André Previn

André George Previn KBE (/ˈprɛvɪn/; born Andreas Ludwig Priwin; April 6, 1929 – February 28, 2019)[1][2] was a German-American pianist, composer, and conductor. His career had three major genres: Hollywood films, jazz, and classical music. In each he achieved success, and the latter two were part of his life until the end. In movies, he arranged and composed music. In jazz, he was a celebrated trio pianist, a piano-accompanist to singers of standards, and pianist-interpreter of songs from the "Great American Songbook". In classical music, he also performed as a pianist but gained television fame as a conductor, and during his last thirty years created his legacy as a composer of art music.

André Previn
KBE
Previn in 1973
Previn in 1973
Background information
Birth nameAndreas Ludwig Priwin
Born(1929-04-06)April 6, 1929
Berlin, Weimar Republic
DiedFebruary 28, 2019(2019-02-28) (aged 89)
New York City, U.S.
Occupation(s)
  • Pianist
  • conductor
  • composer
Years active1943–2019
Organizations
Spouses
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(m. 1952; div. 1957)​
    ​
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    (m. 1959; div. 1970)​
      ​
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      (m. 1970; div. 1979)​
        Heather Mary Hales
        ​
        ​
        (m. 1982; div. 1999)​
          ​
          ​
          (m. 2002; div. 2006)​
          Children10 (7 biological, 3 adopted)

          Before the age of twenty, Previn began arranging and composing for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He would go on to be involved in the music of more than fifty films and would win four Academy Awards. He won ten Grammy Awards, for recordings in all three areas of his career, and then one more, for lifetime achievement. He served as music director of the Houston Symphony Orchestra (1967–1969), principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra (1968–1979), music director of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (1976–1984), of the Los Angeles Philharmonic (1985–1989), chief conductor of the Royal Philharmonic (1985–1992), and, after an avowed break from salaried posts, chief conductor of the Oslo Philharmonic (2002–2006). He also enjoyed a warm relationship with the Vienna Philharmonic.

          Early life

          Previn was born in Berlin to a Jewish family, the second son and last of three children of Charlotte (née Epstein) and Jack Previn, who was a lawyer, judge, and music teacher born in Graudenz, then in Germany but now in Poland.[3][4][5] The oldest son Steve Previn became a director. The year of Previn's birth is disputed.[1] Whereas most published reports give 1929,[1] Previn himself stated that 1930 was his birth year.[6] All three children received piano lessons and Previn was the one who enjoyed them from the start and displayed the most talent. At six, he enrolled at the Berlin Conservatory.[3] In 1938, Previn's father was told that his son was no longer welcome at the conservatory, despite André receiving a full scholarship in recognition of his abilities, on the grounds that he was Jewish.[3]

          In 1938, the family had applied for American visas and during the nine-month wait to obtain them, left Berlin for Paris. Previn's father enrolled his son into the Conservatoire de Paris where André learned music theory.[7] On October 20, 1938, the family left Paris and sailed to New York City. Their journey continued to Los Angeles, arriving on November 26.[8][9] His father's second cousin Charles Previn was music director for Universal Studios.[5] Previn became a naturalized US citizen in 1943.[5] He learned English, his third language after German and French, through comic books and other reading materials with a dictionary, and watching films.[10][11] In 1946 he graduated from Beverly Hills High School and performed with Richard M. Sherman at the ceremony; Previn played the piano, accompanying Sherman, who played the flute.[12]

          In the film studios
          Previn in 2012

          Previn was involved in creating the music for over 50 films and won four Academy Awards for his work.

