something worth shouting about and fighting for." In an interview, Derrick Green said that, "Every song will be related to the idea of building this nation. We will have our own flags, our own anthem."[58] A recording of Max Cavalera's last live show with Sepultura, titled Under a Pale Grey Sky, was released in 2002 by Roadrunner Records.

After recording Revolusongs, an EP of covers in 2002, the band released their ninth studio album, Roorback, in 2003. Despite receiving greater critical acclaim than its predecessors, sales remained low. It was their first album with SPV Records. AllMusic gave the album 4 stars out of 5 and said, "if there are still any lingering doubts about the Green/Sepultura match, 2003's excellent Roorback should put them to rest for good. Green is passionate and focused throughout the album — he has no problem going that extra mile — and the writing is consistently strong."[59] In 2005, the band played in Dubai for the annual Dubai Desert Rock Festival. In November of that year, a live double DVD/double CD package, Live in São Paulo, was released. This was the first official live album from the band.

Dante XXI, A-Lex, and departure of Igor Cavalera (2006–2010)
Sepultura performing in Poland, 2007.

Sepultura's tenth album, Dante XXI, was released on March 14, 2006. It is a concept album based on Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy. Music videos were recorded for the songs "Convicted in Life" and "Ostia". AllMusic gave the album 3.5 stars out of 5 and said that, "Overall, Dante XXI is easily one of Sepultura's strongest releases to feature Green on vocals."[60]

In a 2007 interview with Revolver magazine, Max Cavalera stated that he and Igor, both of whom having recently reconciled after a decade-long feud, would reunite with the original Sepultura lineup. There were also rumors that the reunited line up would play on the main stage at Ozzfest 2007. However, this was denied by Kisser and the reunion did not occur.[61] Instead, Igor Cavalera left the band after the release of Dante XXI and was replaced by Brazilian drummer Jean Dolabella, leaving the band without any of its original members. After leaving Sepultura, Igor and Max formed Cavalera Conspiracy.

The band was one of the featured musical guests at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2008 on November 13. They performed a cover of "The Girl from Ipanema", and "We've Lost You" from the album A-Lex.[62] The 9th annual Latin Grammy Awards ceremony was held at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas and aired on Univision.[63] Sepultura also appeared in a successful ad campaign for Volkswagen motors commercial that aired nationally throughout Brazil in 2008. The spot said that "it's the first time you've seen Sepultura like this. And a Sedan like this one too".[64] The Volkswagen TV spot shows Sepultura playing bossa nova, the opposite of its heavy metal style, to say that "you never saw something like this, as you never saw a car like the new Voyage."

Sepultura released the album A-Lex on January 26, 2009. This was the first Sepultura album to include neither of the Cavalera brothers, with bassist Paulo Jr. as the sole remaining member from the band's debut album. A-Lex is a concept album based on the book A Clockwork Orange. The album was recorded at Trama Studios in São Paulo, Brazil, with producer Stanley Soares. AllMusic gave the album 4 stars out of 5 and said, "Personnel changes can have a very negative effect on a band, but Sepultura have maintained their vitality all these years – and that vitality is alive and well on the superb A-Lex."[65] In the same year Andreas Kisser contributed his recipe for "Churrasco in Soy Sauce" to Hellbent for Cooking: The Heavy Metal Cookbook, stating in the recipe that he prefers his meat "medium-rare".[66] Sepultura supported Metallica on January 30 and 31, 2010, at Morumbi Stadium in São Paulo, Brazil. The two concerts were attended by 100,000 people.[67] The band filmed a concert DVD in 2010.[68] Sepultura played at Kucukciftlik Park, Istanbul, on April 27, 2010. On August 8, 2010, visited the UK to play at the Hevy Music Festival near Folkestone.

Kairos and The Mediator Between Head and Hands Must Be the Heart (2010–2015)
Drummer Eloy Casagrande in 2014. Casagrande has been the drummer of Sepultura since 2011.

