Serbo-Croatian kinship

The Serbo-Croatian standard languages (Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin) have one of the more elaborate kinship (srodstvo) systems among European languages. Terminology may differ from place to place. Most words are common to other Slavic languages, though some derive from Turkish. The standardized languages may recognize slightly different pronunciations or dialectical forms; all terms are considered standard in all language standards, unless otherwise marked: [S] (Serbian), [C] (Croatian), [B] (Bosnian) and [M] (Montenegrin) below.

There are four main types of kinship in the family: biological a.k.a. blood kinship, kinship by law (in-laws), spiritual kinship (such as godparents), and legal kinship through adoption and remarriage.[1]

As is common in many rural family structures, three generations of a family will live together in a home in what anthropologists call a joint family structure, where parents, their son(s), and grandchildren would cohabit in a family home.[2]

Direct descendance and ancestry

Words for relations up to five generations removed—great-great-grandparents and great-great-grandchildren—are in common use. The fourth-generation terms are also used as generics for ancestors and descendants. There is no distinction between the maternal and paternal line.

LatinCyrillicRelation
čukununuka
šukununuka [C]
чукунунука
шукунунука [C]
great-great-granddaughter
čukununuk
šukununuk [C]
чукунунук
шукунунук [C]
great-great-grandson
praunukaпраунукаgreat-granddaughter, descendant
praunukпраунукgreat-grandson, descendant
unukaунукаgranddaughter
unukунукgrandson
kćer
kćerka
ćerka
kći
кћер
кћерка
ћерка
кћи
daughter
sinсинson
majka
mater
mati
мајка
матер
мати
mother
mama
keva
мама
кева
mom
otacотацfather
babo [B]
ćaća [C]
ćale [S]
tajo [M]
tata
бабо [B]
ћаћа [C]
ћале [S]
тајо [M]
тата
dad
baba
baka
nana [B]
nona
баба
бака
нана [B]
нона
grandmother
ded(a)
deka [S]
did(a) [C]
dido
djed
đed [M]
nono [C]
dedo [B]
дед(a)
дека [S]
дид(a) [C]
дидо
дјед
ђед [M]
ноно [C]
дедо [B]
grandfather
prababa
prabaka
прабаба
прабака
great-grandmother, ancestor
praded(a)
pradid(a) [C]
pradido
pradjed
prađed [M]
прадед(a)
прадид(a) [C]
прадидо
прадјед
прађед [M]
great-grandfather, ancestor
čukunbaba
šukunbaka [C]
чукунбаба
шукунбака [C]
great-great-grandmother
čukunded(a)
čukundjed
čukunđed [M]
šukundid(a) [C]
šukundjed [C]
чукундед(a)
чукундјед
чукунђед [M]
шукундид(a) [C]
шукундјед [C]
great-great-grandfather[3]
predakinja [S]
pretkinja [C]
pređa [M]
предакиња [S]
преткиња [C]
пређа [M]
female ancestor
predakпредакmale ancestor

Own generation

Diminutive forms of siblings are used for cousins.

LatinCyrillicEnglish translation
bratбратbrother
sestraсестраsister
bratić [C] братић [C] male first cousin
sestrična [C] сестрична [C] female first cousin
brat od strica
stričević
amidžić
брат од стрица
стричевић
амиџић
male cousin (always first or second), son of father's brother (or male first cousin)
brat od daja
brat od ujaka
daidžić
ujčević
брат од даја
брат од ујака
даиџић
ујчевић
male cousin (always first or second), son of mother's brother (or male first cousin)
brat od hale
brat od tetke
tetić
tetkić
tetišnji
брат од хале
брат од тетке
тетић
теткић
тетишњи
male cousin (always first or second), son of mother's or father's sister (or female first cousin)
sestra od strica
stričevka
admidžišnja
сестра од стрица
стричевићка
амиџишња
female cousin (always first or second), daughter of father's brother (or male first cousin)
sestra od daja
sestra od ujaka
ujčevka
daidžišnja
сестра од даја
сестра од ујака
даиџишња
ујчевићка
female cousin (always first or second), daughter of mother's brother (or male first cousin)
sestra od hale
sestra od tetke
tetišnja
сестра од хале
сестра од тетке
тетишња
female cousin (always first or second), daughter of mother's or father's sister (or female first cousin)
rođakрођакmale cousin, relative
rođaka [S]
rođakinja
rodica [C]
рођака [S]
рођакиња
родица [C]
female cousin, relative

There are separate terms for maternal and paternal uncles, but not for aunts. In addition, spouses of uncles and aunts have their own terms.