          Previn's career as a composer, conductor, and arranger at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios (MGM) began in 1946, while he was still in high school, after their music department noticed his work for a local radio program and hired him.[11][13] Previn recalled that MGM was "looking for somebody who was talented, fast and cheap and, because I was a kid, I was all three. So they hired me to do piecework and I evidently did it very well."[1] His first official credit was for an entry in the Lassie series, The Sun Comes Up (1949), which much later he thought was "the most inept score you ever heard" after seeing a television rerun.[14]

          While a full-time employee at MGM in 1950, Previn was drafted into the military.[15] Beginning in 1951, while stationed with the Sixth Army Band at the Presidio of San Francisco, Previn took private conducting lessons for two years from Pierre Monteux, then conductor of the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, lessons which Previn valued highly.[16] In 1953, Previn returned to Hollywood and focused his attention on film scores and jazz.[17] Previn stayed at MGM for 16 years, but despite the secure job and good pay, he had come to feel increasingly confined, and consequently desired to pursue classical music outside of film scores. He resigned from MGM at 32, wanting "to gamble with whatever talent I might have had".[11]

          His break with the film world in the 1960s, however, was not as complete and thorough as he would later claim.[18] During this period, Previn won a 1964 Academy Award for My Fair Lady.[19] His film work continued until 1975's Rollerball.[18] Over his multi-decade film career, Previn was involved in the music of over 50 movies as composer, conductor, and/or performer.[13]

          In jazz

          Previn described himself as a musician who played jazz, rather than a jazz musician. Nevertheless, he proved to be a gifted jazz-piano interpreter and arranger of songs from the "Great American Songbook", winning the respect of prominent dedicated jazz artists. He separately worked as piano-accompanist to singers of jazz standards, from Ella Fitzgerald to Doris Day, recording prolifically. And, like Oscar Peterson, whom he admired tremendously,[20] and Bill Evans, he worked often as a trio pianist, usually with bass and drums, collaborating with dozens of famed jazz instrumentalists. Previn also memorably filmed TV shows with Peterson (1974) and Fitzgerald (1979). Jazz critic and historian Ted Gioia wrote in his book about West Coast jazz, the scene to which Previn belonged:

          [His] projects varied greatly in terms of quality and jazz content, but at his best Previn could be a persuasive, moving jazz musician. [...] Despite his deep roots in symphonic music, Previn largely steered clear of Third Stream classicism in his jazz work, aiming more at an earthy, hard-swinging piano style at times reminiscent of Horace Silver. Long before his eventual retreat from his jazz work, Previn had become something of a popularizer of jazz rather than a serious practitioner of the music. At his best, however, his music reflected a strong indigenous feel for the jazz idiom.[21]

          Dizzy Gillespie on Previn, said:

          He has the flow, you know, which a lot of guys don't have and won't ever get. Yeah. I heard him play and I knew. A lot of guys, they have the technique, the harmonic sense. They've got the perfect coordination. And, yeah, all that's necessary. But you need something more, you know? Even if you only make an oooooooo, like that, you got to have the flow.[22]

          As a conductor and composer of classical music

          As conductor

          He was music director of the Houston Symphony Orchestra, the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, and the Oslo Philharmonic, as well as the principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.

          In 1967, Previn succeeded Sir John Barbirolli as music director of the Houston Symphony Orchestra.[23] In 1968, he began his tenure as principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra (LSO),[24] serving in that post until 1979.[5] During his LSO tenure, he and the LSO appeared on the BBC Television programme André Previn's Music Night.[25] From 1975 to 1985, he was music director of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (PSO)[5] and, in turn, had another television series with the PSO entitled Previn and the Pittsburgh.[26] He was then principal conductor of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra from 1985 to 1991.[5]

          In 1985, he became music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic.[5] Although Previn's tenure with the orchestra was deemed satisfactory from a professional perspective, other conductors, including Kurt Sanderling, Simon Rattle, and Esa-Pekka Salonen, did a better job at selling out concerts. Previn clashed frequently with Ernest Fleischmann (the LAPO's Executive VP and General Manager), including the dispute when Fleischmann failed to consult Previn before naming Salonen as Principal Guest Conductor of the orchestra, complete with a tour of Japan.[18][27] As a result of Previn's objections, Salonen's title and Japanese tour were withdrawn; however, shortly thereafter, in April 1989, Previn resigned.[28] Four months later, Salonen was named Music Director Designate of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, officially taking the post of music director in October 1992.[29]

          Previn was music director of the Oslo Philharmonic from 2002 to 2006, and in 2009 he was appointed Principal Guest Conductor of Tokyo's NHK Symphony Orchestra.[30]