On July 6, 2010, it was announced that Sepultura were signed with Nuclear Blast Records, and would release their first album for the label in 2011.[69] The band confirmed that there would be no reunion of the classic lineup.[70] By the end of 2010, the band began writing new material and entered the studio to begin recording their 12th album with producer Roy Z (Judas Priest, Halford, Iron Maiden's Bruce Dickinson, Helloween and Andre Matos).[71][72][73] On March 1, 2011, Sepultura had completed recording their new album, entitled Kairos, which was released in June 2011.[74]

The album includes cover versions of Ministry's "Just One Fix" and The Prodigy's "Firestarter", both of which are available as bonus tracks on various special-edition releases.[75] Sepultura played on the Kairos World Tour and at Wacken Open Air 2011. Drummer Jean Dolabella left the band and was replaced by 20-year-old Eloy Casagrande in November 2011, who had already played in Brazilian heavy metal singer Andre Matos' solo band and in the Brazilian post-hardcore band Gloria. In November and December 2011 Sepultura participated the Thrashfest Classics 2011 tour alongside thrash metal bands like Exodus, Destruction, Heathen, and Mortal Sin.

In May 2012, guitarist Andreas Kisser told Metal Underground that Sepultura would soon "start working on something new with Eloy" and see if they could "get ready for new music early next year".[76] In an interview at England's Bloodstock Open Air on August 10, 2012, Kisser revealed that Sepultura would be filming a live DVD with the French percussive group Les Tambours du Bronx. He also revealed that the band was "already thinking about new ideas" for their next album and would "have something new going on" in 2013.[77]

On December 10, 2012, producer Ross Robinson, who produced Sepultura's Roots album, tweeted: "Oh, didn't mention.. Spoke to Andreas, it's on. My vision, smoke Roots" suggesting he would be producing the band's next album. This was later confirmed, as well as an announcement that the album would be co-produced by Steve Evetts.[78] Former Slayer drummer Dave Lombardo made a guest appearance on the album.[79]

On January 25, 2013, it was announced that author Jason Korolenko was working on Relentless – 30 Years of Sepultura, which is described in a press release as "the only book-length biography to cover the band's entire 30-year career." Relentless was published on October 8, 2014, in Poland under the title Brazylijska Furia, and the English language edition was published via Rocket 88 on December 4, 2014.[80] The Brazilian edition, titled Relentless – 30 Anos de Sepultura, is scheduled for publication via Benvira in early 2015.[81] The French language edition of "Relentless" was published in France on October 19, 2015.[82]

On July 19, 2013, it was revealed that the title of the band's thirteenth album was The Mediator Between Head and Hands Must Be the Heart. In September 2013, they performed at Rock in Rio with Brazilian rock/MPB artist Zé Ramalho – this line-up was named "Zépultura", a portmanteau of both artists' names.[83][84][85][86]

Machine Messiah, Quadra and upcoming sixteenth studio album (2016–present)

After spending more than two years of touring in support of The Mediator Between Head and Hands Must Be the Heart,[87] Sepultura entered the studio in mid-2016 to begin recording their fourteenth studio album, with Jens Bogren as the producer.[88] The resulting album, Machine Messiah, was released on January 13, 2017.[89] Sepultura promoted the album with a series of world tours, including supporting Kreator on their Gods of Violence tour in Europe in February–March 2017,[90] and along with Prong, they supported Testament on the latter's Brotherhood of the Snake tour in the United States in April–May 2017.[91] The band also toured Europe in February and March 2018 with Obscura, Goatwhore and Fit for an Autopsy,[92] and Australia in May with Death Angel.[93]

The first official Sepultura documentary, Sepultura Endurance, was premiered in May 2017 and released on June 17.[94] Max and Igor declined to be interviewed for the film and also refused to allow early material of the band to be used.[95]

In an August 2018 interview at Wacken Open Air, Kisser confirmed that Sepultura had begun the songwriting process of their fifteenth studio album,[96] and stated later that month that it was not expected to be released before 2020.[97] The band began recording the album, again with producer Bogren, in August 2019 for a tentative February 2020 release.[98]

