Shmankivtsi

Antiquities of the Trypillia culture (4000 – 3000 BC), the Noah culture (14th – 11th centuries BC), the Holigrady culture (11th – 7th centuries BC), Chernyakhov culture (2nd – 5th centuries AD) and the Luka Raikovetska culture (7th – 10th centuries AD),[3] settlements and an ancient burial ground were found in the village. The medieval period is associated with the discovery of various bronze and silver jewellery, including rings, beads, necklaces, and tiara plaques,[5] dating from the 16th–17th centuries.[6][7]

In a multi-volume edition of records which were in the archives of the Bernardine monastery in Lviv, is the first known mention of the village Shmankivtsi. According to the act of July 16, 1449, which was registered in Terebovlia, Zimgund Kerdei received the above-mentioned village.[8]

In 1469 there was a revision of the deeds of possession of property in Russia.[9]

According to the 1563–1564 tax register, an Orthodox church owned by Liantskoronskyi was recorded in Shmankivtsi.[10]

On September 29, 1485, the Polish King and Grand Duke of Lithuania Casimir IV Jagiellon issued a deed confirming the sale by Jan Freder of Pleszewicz to the Buczacki brothers of half the village of Shmankivtsi in Skal County on the Sarnek River for 200 hryvnias and two horses worth 50 hryvnias;[11][12][13] the settlement was acquired by the Buczacki brother magnates of the coat of arms of Abdank.[14]

In 1609, the Russian voivode Stanislav Golsky gave Martsin Makovetskyi a folwark in Shmankivtsi, the smaller halves that Makovetsky occupied under the right of life from Nikolai Buchatsky.[15]

On February 22, 1610, the Russian voivode and bar elder Stanislav Golsky, having invited the Dominican monks of Shmankivtsi, founded[16] a Dominican monastery with a church called the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Stanislaus in Chortkiv. The monastery was allocated a large part of the village of Shmankivtsi with rates: the first, Mlynsky; the second, at the Court; the third, Stone; the fourth, Matseyevsky; and the fifth, Demyanovsky. Stanislaw Liantskoronski from Brzez and Jan and Mykola Potocki from Potok also gave the monastery their units in this village.[17] On February 3, 1622, the Dominicans received another piece of Shmankivtsi land as a gift from Jan and Mykola Potocki.[18]

In 1623, Zofia of Brzez, wife of Mykola Churyl of Goraj, sister and heiress of the Podolsk voivode Stanislaw Lyantskoronsky, ceded her ancestral estates to the village of Shmankivtsi, smaller and larger, and Shvaikivtsi to Paweł Kełpiński and his heirs.[15]

On February 6, 1624, a battle took place near Shmankivtsi between the Polish army under the command of Stanislaw Koniecpolski and the Tatar horde.[19]

On November 26, 1624, Dominican monks from Chortkiv, together with Paweł Kełpiński, a neighbor of the village of Shmankivtsi, decided to build a castle here to defend against the Tatars,[20][21] which in the next century was dismantled and the material was used to build walls around the church, monastery and garden in Chortkiv.[20][22] In 1624, all the treasures from the Shmankivtsi monastery were transferred to Chortkiv.[23]

In 1627, Pavel Kelpinsky ceded his estates to the Łuków hunter Martsin Makovetsky.[15] In 1644, Gabriel Kelpinsky, son of Martsin, ceded his estates to Shmankivtsi, located in Kamianets County, Podil Voivodeship, which he inherited after the death of his brother Paul in its entirety and with all benefits, in favor of Krzysztof Kelpinsky and his legal heirs; all processes on his part were released and the act of donation was confirmed by an oath.[24] In 1653, Vaclav Kelpinsky, son of Stanislaw and brother of Jan Kelpinsky, his estates in the village of Shmankivtsi and other immovable and movable property, which he inherited from his father and mother and from his brother, were ceded to his cousins Adam and Felician Kelpinsky. Claims for those estates were waived and the deed of gift was confirmed by an oath.[25] In 1661, Adam, son of Gabriel Kelpinsky, deeded his estates Shmankivtsi and Shmankivchyky, which remained after the death of his father Pavel Kelpinsky, to Gabriel Silnitsky in Silnitsy, Lviv hunter and company commander.[26]

On July 26, 1671, Ulrich von Werdum called the village Chernihiv; while here with a military convoy, he noted in his diary that "this village had a castle, which a few days ago, after a long defense, the Tatars stormed and killed all the people, not sparing women and children. The people of Verdum saw the bodies of the slain who had not yet been buried."[27]

In 1672, Gabriel Silnitsky, a castellan from Chernihiv, ceded his estates – the villages of Shmankivtsi and Shmankivchyky – to Stanislav Makovetsky, the Letychiv mayor, and his heirs.[15]

In 1710, a tax on a quarter and a half of the smoke from the village of Shmankivtsi was levied on the maintenance of the garrison in the Okopa Holy Trinity Fortress.[28] In 1724, the noble Józef Potocki donated his estate – part of the village of Shmankivtsi – to the monastery of the Chortkiv Dominicans.[29]