          As a composer
          Main article: List of compositions by André Previn

          André Previn left two concert overtures, several tone poems, 14 concerti, a symphony for strings, incidental music to a British play; a varied body of chamber music (six violin sonatas, other scores for violin and piano; sonatas for bassoon, cello, clarinet, flute and oboe, each with piano; a waltz for two oboes and piano, three other trios, a string quartet with soprano, a clarinet quintet, a quintet for horn and strings, a nonet, an Octet for Eleven (for eleven players), and three works for brass ensemble); several works for solo piano; dozens of songs (in English and German); a monodrama for soprano, string quartet and piano (Penelope, completed just before he died); a musical each for New York and London (Coco and The Good Companions); and two successful operas.[31]

          Television

          In his capacity as conductor, mainly, Previn enjoyed a long relationship with the medium of television. He featured in Meet André Previn (1969) on London Weekend Television, the Morecambe and Wise Christmas Show in 1971 and 1972 (BBC), André Previn's Music Night (with the London Symphony Orchestra; three programmes in 1973, others in 1975 and 1976), and television interviews with other musicians. He made appearances on Call My Bluff and participated in documentaries about popular music and jazz during the 1970s and 1980s.[32] In the United Kingdom he worked on TV with the London Symphony Orchestra.[25] In the U.S. the television program Previn and the Pittsburgh (1977) featured him in collaboration with the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra.[33]

          "Andrew Preview"

          British TV audiences witnessed his comic acting skills when he was introduced as "Mr Andrew Preview" (or "Privet") on the Morecambe and Wise Christmas Show in 1971. This involved his conducting a performance of Edvard Grieg's Piano Concerto with Eric Morecambe as the inept soloist, having been tricked into doing it by being told that Yehudi Menuhin would be his solo violinist.[34] Playing the comedy straight, the annoyed Previn then remarks: "I'll go fetch my baton. It's in Chicago."[35] This comic ad-lib made Morecambe immediately realise the sketch would be a success.[36] Later in the sketch Previn accuses Morecambe of playing "all the wrong notes"; Morecambe grits his teeth, grabs Previn by the lapels, and retorts that he has been playing "all the right notes, but not necessarily in the right order".[37]

          Because of other commitments, the only opportunity available for Previn to learn his part in the show was in the back of the taxi from the airport, but the talent he showed for comedy won high praise from his co-performers.[35] He made a second appearance in their eighth series.[38] In the sketch, he is tricked into visiting the pair again, and they suggest that if he works with them again, he could receive a knighthood; he conducts a 1920s-style dance band as the pair sing, and then joins them at the end of the episode in singing "Bring Me Sunshine".[39] Previn later appeared in the 1972 special as a bus conductor in a feature called "I worked with Morecambe and Wise and look what happened to me".[40]

          Previn himself recalled in 2005 that people in Britain still remember the sketch years later: "Taxi drivers still call me Mr Preview".[1] He later said he was happy that the sketch meant as much to everyone else as it did to him, and that several parts of it were (uncharacteristically for Morecambe and Wise) improvised.[41]

          Mozart on Tour

          Previn was host and narrator of the 13-part 1991 documentary series Mozart on Tour, which focused on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's travels and how his music developed through them. He also performed and conducted Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 24 in C minor, K. 491, with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in one episode of the series, and in another episode conducted the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in a performance by Aleksandar Madžar of Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 27 in B-flat major, K. 595.

          The Kindness of Strangers

          Previn was the subject of a two-hour film by Tony Palmer entitled The Kindness of Strangers – after the closing words of his opera then in production, in 1998 – which followed Previn for a year at engagements around the world, and included interviews with Previn and rehearsals for the opera.[42] The film was issued on DVD in 2009 by Voiceprint Records; an earlier issue had cut 30 minutes from it.[43]

          Personal life

          Previn was married five times.[5] His first marriage, in 1952, was to jazz singer Betty Bennett, with whom he had two daughters, Claudia Previn Stasny[44] and Alicia Previn.[45] Previn divorced Bennett in 1957, a few months before she gave birth to Alicia.