In October 2019, during their performance at Rock in Rio 8, the band announced the name and revealed the cover for their fifteenth studio album, which would be named Quadra. They also debuted the lead single, named "Isolation", which is also the opening track for the album.[99][100] On November 8, they released the studio version of "Isolation" and announced that Quadra would be released on February 7, 2020.[101] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Sepultura had not been able to tour or play any shows in support of Quadra for over two years after its release. They played their first show in two years at Circo Voador in Rio de Janeiro on February 12, 2022.[102] The band promoted Quadra by touring the United States with Sacred Reich, Crowbar and Art of Shock, and Europe with the two-thirds of US leg (only Sacred Reich and Crowbar remaining); due to the COVID-19 situation, the tours had been rescheduled to two years from March and April 2020 and a year from the fall of 2021 respectively.[103][104][105][106] Drummer Bruno Valverde of Angra was brought to fill in for Eloy Casagrande on the last three dates of the US tour, as the latter could not perform due to a leg injury.[107] Due to a "family emergency", Kisser was temporarily filled in by Jean Patton of Project46 on the summer 2022 European tour;[108] the reason behind this "family emergency" situation turned out to be Kisser's wife Patricia's battle with colon cancer, which she died from on July 3.[109] The band also co-headlined the Klash of the Titans tour in North America with Kreator during the spring of 2023.[110]

Sepultura released a quarantine collaboration album on August 13, 2021, titled SepulQuarta, which includes contributions by members of Megadeth, Testament, Anthrax, System of a Down, Trivium and Sacred Reich.[111][112]

In a July 2022 interview, frontman Derrick Green confirmed that Sepultura would begin working on their next studio album after the tour for Quadra ends, in 2024 at the earliest.[113] They plan to celebrate its 40th anniversary as a band in 2024 with a "special tour", which Kisser said will not include a reunion with Max and Igor Cavalera,[114][115][116][117][118] and commemorate this anniversary with a live album.[119][120] Kisser has also indicated that Sepultura is not expected to release their next studio album before 2025.[121]

Musical style, influences, and legacy

Sepultura has been influenced by a variety of music, including heavy metal and hard rock groups such as Queen, Kiss, Black Sabbath, Judas Priest, Motörhead, Iron Maiden, Scorpions, Venom, Celtic Frost, Twisted Sister and Whitesnake, thrash metal bands Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, Exodus, Testament, Anthrax, Kreator, Sodom and Destruction and death metal bands Possessed and Death. They were also influenced by punk rock music, including bands such as the Ramones, the Sex Pistols, Terveet Kädet, Rattus, Black Flag, Dead Kennedys, Kaaos, Discharge, S.O.D., Amebix and New Model Army.[34][122][123][124][125][126][127] Andreas Kisser has affirmed that "without Slayer, Sepultura would never be possible."[128]

Sepultura's music comes in a wide range of heavy metal musical styles. The band has been described mainly as thrash metal and death metal,[4][129][130][131][132] and considered one of the primary inventors of the latter genre.[133] Another genre the band has been commonly categorized under is groove metal.[134][135] The band later on started experimenting with elements of other musical genres such as hardcore punk, industrial metal,[5] alternative metal,[136] world music[5][134][135] and nu metal.[3]

Elements of Latin music, samba and Brazilian folk and tribal music have also been incorporated into Sepultura's metal style, particularly on Roots. Roots was partly recorded with the indigenous Xavante tribe in Mato Grosso, and incorporates percussion, rhythms, chanting and lyrical themes inspired by the collaboration.[137][138][139]

Looking back on the band's career arc for a 2016 article on Max and Igor Cavalera's retrospective Return to Roots tour (in commemoration of the album's 20th anniversary), Nashville Scene contributor Saby Reyes-Kulkarni observed that "Before Chaos A.D., the overwhelming majority of metal had a 'white' feel to it. Sepultura changed that forever. And with Roots, the band went a step further, asserting once and for all that the genre can accommodate native stylings from any culture, much like jazz had done for decades prior."[140]