Shmankivtsi's estate was also attacked by the nobility. In particular, the innkeeper[30] cornet player Konstanty Lyantskoronsky, led by two hundred armed men, "maimed two priests and one brother; and Fr. Francis[31] Pieszkowski[32][33] tied to a horse, ran half a mile".[31] Tomasz Makovecki, a hunter from Lukiv, was no less cruel: his subjects beat the monks, tied them up, put them on a cart and took them out of the village. For these shameful actions, the men received sentences: Lyantskoronsky on December 2, 1740, and Tomasz Makowiecki on December 17, 1754. On December 1, 1755, the Uniate Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia, and All Rus Leo Szeptycki announced the excommunication (anathema) of them and their subjects who had taken part in the attacks.[34]

In 1784, construction began on the wooden church of Cosmas and Damian, which was completed in 1785.[35][36]

In 1785, 561 people lived in the village.

In the early 19th century, the Dominicans owned a farm with more than a hundred hectares of Shmankivtsi land. The farm was wooden. It had large rooms with two vanquiers, shingles, and a floor made of boards; it needed repair, as well as the nearby chapel.[37]

Jan Ksaveriy Mushynsky from Shmankivtsi married Karolina Kulchytska in 1842.[38]

• 
  Shmankivtsi on the topographic map of Friedrich von Mig, late 18th century
• 
  Shmankivtsi on the Austrian topographic map, 1861–1864.
• 
  Shmankivtsi on the Austrian topographic map, 1869–1887.

In 1900 there were 1229 inhabitants in Shmankivtsi, in 1910, 1201; in 1921, 1127; in 1931, 1112; in 1921, 255 households; in 1931, 235.

During the First World War, residents of the village Vasyl Solodkyi and Frants Shyderyk joined the Legion of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen; Antin Slota fought in the Ukrainian Galician Army.

In 2019, at the 40-meter height of the tower of the Chortkiv Church, archaeologist and researcher of fortifications and antiquities Volodymyr Dobrianskyi discovered a shrapnel shell detonator, and according to its flight trajectory determined that the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 7th cannon regiments (64 guns) under the command of Ataman Kyrylo Karas during the Chortkiv offensive (June 7–28, 1919) were stationed in the woods west of the village.[39]

In 1927–1928, many residents of Shmankivtsi emigrated to Canada and other countries.

For some time Shmankivtsi was the center of the commune of the same name. From August 1, 1934[40] to 1939, the village belonged to the Kolyndiany Gmima.

After the Soviet annexation in September 1939, the Soviet authorities (NKVD authorities) arrested 26 villagers, including:[41]

During the Second World War there was a military airfield in Shmankivtsi.[43]

From June 1941 to March 1944, the village was under Nazi occupation.[44]

During the German–Soviet war, 67 residents of Shmankivtsi died or went missing in the Red Army, including:

In 1954, a large-scale fire broke out on Strilka Street.[45]

On May 26, 1991, the first Chervona kalyna festivals and the unveiling of the statue to Stepan Charnetskyi took place.[46]

In the night of July 4–5, 2000, a natural disaster struck the village, causing material damage to the villagers.

In 2005, Nadiia Morykvas published the book Melankholiia of Stepan Charnetskyi.[47]

On November 3, 2013, residents of Strilka Street celebrated her day.[45]

For two days, on September 3–4, 2016, in the fields of the village, a plane sprayed sunflower fields with pests from an agricultural company that leases shares from peasants from Shmankivtsi and neighboring villages. As a result, the vegetables burned, the fruit trees dropped their leaves, and several people were hospitalized with poisoning by an unknown substance.[48][49][50][51]

In May 2019, 600 meters (2,000 ft) of the C201609 Shvaikivtsi-Zalissia district highway and a memorial to fellow villagers killed in the German-Soviet war were renovated in the village.[52] On May 26, a festive prayer was held on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Chapel of St. Nicholas.[53]

The first case of coronavirus disease was detected in the village on October 7, 2020.[54] As of July 27, 2021, 55 cases were laboratory confirmed in Shmankivtsi, one of which was fatal.[55]

Since November 27, 2020, Shmankivtsi has been part of the Zavodske settlement hromada. On November 12, 2021, the Shmankivskyi Starostynsky District was formed with its center in the village of Shmankivtsi.[56]

• St. Nicholas (1869)
• worship chapel (1890, restored 2016)
• Mother of God (1990)
• on the occasion of the proclamation of Independence of Ukraine (1992)

In 1940, a collective farm was forcibly organized, which resumed its work in 1948.

Among the agricultural enterprises were the Maiak agricultural share farm, Zlahoda private agricultural enterprise, Mriia-2000 private agricultural enterprise; today there is the Parostok private agricultural enterprise.[76]

In the village also lives a farmer, Yurii Zakharchuk, who raises astrakhan sheep and cooks cheese.[77]