          In 1959, he married Dory Langan.[46] A singer-songwriter,[47] she became widely known as a lyricist with whom Previn collaborated on several Academy Award-nominated film scores during their marriage.[46] They separated in 1968 once she found out his affair with Mia Farrow, a family friend, had resulted in a pregnancy. Distressed at his infidelity, Dory was hospitalized for a mental breakdown. Known professionally as Dory Previn, she resumed her career as a singer-songwriter. Her first album was On My Way to Where (1970), a critically acclaimed work whose confessional lyrics were described as "searingly honest"; it chronicled both her mental health struggles and the infidelity that she alleged had at once precipitated the end of her marriage to Previn and exacerbated her intermittent mental illness.[46][48][49][50] In 2013, jazz singer Kate Dimbleby and pianist Naadia Sheriff revisited Dory Previn's musical reflections on her marriage to Previn in the London cabaret show Beware of Young Girls: The Dory Previn Story.[51][52]

          Previn's third marriage, in 1970, was to Mia Farrow, whom he began dating in 1968.[5] Previn and Farrow had three biological children together — fraternal twins Matthew and Sascha, born before they were married, and Fletcher, born in 1974.[5] They then adopted Vietnamese infants Lark Song and Summer "Daisy" Song (born October 6, 1974), followed by Soon-Yi Previn, a Korean child whose age a physician's bone scan placed between six and eight years old and whose unknown birth date her adoptive parents estimated as October 8, 1970.[53] Previn and Farrow divorced in 1979. Lark died on Christmas Day 2008, aged 35; reports at the time suggested she had died of AIDS-related pneumonia.[54] In the aftermath of the scandal involving Soon-Yi and Mia Farrow's partner Woody Allen,[53] Previn said of Soon-Yi, "She does not exist."[55]

          Previn's longest marriage was his fourth.[5] In January 1982, he married Heather Sneddon.[56] They had a son, Lukas, and a daughter, Li-An. Previn wrote a brief memoir of his early years in Hollywood, No Minor Chords, which was published in 1991, edited by Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and dedicated to Heather.[57] This marriage ended in divorce after 17 years.[58]

          His fifth marriage, in 2002, was to the German violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter, for whom in the previous year he had composed his Violin Concerto. They announced their divorce in August 2006, but continued to work together in concerts afterwards.[59][60]

          Honors and awards

          Previn was nominated for 11 Academy Awards.[13] He won four times, in 1958, 1959, 1963 and 1964.[5] He is one of the few composers to have accomplished the feat of winning back-to-back Oscars, and one of only two to have done so on two occasions.[61] Previn was the first person in the history of the Academy Awards to receive three nominations in one year (for the 1960 awards).[8]

          In 1970 he was nominated for a Tony Award as part of Coco's nomination for Best Musical. In 1974, he composed the musical score for The Good Companions starring John Mills in London. In 1977 he became an Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Music.[62] The 1977 television show Previn and the Pittsburgh was nominated for three Emmy awards.[63]

          Previn was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1996.[64] (Not being a citizen of a Commonwealth realm, he was permitted to use the post-nominal letters KBE but was not styled "Sir André".) Previn received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1998 in recognition of his contributions to classical music and opera in the United States. In 2005 he was awarded the international Glenn Gould Prize and in 2008 won Gramophone magazine's Lifetime Achievement Award for his work in classical, film, and jazz music.[65] In 2010, the Recording Academy honored Previn with a Lifetime Achievement Grammy.[66]

          Death

          Previn died on February 28, 2019, at home in Manhattan at the age of 89. No cause was released.[8]

          Recordings
          Main article: André Previn discography

          Previn's discography contains hundreds of recordings in film, jazz, classical music, theatre, and contemporary classical music. Because of the huge number of recordings, the following lists are necessarily highly selective. A full discography (including LP/CD record codes) is available in Frédéric Döhl: André Previn. Musikalische Vielseitigkeit und ästhetische Erfahrung, Stuttgart 2012, pp. 295–319.