MTV has called Sepultura the most successful Brazilian heavy metal band in history and "perhaps the most important heavy metal band of the '90s."[34] In 1993, Robert Baird of Phoenix New Times wrote that the band played "machine-gun-tempo mayhem" and that the members "love to attack organized religion and repressive government."[29]

A number of bands have cited Sepultura as an influence, including Slipknot,[141] Korn,[142] Hatebreed, Alien Weaponry, Krisiun, Gojira, Between the Buried and Me, Xibalba, Vein, Toxic Holocaust, Code Orange, Puya and Nails.[143]

Band members
Main article: List of Sepultura members

Current members
  • Paulo Jr. – bass, backing vocals (1984–present); percussion (1993–1997)
  • Andreas Kisser – lead guitar, backing vocals (1987–present); lead vocals (1996–1998); bass (1987–1992); rhythm guitar (1996–present)
  • Derrick Green – lead vocals (1997–present); percussion (2005–present); additional rhythm guitar (1998–2005)
  • Eloy Casagrande – drums, percussion (2011–present)

Discography
Main article: Sepultura discography

Notes
  1. Despite being credited as bassist on the band's first four albums, the members of Sepultura have stated in interviews that Paulo Jr. had not played on any albums prior to Chaos A.D..[13][14][15][16]

References
  1. Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 17.
  2. Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 16.
  3. Dimery 2006 pg 782, "Drawing on Brazilian Latin and tribal music, nu-metal, and Sepultura's own thrash/death style, the results were unique,"
  4. Darzin, Daina (May 5, 1994). "Sepultura: Chaos A.D." Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 27, 2007. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
  5. Haagsma, Robert (1993). "Sepultura". Aardschok / Metal Hammer. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved May 3, 2008. Archived at Sepultura.be Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  6. Barcinski & Gomes 1999, pages 89 & 90.
  7. "'Thrash Metal' Book Due In September". Blabbermouth.net. June 24, 2007. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  8. "Thrash Flashback: Kreator's 'Pleasure To Kill'". Geeksofdoom.com. July 16, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  9. "Overkill: Ironbound". Popmatters.com. February 11, 2010. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  10. "Programa Nº8 – Rock en Cadena". Rockencadena.home.blog. June 5, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  11. "30 Essential thrash metal bands that aren't the big four". loudersound.com. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
  12. "Flotsam and Jetsam Writing New Album". Ultimate Guitar. June 23, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  13. "MAX CAVALERA Says PAULO JR. Didn't Play Bass On Any Early SEPULTURA Recordings". Blabbermouth.net. December 3, 2010. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  14. "MAX CAVALERA Talks About Getting 'Kicked Out' Of SEPULTURA, Hanging Out With OZZY OSBOURNE". Blabbermouth.net. April 16, 2014. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  15. "SEPULTURA Bassist: Reunion With MAX CAVALERA Would Have To Happen 'Naturally'". Blabbermouth.net. January 31, 2020. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  16. "Hall of Fame Countdown: Sepultura's Arise". Decibel. February 18, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  17. Colmatti 1997, page 22.
  18. "Brazil Metal Act Sepultura Has Stood the Test of Time | Jakarta Globe". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  19. "Legendary Heavy Metal Band Sepultura To Appear At NAMM 2011 AKG Booth For Autograph-Signing Sessions". September 30, 2011. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011.
  20. "Les certifications Albums - Année 1994". Musique sur Disque en France (SNEP). Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved July 8, 2008.
  21. "Les certifications Albums - Année 1997". Musique sur Disque en France (SNEP). Archived from the original on December 17, 2007. Retrieved July 8, 2008.
  22. "Aria Charts - Accreditations - 1997 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved July 8, 2008.
  23. Barcinski & Gomes 1999, pages 109 & 143.
  24. "Gold and Platinum – Searchable Database". RIAA. Retrieved July 8, 2008.
  25. "Sepultura – Dante XXI Certified Gold in Cyprus". Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles. March 21, 2007. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
