Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam

Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam (Arabic: الشبلي - أم الغنم, Hebrew: שִׁבְּלִי-אֻם אל-עַ'נַם) is an Arab town at the foot of Mount Tabor in Israel's Northern District. In 2021 it had a population of 6,279.[1]

Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam
  • שִׁבְּלִי-אֻם אל-עַ'נַם‎
  • الشبلي - أم الغنم
Local council (from 1992)
Hebrew transcription(s)
 • ISO 259Šibbli - ʔumm ˀel-Ránem
(Israeli pronunciation)
View of Shibli
View of Shibli
Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam is located in Northeast Israel
Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam
Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam
Coordinates: 32°41′03″N 35°23′49″E
Grid position186/231 PAL
CountryIsrael
DistrictNorthern District
Founded1992
Area
 • Total2,879 dunams (2.879 km2 or 1.112 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[1]
 • Total6,279
 • Density2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi)
Name meaningKhirbet Umm el Ghanem = The ruin with the sheep[2]

History

Archaeological excavations east of the village have revealed flint from the Mousterian culture, several knapped using the Levallois technique.[3]

Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here.[4]

Ottoman era

In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman empire with the rest of Palestine, and in the 1596 tax-records it appeared as Um al-Ganam, located in the Nahiya of Tabariyya, part of Safad Sanjak. The population was 8 households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley and summer crops, in addition to occasional revenues, and goats and beehives; a total of 1,910 akçe.[5][6]

In 1875, Victor Guérin found here "several ancient cisterns, still unbroken, and ancient caves cut in rock, which now serve as refuge for shepherds."[7] In 1881 the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine found at Kh. Umm el Ghanem: "Heaps of stones, a few of which are hewn, all of small size, one small cave and one cistern."[8]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Umm al Ghanam had a population of 52, all Muslims.[9] In the 1931 census the population of Umm al-Ghanam was counted with that of Reineh, together they had 1015 inhabitants in a total of 243 houses.[10]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Umm al-Ghanam was counted with that of Mount Tabor, and their total land area was 8,409 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[11][12] Of this, 232 dunams were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 6,215 for cereals,[13] while a total of 1,962 dunams were classified as non-cultivable land.[14]

State of Israel

The town was formed in 1992 as a result of a municipal merger of the villages of Shibli and Umm al-Ghanam.

Shibli High School is attended by 270 Arab students, Special educational programs introduced at the school have boosted the Bagrut matriculation pass rate and percentage of graduates attending university.[15]

Jordan Lead Codices
Main article: Jordan Lead Codices

The so-called Jordan Lead Codices are considered by Israeli and Jordanian specialists to be fakes.

Hassan Saida of Shibli–Umm Al-Ghanam owns a collection of small cast lead books featuring what is believed to be the first-ever portrait of Jesus. The books are thought to have been created by followers of Jesus in the first decades after his crucifixion. The books, containing cryptic messages in Hebrew and ancient Greek, have been in Saida's family since they were found by his great-grandfather.[16]

See also

References
  1. "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  2. Palmer, 1881, p. 130
  3. Tepper, 2015, ‘Ein Umm el-Ghanam
  4. Dauphin, 1998, p. 731
  5. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 189
  6. Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
  7. Guérin, 1880, p. 140; as given in Conder and Kitchener, SWP I, p. 409
  8. Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 409
  9. Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Nazareth, p. 38
  10. Mills, 1932, p.73
  11. Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 8
  12. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 62
  13. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 110
  14. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 160
  15. "Shibli High School", World ORT, Archived 2014-12-20 at the Wayback Machine
  16. Lost for 2,000 years... Could this be the first portrait of Jesus?

Bibliography
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