          Film music

          Most of the films which incorporate Previn's music are still available as videos/DVDs and/or as soundtrack records. Some of his soundtracks have been reissued in recent years, including those from Elmer Gantry, Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, Inside Daisy Clover, and Dead Ringer.[67]

          Jazz recordings

          Previn made dozens of jazz recordings, as both leader and sideman, primarily during two periods: from 1945 to 1967, and from 1989 to 2001, with just a handful of recordings in between or afterward. He also did crossover recordings with such classical singers as Eileen Farrell, Leontyne Price and Kiri Te Kanawa, as well as several easy-listening records with piano and orchestra in the 1960s (beginning with Like Young: Secret Songs for Young Lovers, 1959, with David Rose and His Orchestra).[68]

          Following his performance on Shelly Manne's recording Modern Jazz Performances of Songs from My Fair Lady in 1956, Previn released several albums of jazz interpretations of songs from broadway musicals as well as several solo piano recordings focused on the songbooks of popular composers (André Previn Plays Songs by Vernon Duke, 1958; André Previn Plays Songs by Harold Arlen, 1960; Ballads. Solo Jazz Standards, 1996; Alone: Ballads for Solo Piano, 2007), the late recording of songs by Harold Arlen with singer Sylvia McNair and bass player David Finck (Come Rain or Shine: The Harold Arlen Songbook, 1996), and his TV shows with Oscar Peterson (1974) – which Marlon Brando simply called "one of the greatest hours I ever saw on television"[69] – and Ella Fitzgerald (1979) respectively.[70]

          Jazz recordings as leader/co-leader

          Jazz recordings as sideman/group member

          with Buddy Bregman

          with Benny Carter

          with Michael Feinstein

          • Change of Heart: The Songs of Andre Previn (Telarc, 2013)[93]

          with Helen Humes

          • Tain't Nobody's Biz-ness if I Do (Contemporary, 1959) OCLC 28100012
          • Songs I Like to Sing! (Contemporary, 1960) OCLC 658586296

          with Barney Kessel

          with Shelly Manne

          with The Mitchells: Red Mitchell, Whitey Mitchell and Blue Mitchell

          with Lyle Murphy

          • Twelve-Tone Compositions and Arrangements by Lyle Murphy (Contemporary, 1955)[101]

          with Pete Rugolo

          Orchestral music

          Previn's recorded repertory as a conductor focused on standards of the Classical, Romantic and Modern eras. In opera, however, he recorded only Der Schauspieldirektor, Die Fledermaus, and Ravel's two short operas, as well as his own A Streetcar Named Desire.

          He favored the symphonic music of Berlioz, Brahms and Strauss, and placed a special emphasis on violin and piano concertos and on ballets. Only a few of his recordings were of music before Haydn and Mozart (both favourites on his programmes) or of atonal or serial avant-garde pieces. In 20th-century music his repertory highlit specific composers of late Romanticism and Modernism: Barber, Britten, Gershwin, Korngold, Prokofiev, Rachmaninoff, Ravel, Shostakovich, Strauss, Vaughan Williams, Walton and Shapero. Previn recorded for RCA, EMI, Telarc and Deutsche Grammophon.

          Noteworthy as interpretations, for various reasons, are his recordings of Shostakovich's Fifth Symphony (for RCA in 1965), Walton's First Symphony (1966), the Vaughan Williams symphonies (1967–72), Rachmaninoff's Second Symphony (for EMI in 1970), Rachmaninoff's piano concertos (for Decca in 1970–71, with Vladimir Ashkenazy), Walton's Belshazzar's Feast (EMI, 1972), Orff's Carmina Burana (1974) and Mendelssohn's A Midsummer Night's Dream (1976), all with the London Symphony Orchestra; and Strauss's horn concertos (for DG in 1996), with the Vienna Philharmonic.