  26. Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 143.
  27. Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 14.
  28. Chirazi, Steffan (2005). "The Roots of Sepultura". Roots (CD booklet). Sepultura. New York, New York: Roadrunner Records. p. 13.
  29. Baird, Robert (May 12, 1993). "The Boys from Brazil Transplanted to Phoenix, Sepultura Strives for Death Metal with a Conscience". Phoenix New Times. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  30. Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 19.
  31. Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 26.
  32. Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 21.
  33. Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 28.
  34. Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Sepultura: Artist Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  35. Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 49.
  36. Colon, Suzan (August 1, 1991). "Name That Tomb". Miami New Times. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  37. "May 2018 Interview With Derrick Green and Andreas Kisser". Teenyrockers.com.
  38. Terrorizer No. 109 (2003), page 35 (author unknown)
  39. Hinchliffe 2006, page 54
  40. Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Beneath the Remains – Sepultura". AllMusic. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
  41. "Sepultura Tour Dates". metallipromo.com. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  42. "Headbangers Ball- The Unofficial Tribute Site - Episode Database". headbangersballunofficialtributesite.com. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  43. "Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales". Billboard Music Charts. Retrieved October 30, 2008.
  44. "Gold & Platinum - RIAA". riaa.com. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  45. Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 131.
  46. Christe (2003), Sound of the Beast, p. 264, As close to death metal as any other gold-selling record before it, Chaos A.D. stripped down Sepultura's sound into a coarse metallic loop. The CD sold half a million copies, and alongside Pantera the band forged a streetwise, death-derived groove metal that inspired an upcoming generation of mavens in the 1990s.
  47. "They Did It All for the Nookie: Decibel Explores the Rise and Fall of Nu-Metal". Decibel. August 13, 2005. Retrieved December 25, 2016.
  48. Huey, Steve. "Chaos A.D. – Sepultura". AllMusic. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
  49. "25 Years Ago, Sepultura Release Groundbreaking Chaos A.D." Consequence.net. October 19, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  50. "1993: The year Roadrunner Records became an unstoppable force". loudersound.com. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  51. "25 Years Ago, Sepultura Release Groundbreaking Chaos A.D." Yahoo! News. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  52. Huey, Steve. "Roots – Sepultura". AllMusic. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
  53. Rock Sound Issue 15576:pg 56. Sepultura: what really happened in London?
  54. Pratt, Greg (August 2011). "Sepultura: Troops of Doom". Exclaim!. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  55. "ANDREAS KISSER Says CHUCK BILLY's SEPULTURA Audition Tape Was 'Interesting'". Blabbermouth.net. December 15, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  56. "ANDREAS KISSER Recalls CHUCK BILLY's SEPULTURA Audition: 'He Did A Great Job' (Audio)". Blabbermouth.net. August 3, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  57. "Metal/Hard Rock Album Sales In The US As Reported By SoundScan". Archived from the original on June 6, 2011.
  58. Smith, Kerry L. (March 20, 2001). "( Nation > Overview )". AllMusic. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
  59. Henderson, Alex (August 26, 2003). "( Roorback > Overview )". AllMusic. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
  60. Prato, Greg (March 14, 2006). "Dante XXI – Sepultura". AllMusic. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
  61. "There will be no Sepultura reunion i2007". Blabbermouth.net. November 15, 2006. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved July 13, 2007.
  62. "Sepultura Performs at Latin Grammy Awards; Video Available". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. November 14, 2008. Archived from the original on October 16, 2009. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