LatinCyrillicRelation
amidža
adžo
stric
čiča
čika
ćić
амиџа
аџо
стриц
чича
чика
ћић
paternal uncle
amidžinica
adžinica
strina
амиџиница
аџиница
стрина
paternal uncle's wife
daidža / dajdža
dajo
ujak
даиџа / дајџа
дајо
ујак
maternal uncle
daidžinica / dajdžinica
dajnica
ujna
даиџиница / дајџиница
дајница
ујна
maternal uncle's wife; i.e. maternal aunt through marriage
hala
tetka
хала
тетка
aunt (only mother's or father's sister or cousin)
teča [S]
tetak
теча [S]
тетак
aunt's husband (where aunt defined as "tetka")
bratanacбратанацfraternal nephew (for women[S], for men and women[C])
bratanić
bratić
братанић
братић
fraternal nephew (for men and women)
sinovacсиновацfraternal nephew (for men[S])
bratanica
brataničina
bratičina
братаница
братаничина
братичина
fraternal niece
nećakнећакnephew
nećaka
nećakinja
нећака
нећакиња
niece
sestrićсестрићsororal nephew
sestričinaсестричинаsororal niece

In-laws

There are separate terms for a man's and a woman's parents-in-law. However, the same terms are commonly used for siblings-in-law and children-in-law. There are separate terms for co-siblings-in-law.

LatinCyrillicRelationEnglish translation
svekarсвекарhusband's fatherfather-in-law
svekrvaсвекрваhusband's mothermother-in-law
punac [C]
tast[S]
пунац [C]
таст [S]
wife's fatherfather-in-law
punica [C]
tašta[S]
пуница [C]
ташта [S]
wife's mothermother-in-law
zetзетdaughter's or sister's husbandson-in-law or brother-in-law
nev(j)esta
odiva [M]
snaha
snaja [C, S]
нев(ј)еста
одива [M]
снаха
снаjа [C, S]
son's or brother's wifedaughter-in-law or sister-in-law
šura(k)
šurjak[C]
šogor[C]
шура(к)
шурjак [C]
шогор [C]
wife's brotherbrother-in-law
šurjakinja[C]
šurnjaja
шурјакиња[C]
шурњаја
wife's brother's wifesister-in-law
svastika
šogorica [C]
свастика
шогорица [C]
wife's sistersister-in-law
svastićсвастићwife's sister's sonnephew-in-law
svastičinaсвастичинаwife's sister's daughterniece-in-law
badženjak
badžo
d(j)ever
đever [M]
баџењак
баџо
д(j)евер
ђевер [M]
husband's brotherbrother-in-law
jetrvaјетрваhusband's brother's wifeco-sister-in-law
zaovaзаоваhusband's sistersister-in-law
zaovacзаовацhusband's sister's husbandco-brother-in-law
pašanac
pašenog
badžo
пашанац
пашеног
баџо
wife's sister's husbandco-brother-in-law
prijaпријаchild's spouse's motherco-mother-in-law
prijateljпријатељchild's spouse's fatherco-father-in-law; N.B. the exactly same word means "friend" (general word)

Step-relatives

There are spouses of ancestors that are not blood relatives and their spouse's descendants, second spouse of father's or mother's siblings (paternal or maternal step-aunts and step-uncles) and their children.

LatinCyrillicRelation
očuhочухstepfather
maćehaмаћехаstepmother
pastorakпасторакstepson
pastorka
pastorkinja
пасторка
пасторкиња
stepdaughter
polubratполубратhalf-brother (through only one parent)
brat po ocuбрат по оцуhalf-brother (sharing same father, different mothers)
brat po majciбрат по мајциhalf-brother (sharing same mother, different fathers)
polusestraполусестраhalf-sister (through only one parent)
sestra po ocuсестра по оцуhalf-sister (sharing same father, different mothers)
sestra po majciсестра по мајциhalf-sister (sharing same mother, different fathers)

Foster-relatives

Foster relations are important and have dedicated terms.

LatinCyrillicRelation
usvojenikусвојеникadopted son
usvojenicaусвојеницаadopted daughter
poočimпоочимfoster-father
pomajkaпомајкаfoster-mother
posinak
usinjenik [S]
посинак
усињеник [S]
foster-son
po(k)ćerkaпо(к)ћеркаfoster-daughter

References

  1. "Obitelj, Brak, Srodstvo | PDF". Scribd. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  2. Schweizer, Thomas; White, Douglas; White, Douglas R.; Granovetter, Mark (1998-06-13). Kinship, Networks, and Exchange. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59021-1.
    • (in English)Svetozar Brkić, Živojin Simić (1993) English–Serbian and Serbian–English dictionary

Further reading

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