          Chamber music and solo piano

          His own compositions

          List of awards

          Academy Awards
          Best Music – Scoring of a Musical Picture
          Best Score – Adaptation or Treatment

          Grammy Awards

          Previn received Grammy Awards and nominations:[106]

          Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award
          Best Instrumental Soloist
          Best Classical Crossover Album
          Best Chamber Music Performance
          • 1999 American Scenes: Copland, Previn, Barber, Gershwin
          Best Choral Performance
          Best Performance by an Orchestra
          Best Sound Track Album
          • 1959 Gigi (orig. music: Loewe)
          • 1960 Porgy and Bess (orig. music: Gershwin)
          Best Jazz Performance – Soloist or Small Group

          References
          1. Moss, Stephen (June 6, 2005). "Baton charged". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved September 6, 2009.
          2. Koseluk, Chris (February 28, 2019). "Andre Previn, Master of Many Musical Genres, Dies at 89". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          3. Ruttencutter 1985, p. 35.
          4. "Andre Previn Biography (1930–)". Filmreference.com. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
          5. Frédéric Döhl, André George Previn, in the Lexikon verfolgter Musiker und Musikerinnen der NS-Zeit, Hamburg: Universität Hamburg, 2007 (in German)
          6. Previn mentioned in the liner notes of the programme printed for his appearance as guest conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra during the 2006–07 season that his year of birth was 1930, and not 1929 as many sources claim.
          7. Ruttencutter 1985, p. 36.
          8. Barron, James (February 28, 2019). "André Previn, Whose Music Knew No Boundaries, Dies at 89". The New York Times. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          9. The Priwin family on the passenger list of the S.S. Manhattan from Le Havre to New York and of the SS City of Newport News from New York to Los Angeles. Andreas' age is listed as "9" both times, consistent with a birth year of 1929.
          10. Ruttencutter 1985, p. 37.
          11. Brockes, Emma (October 1, 2008). "Emma Brockes talks to composer André Previn: 'I gambled on my talent'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 29, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          12. "Richard M. Sherman & Robert B. Sherman". Jango Radio. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
          13. Page, Tim (February 28, 2019). "André Previn, musical polymath and Oscar-winning composer and conductor, dies at 89". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          14. Natale, Richard (February 28, 2019). "Andre Previn, Four-Time Oscar-Winning Composer, Dies at 89". Variety. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          15. Ruttencutter 1985, p. 49.
          16. Canarina J. Pierre Monteux, Maître. Amadeus Press, Pompton Plains, Cambridge, 2003, p. 204–205.
          17. Ruttencutter 1985, p. 50.
          18. Stearns, David Patrick (February 28, 2019). "André Previn obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          19. Peikert, Mark (February 28, 2019). "Oscar-Winning André Previn, Who Scored Such Movie Musicals as My Fair Lady and Porgy and Bess, Dies at 89". Playbill. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
          20. Frédéric Döhl: André Previn. Musikalische Vielseitigkeit und ästhetische Erfahrung, Stuttgart 2012, p. 127.
          21. Ted Gioia, West Coast Jazz: Modern Jazz in California, 1945–1960, Berkeley 1998, p. 278 – as quoted in Frédéric Döhl: André Previn. Musikalische Vielseitigkeit und ästhetische Erfahrung, Stuttgart 2012, p. 140.
          22. Martin Bookspan/Ross Yockey, André Previn. A Biography, London 1981, S. 124 – as quoted in Frédéric Döhl: André Previn. Musikalische Vielseitigkeit und ästhetische Erfahrung, Stuttgart 2012, pp. 139–140.
          23. Gonzales, J.R. (March 1, 2019). "André Previn's all-too-brief, tumultous [sic] time with the Houston Symphony". Houston Chronicle. Houston. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
          24. "Conductors". London Symphony Orchestra. Archived from the original on January 23, 2012.
          25. "London Symphony Orchestra – Obituary: André Previn (1929/30 – 2019)". lso.co.uk. Retrieved March 2, 2019. Under his leadership, the LSO performed to large audiences in the concert hall and on television, through André Previn's Music Night, the show that turned Previn into a star and the LSO into a household name."
          26. Downing, Hugh (1979). "PREVIN AND THE PITTSBURGH". Library of Congress. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
          27. Gelt, Jessica (February 28, 2019). "Why André Previn left L.A. and wouldn't set foot in the city for decades". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
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          29. Bernheimer, Martin (October 8, 1989). "The Tyrant of Philharmonic". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2009.
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          31. For a full catalogue raisonné containing the dates, places and participants of premieres as well as the names and sources for lost works abandoned works, rejected works and withdrawn works, see Frédéric Döhl: André Previn. Musikalische Vielseitigkeit und ästhetische Erfahrung, Stuttgart 2012, p. 279–294.
          32. BFI film archive search result for André Previn Archived December 22, 2017, at the Wayback Machine accessed 12 December 2017.
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          36. "All the right words – just not necessarily in the right order". Jonathan Crossfield. January 23, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
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          38. "BBC Two – The Morecambe and Wise Show, Series 8, Episode 1". BBC. September 27, 1974. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
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          40. "Christmas with Eric and Ernie". Yours.co.uk. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
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          42. Worldcat entry for (the cut version of) 'The Kindness of Strangers', Worldcat.org, Accessed 30 June 2019.
          43. Note by Palmer accompanying the 2009 DVD edition, TP DVD 153.
          44. "Ancestry.com". Search.ancestry.com. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
          45. "Ancestry.com". Search.ancestry.com. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
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          49. Deschanel, Zooey (March 26, 2010). "Five Women Every Man Should Listen To". Esquire.
          50. "Soul-baring singer-songwriter Dory Previn dead at 86". DangerousMinds. February 15, 2012.
          51. "St James Theatre". Stjamestheatre.co.uk.