  63. "Sepultura to Perform New Song at Latin Grammy Awards in Houston". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. November 10, 2008. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
  64. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Sepultura em comercial da Volkswagen (novo Voyage)". YouTube. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
  65. Henderson, Alex (January 27, 2009). "( A-Lex > Review )". AllMusic. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
  66. Giroux, Annick (2009). Hellbent for Cooking: The Heavy Metal Cookbook. New York: Bazillion Points Books. ISBN 978-0-9796163-7-2.
  67. "MetallicaHQ.com". MetallicaHQ.com. January 12, 2010. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
  68. "SEPULTURA's 'A-Lex' To Be Re-Released With Two New Tracks". Archived from the original on June 6, 2011.
  69. "SEPULTURA Signs With NUCLEAR BLAST RECORDS". Archived from the original on May 30, 2012.
  70. "Sepultura Definitely Not Reuniting With Cavalera Brothers -- Video".
  71. "SEPULTURA Writing New Material On The Road". Archived from the original on August 8, 2010.
  72. Prakash KL (August 3, 2010). "Sepultura's new album is in pipeline – oneindia entertainment". Entertainment.oneindia.in. Archived from the original on June 4, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
  73. "SEPULTURA Taps Producer ROY Z. For New Album". Archived from the original on November 30, 2010.
  74. "Exclusive: New SEPULTURA Album Title Revealed". Archived from the original on March 5, 2011.
  75. "SEPULTURA Completes Recording New Album; Lays Down MINISTRY, THE PRODIGY Covers". Archived from the original on March 4, 2011.
  76. "Brazilian Guitarist Andreas Kisser: "The Spirit Of Sepultura Is Still Very Much Alive"".
  77. "SEPULTURA To Film Concert DVD With French Percussive Group LES TAMBOURS DU BRONX". Blabbermouth.net. August 14, 2012.
  78. Egging, Kiel (April 9, 2013). "Sepultura Reunite With 'Roots' Producer Ross Robinson For New LP". Music Feeds. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  79. Pasbani, Robert (June 14, 2013). "Dave Lombardo To Guest On The Upcoming Sepultura Record". Metal Injection. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  80. "SEPULTURA: 'Relentless: Thirty Years Of Sepultura' Biography Due In December". Blabbermouth.net. October 13, 2014.
  81. "Guitartalks.com.br". Guitartalks.com.br.
  82. "CAMION BLANC : L'éditeur qui véhicule le rock !". Camionblanc.com.
  83. Dias, Tiago (September 22, 2013). "Zé Ramalho ganha prestígio no dia do metal e toca com "Zépultura" no Sunset 28". UOL Música (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Grupo Folha. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  84. Albuquerque, Carlos (September 22, 2013). "Crítica: Sepultura com Zé Ramalho dá certo e gera um fruto cantado pelo público: Zépultura". O Globo (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Grupo Globo. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  85. Canônico, Marco Aurélio (September 22, 2013). "Rock in Rio 2013: 'Zépultura' domina o Palco Sunset". Veja (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Grupo Abril. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  86. de Castro, Yuri (September 22, 2013). "Em grande encontro, Sepultura e Zé Ramalho viram 'Zépultura'". Folha de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Grupo Folha. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  87. "Sepultura's Andreas Kisser: Celebrating 30 Years Of Band's History Is 'A Very Special Moment'". Blabbermouth.net. June 23, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
  88. "SEPULTURA Taps Producer JENS BOGREN For Next Album". Blabbermouth.net. April 5, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  89. "Sepultura To Release 'Machine Messiah' Album In January". Blabbermouth.net. October 28, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
  90. "Kreator To Tour Europe With Sepultura, Soilwork, Aborted". Blabbermouth.net. May 11, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
  91. "Testament To Tour North America With Sepultura, Prong; Blabbermouth.net Presale Available". Blabbermouth.net. December 5, 2016. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