          52. Beware Of Young Girls: The Songs Of Dory Previn on YouTube
          53. Hoban, Phoebe (September 21, 1992). "Everything You Always Wanted To Know About Woody and Mia (But Were Afraid to Ask)". New York. New York City – via Google Books.
          54. "Mia Farrow's son Thaddeus 'killed himself'". News.com.au. September 23, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
          55. Swaine, Jon (October 2, 2013). "Mia Farrow: Woody Allen's son Ronan 'possibly' Frank Sinatra's". The Daily Telegraph. London, England. Archived from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
          56. "All About Heaven – Observations placeholder". allaboutheaven.org. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          57. Lawrence, Greg (January 4, 2011). Jackie as Editor: The Literary Life of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. Macmillan. ISBN 9781429975186. Retrieved February 28, 2019 – via Google Books.
          58. Davies, Hugh (August 5, 2002). "Wife No 5 for Andre Previn as he marries violin virtuoso". Retrieved February 28, 2019 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
          59. Tim Ashley (June 26, 2008). "LSO/Previn/Mutter (Barbican, London)". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2009.
          60. Brockes, Emma (October 1, 2008). "I gambled on my talent". The Guardian. London, England. Archived from the original on September 3, 2013. Retrieved September 6, 2009.
          61. "Farewell Maestro". The i. March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
          62. "Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music (Oct.14, 2009)". Royal Academy of Music. October 14, 2009. Archived from the original on December 3, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
          63. Siek, Stephen (2016). A Dictionary for the Modern Pianist. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-810-88880-7.
          64. Chris Jones (August 9, 2002). "André Previn: Striking the right chord". BBC News: Newsmakers. Archived from the original on January 4, 2009. Retrieved September 6, 2009.
          65. "Lifetime win for composer Previn". BBC. September 26, 2008. Archived from the original on October 1, 2008. Retrieved October 1, 2008.
          66. "Michael Jackson to get lifetime achievement Grammy". Reuters. December 11, 2009. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
          67. André Previn at IMDb
          68. "Secret Songs for Young Lovers – André Previn – Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
          69. As quoted in Frédéric Döhl: André Previn. Musikalische Vielseitigkeit und ästhetische Erfahrung, Stuttgart 2012, p. 16.
          70. "Ella Fitzgerald in concert 1979 last part (6)". YouTube. January 16, 2009. Archived from the original on August 5, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
          71. "Shorty Rogers / André Previn – Collaboration". Discogs. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          72. "Double Play! – André Previn, Russ Freeman | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          73. "Pal Joey – André Previn | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          74. "Gigi – André Previn & His Pals | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          75. "King Size! – André Previn's Trio Jazz | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          76. "Duet – Doris Day, André Previn | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          77. "Andre Previn and J. J. Johnson Play "Mack the Knife" – J. J. Johnson | User Reviews". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          78. "All Alone – André Previn | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          79. "Different Kind of Blues – Itzhak Perlman, André Previn | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          80. "After Hours – André Previn | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          81. "What Headphones? – André Previn | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          82. "Sylvia McNair, André Previn, David Finck – Sure Thing: The Jerome Kern Songbook". Discogs. 1994. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          83. "Play Showboat – André Previn | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          84. "Ballads – André Previn | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          85. "Sylvia McNair, André Previn – Come Rain Or Come Shine: The Harold Arlen Songbook". Discogs. 1996. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
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          87. "We Got Rhythm: Gershwin Songbook – André Previn | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          88. DuncanDruce (January 9, 2013). "We Got It Good...And That Ain't Bad – An Ellington Songbook". Gramophone.co.uk. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          89. "Live at the Jazz Standard – David Finck, André Previn | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          90. Siders, Harvey. "Andre Previn: Alone". JazzTimes. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          91. "Swinging Kicks – Buddy Bregman | Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          92. "Jazz Giant – Benny Carter | Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          93. "Change of Heart: The Songs of André Previn – Michael Feinstein, André Previn – Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
          94. "Music to Listen to Barney Kessel By – Barney Kessel | Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          95. "Modern Jazz Performances from Bizet's Carmen – Barney Kessel | Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          96. "Shelly Manne & His Friends, Vol. 1 – Shelly Manne, Shelly Manne & His Men | Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          97. "Modern Jazz Performances of Songs from My Fair Lady – Shelly Manne & His Friends, Shelly Manne | Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          98. "Shelley Manne and his Friends: Modern Jazz Performances of Songs From Li'l Abner". All About Jazz. March 15, 2003. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
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          100. "Whitey Mitchell Leader Entry". jazzdiscography.com. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          101. "Lyle Murphy: West Coast Tonal – JazzWax". Jazzwax.com. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
          102. "Reeds – Pete Rugolo | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
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          104. Clements, Andrew (June 27, 2003). "A Streetcar Named Desire, Barbican, London". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
          105. "Review: André Previn's 'Brief Encounter' premieres in Houston". LA Times Blogs – Culture Monster. May 3, 2009. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
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          Further reading