  92. "Sepultura To Tour Europe With Obscura, Goatwhore, Fit For An Autopsy". Blabbermouth.net. October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  93. "Sepultura Announces Australian Tour Dates". metalunderground.com. November 20, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  94. "SEPULTURA Announces World Premiere Of Official Documentary 'Sepultura Endurance'". Blabbermouth.net. May 5, 2017.
  95. "MAX And IGOR CAVALERA Refused To Allow Early SEPULTURA Music To Be Used In Official Documentary". Blabbermouth.net. May 25, 2017.
  96. "SEPULTURA Has Already Demoed A 'Few Songs' For Follow-Up To 'Machine Messiah' Album". Blabbermouth.net. August 6, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  97. "SEPULTURA: No New Studio Album Before 2020". Blabbermouth.net. August 29, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  98. "SEPULTURA To Record New Album In August; February 2020 Release Planned". Blabbermouth.net. May 6, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
  99. "SEPULTURA Unveils 'Quadra' Album Artwork, Performs New Song 'Isolation' For First Time (Video)". Blabbermouth.net. October 5, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  100. "SEPULTURA Explains 'Quadra' Album Concept". Blabbermouth.net. October 7, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  101. "Video Premiere: SEPULTURA's 'Isolation'". Blabbermouth.net. November 8, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  102. "DERRICK GREEN Plays First SEPULTURA Concert In Two Years With Broken Foot (Video)". Blabbermouth.net. December 14, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  103. "SEPULTURA Announces 'North American Quadra' 2022 Tour With SACRED REICH And CROWBAR". Blabbermouth.net. July 29, 2021. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  104. "SEPULTURA Announces Fall 2021 European Tour With SACRED REICH And CROWBAR". Blabbermouth.net. December 14, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  105. "SEPULTURA Announces North American Tour With SACRED REICH, CROWBAR; BLABBERMOUTH.NET Presale Available". Blabbermouth.net. December 17, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  106. "SEPULTURA Postpones European Tour Due To 'Uncertainty' With Ever-Changing COVID-19 Restrictions". Blabbermouth.net. February 13, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  107. "SEPULTURA Recruits ANGRA Drummer BRUNO VALVERDE For Last Three Shows Of U.S. Tour". Blabbermouth.net. April 5, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  108. "SEPULTURA's ANDREAS KISSER Leaves European Tour Due To 'Family Emergency'; Temporary Replacement Announced". Blabbermouth.net. April 5, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
  109. "SEPULTURA Guitarist ANDREAS KISSER Is Mourning Death Of His Wife". Blabbermouth.net. July 4, 2022. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
  110. "KREATOR And SEPULTURA Announce Spring 2023 North American Tour With DEATH ANGEL". Blabbermouth.net. January 16, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  111. "SEPULTURA To Release 'SepulQuarta' Album Of Quarantine Collaborations". Blabbermouth.net. December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  112. "SEPULTURA Announces Details Of 'SepulQuarta' Album Of Quarantine Collaborations". Blabbermouth.net. June 4, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  113. "DERRICK GREEN Says SEPULTURA Won't Start Thinking About New Studio Album Until 2023 At The Earliest". Blabbermouth.net. July 5, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  114. https://www.rockbizz.com.br/iggor-e-max-cavalera-nao-serao-convidados-para-festa-de-40-anos-do-sepultura-para-estragar-a-festa-disse-andreas-kisser/
  115. https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/sepulturas_andreas_kisser_rules_out_reunion_with_max_and_igor_cavalera_for_40th_anniversary_celebration.html
  116. https://metaladdicts.com/sepulturas-andreas-kisser-dismisses-possibility-of-reunion-with-cavalera-brothers-for-bands-40th-anniversary/
  117. https://www.metalsucks.net/2023/08/08/sepulturas-40th-anniversary-celebration-wont-include-the-cavalera-brothers/
  118. https://metalinjection.net/news/andreas-kisser-on-sepultura-reuniting-with-max-igorr-for-their-upcoming-anniversary-why-would-we-do-that-to-ruin-the-party
  119. "SEPULTURA To Celebrate 40th Anniversary In 2024 With New Live Album". Blabbermouth.net. August 22, 2023. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
  120. https://blabbermouth.net/news/sepulturas-andreas-kisser-on-upcoming-40th-anniversary-live-album-its-exciting