          In English:

          • Martin Bookspan / Ross Yockey: André Previn. A Biography, Garden City/New York 1981.
          • Frédéric Döhl, André Previn Archived December 9, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. In: German Historical Institut Washington DC: Transatlantic Perspectives. Europe in the Eyes of European Immigrants to the United States, 1930–1980, Washington 2012.
          • Frédéric Döhl, André Previn. In: Charles Hiroshi Garrett: New Grove Dictionary of American Music. 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, New York 2013, Vol. 6, pp. 597–599.
          • Frédéric Döhl, About the Task of Adapting a Movie Classic for the Opera Stage: On André Previn's A Streetcar Named Desire (1998) and Brief Encounter (2009). In: Frédéric Döhl & Gregor Herzfeld (eds.): In Search of the Great American Opera: Tendenzen des amerikanischen Musiktheaters, Münster 2016, pp. 147–175.
          • Michael Freedland: André Previn, London 1991.
          • Edward Greenfield: André Previn. In: The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, hrsg. von Stanley Sadie, London 2001, Vol. 20, pp. 309–310.
          • Edward Greenfield: André Previn, London/New York 1973.
          • Lawrence Kramer: The Great American Opera: Klinghoffer, Streetcar, and the Exception. In: The Opera Quarterly 23/1 (2007), pp. 66–80.
          • David McKee: A Streetcar Named Desire. André Previn. In: The Opera Quarterly 16/4 (2000), pp. 718–723.
          • André Previn, No Minor Chords. My Days in Hollywood, New York 1991.
          • André Previn (Ed. and Introduction): Orchestra, London 1979.
          • André Previn / Antony Hopkins: Music Face to Face, London 1971.
          • Helen Drees Ruttencutter: Previn, New York 1985.

          In German:

          Archives at
          LocationLibrary of Congress
          SourceAndré Previn collection, 1959–2004
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