  121. https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/andreas_kisser_says_sepultura_will_focus_on_40th_anniversary_no_plans_for_new_album.html
  122. "Sepultura - Similar Artists". AllMusic. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  123. "Testament - Similar Artists". AllMusic. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  124. "Five Noteworthy Facts You May Not Know about Sepultura". exclaim.ca. August 9, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  125. "Sepultura's Andreas Kisser: 'We Don't Try To Create Clones Or Try To Follow Formulas'". Blabbermouth.net. November 7, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  126. "ANDREAS KISSER: How TESTAMENT Influenced SEPULTURA". Blabbermouth.net. February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  127. "Sepultura's Andreas Kisser: 10 Albums That Changed My Life". loudersound.com. May 29, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  128. "Andreas Kisser: "Without Slayer, Sepultura Would Never Be Possible"". Blabbermouth.net. May 29, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  129. "Sepultura". About.com Entertainment. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
  130. Avelar, Idelber (2011). "Otherwise National: Locality and Power in the Art of Sepultura". In Wallach, Jeremy; Berger, Harris M.; Greene, Paul D. (eds.). Metal Rules the Globe: Heavy Metal Music Around the World. Duke University Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-8223-4733-0.
  131. Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Schizophrenia - Sepultura". AllMusic. Retrieved May 11, 2005.
  132. "Sepultura - Kairos - REVIEW". Chris Ward. June 12, 2011. Archived from the original on December 3, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  133. "Sepultura - Death Metal [Death Metal Underground: Black Metal, Death Metal, Grindcore, Speed/Power Metal, Thrash and Doom Metal reviews, discographies, mp3 samples, tracklists and images]". www.deathmetal.org. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
  134. "Ankla". PopMatters. April 11, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
  135. Best Sepultura Albums by Dan Marsicano - Retrieved on 11/20/2014 Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  136. "Alternative Metal". AllMusic.
  137. "Greetings From the Third World: Revisiting Sepultura's Genre-Changing 'Roots'". PopMatters. March 30, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  138. Epstein, Dan (September 9, 2016). "Max and Iggor Cavalera Talk Revisiting Sepultura's 'Roots' for Tour". Rolling Stone. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  139. "Há 20 anos, visita a índios e choque cultural criavam clássico do Sepultura". musica.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  140. "Roots Run Deep: Twenty Years Later, Sepultura Founders Max and Iggor Cavalera Perform Their Former Band's Pinnacle Album in Full". Nashville Scene. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  141. "SEPULTURA Is Still Working On Securing Worldwide Release For Official Documentary". Blabbermouth. August 11, 2018. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  142. PASBANI, ROBERT. "Jonathan Davis: SEPULTURA's Roots Was Blatant KORN Ripoff". Metal Injection. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  143. Krovatin, Chris. "11 BANDS WHO WOULDN'T BE HERE WITHOUT SEPULTURA". Kerrang!. Retrieved September 2, 2019.

Bibliography
  • Anonymous (May 2003). Beneath the Remains. In: A Megaton Hit Parade: The All-Time Thrash Top 20. Terrorizer No. 109, page 35.
  • Barcinski, André & Gomes, Silvio (1999). Sepultura: Toda a História. São Paulo: Ed. 34. ISBN 85-7326-156-0
  • Colmatti, Andréa (1997). Sepultura: Igor Cavalera. Modern Drummer Brasil, 6, 18–26, 28–30.
  • Hinchliffe, James (December 2006). Beneath the Remains. In: Death Metal|The DM Top 40. Terrorizer No. 151, page 54.
  • Lemos, Anamaria (1993). Caos Desencanado. Bizz, 98, 40–45.
  • Schwarz, Paul (2005). Morbid Visions. In: The First Wave. Terrorizer, 128, 42.
  • Sepultura (1996). Roots. [CD]. New York, NY: Roadrunner Records. The 25th Anniversary Series (2-CD Reissue, 2005).
  • Thoroddsen, Arnar (2006). Dimery, Robert (ed.). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Quintet Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7893-1371-5.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sepultura.
Look up sepultura in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.