Sonipat

Sonipat is a planned industrial city & administrative headquarter in Sonipat district of Haryana state of India. It comes under the National Capital Region and is around 44 kilometres (27 mi) from New Delhi. It is also around 214 km (128 miles) southwest of Chandigarh, the state capital. The Yamuna River runs along its eastern boundary.

Sonipat
City
Sonipat Junction railway station in Sonipat, Haryana
Sonipat Junction railway station in Sonipat, Haryana
Sonipat is located in Haryana
Sonipat
Sonipat
Location in Haryana, India
Sonipat is located in India
Sonipat
Sonipat
Sonipat (India)
Coordinates: 28.990°N 77.022°E / 28.990; 77.022
Country India
StateHaryana
DivisionRohtak
DistrictSonipat
Government
 • TypeMunicipal corporation
 • BodySonipat Municipal Corporation
 • M.P.Ramesh Chander Kaushik (BJP)
 • M.L.A.Surender Panwar (INC)
 • MayorNikhil Madan (INC)[1]
Area
[2]
 • City181 km2 (70 sq mi)
Elevation
224.15 m (735.40 ft)
Population
[3]
 • City382,000
 • Urban
[4]
402,000
Languages[5][6]
 • OfficialHindi
 • RegionalHaryanvi punjabi[7]
Time zoneUTC+5.30 (Indian Standard Time)
PIN
131001
Telephone Code+91-130
ISO 3166 codeIN-HR
Vehicle registrationHR-10, HR-69(Commercial Vehicles), HR-99(Temporary), DL-14 Sonipat (Delhi NCR), HR-86
Sex Ratio1.19 ♂/♀
Effective literacy85.48%
Websitesonipat.gov.in

On 22 December 1972, Sonipat designated a full-fledged district. Sonipat Junction railway station is the main railway junction on Delhi-Kalka line. It lies on Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway, Eastern Peripheral Expressway (NE II) and Grand Trunk Road (NH 44) as well as the planned Delhi–Sonipat–Panipat Regional Rapid Transit System.

Etymology

According to legend, Sonipat was earlier known as Sonprastha, which later on became Swarnprastha (lit. 'Golden City').[8][9] Later, the name Swarnprastha changed into Swarnpath, and then to its current form, Sonipat.[10]

History

Reference to the city comes in the epic Mahabharata as Swarnprastha. It was one of the five Prastha demanded by Pandavas as the price of peace from Duryodhan in lieu of the kingdom Hastinapur. The other four Prastha were Vanprastha (Panipat), Vyaghraprastha (Baghpat), Tilprastha (Faridabad) and Indraprastha (Delhi).[11]

Sonipat is listed in the Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under Delhi sarkar, producing a revenue of 7,727,323 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 1000 infantry and 70 cavalry. It had a brick fort at the time, which was also mentioned.[12]

Sonipat came under Islamic rule after the Second Battle of Tarain in 1193. The Sikhs under Banda Singh Bahadur fought the Battle of Sonipat against the Mughals in 1709. Khanda, Sonipat village witnessed the Battle of Sonipat and won the battle against Mughals under the military leadership of Banda Singh Bahadur[13]

Battle of Sonipat

The one and only battle fought in Sonipat was Battle of Sonipat. After taking blessings from Guru Gobind Singh, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur first camped at Khanda, Sonipat and assembled a fighting force with Dahiya Jats. Khanda, Sonipat village witnessed the Battle of Sonipat against Mughals, which was won under the military leadership of Banda Singh Bahadur.[14][15]

Geography and topography

Sonipat is located at 28.98°N 77.02°E / 28.98; 77.02.[16]

Climate
Climate data for Sonipat
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 21
(70)		 24
(75)		 30
(86)		 37
(99)		 40
(104)		 38
(100)		 35
(95)		 34
(93)		 34
(93)		 33
(91)		 28
(82)		 22
(72)		 31
(88)
Average low °C (°F) 8
(46)		 11
(52)		 16
(61)		 22
(72)		 27
(81)		 28
(82)		 28
(82)		 27
(81)		 26
(79)		 21
(70)		 14
(57)		 9
(48)		 20
(68)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 19.7
(0.78)		 24.6
(0.97)		 24.6
(0.97)		 10.1
(0.40)		 40.7
(1.60)		 96.9
(3.81)		 190
(7.5)		 201
(7.9)		 134.3
(5.29)		 12
(0.5)		 4
(0.2)		 10
(0.4)		 767.9
(30.32)
Average relative humidity (%) 66 58 47 32 35 53 68 71 66 55 51 63 55
Source: http://www.myweather2.com [17]

Demographics

According to the 2011 Indian Census, Sonipat city had a total population of 278,149, of which 148,364 were males and 129,785 were females. The population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 32,333. The total number of literates in Sonipat was 210,112, which constituted 75.5% of the population with male literacy of 79.7% and female literacy of 70.8%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Sonipat was 85.5%, of which the male literacy rate was 90.8% and the female literacy rate was 79.5%. The Scheduled Castes population was 42,013. Sonipat had 55,599 households in 2011.[3]

The urban agglomeration, which includes suburbs outside of the city's jurisdiction, had a total population of 289,333.[4]

City
Religion in Sonipat City
Religion Population (1911)[18] Percentage (1911) Population (1941)[19]: 30  Percentage (1941)
Islam 6,510 54.19% 8,933 50.24%
Hinduism [lower-alpha 1] 4,794 39.9% 7,706 43.34%
Christianity 56 0.47% 13 0.07%
Sikhism 6 0.05% 226 1.27%
Others [lower-alpha 2] 648 5.39% 903 5.08%
Total Population 12,014 100% 17,781 100%


Tehsil
Religion in Sonipat Tehsil
Religion Population (1941)[19]: 58  Percentage (1941)
Hinduism [lower-alpha 1] 176,709 81.81%
Islam 35,275 16.33%
Christianity 724 0.34%
Sikhism 613 0.28%
Others [lower-alpha 3] 2,687 1.24%
Total Population 216,008 100%

Places of interest

Mughal architecture

There are several Mughal buildings on the outskirts of the city, including the Mosque of Abdullah Nasir-ud-din, who was a descendant from Mushid of Iran.

Yamuna River
Main article: Yamuna River

The main water system in the district is the Yamuna River and its irrigation canals. The river flows besides the rural belt in the eastern side of district. It also acts as a natural boundary between the states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

Economy

Industrial estates
See also: Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor, Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor, Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway, and National Capital Region (India)

There are six HSIIDC industrial estates namely Sonepat city, Barhi, Kundli, Murthal and Rai. The development of Sonepat Industrial area in the city started in the 1950s with Atlas Cycle.[20] Since then, many small and big industries have been established here. Atlas, E.C.E.[21] or the Birla Factory, OSRAM India (formerly part of E.C.E., but in October 1998 it was acquired by OSRAM[22]).

Rail Coach Naveenikaran Karkhana, Sonipat is a railway coach factory under RVNL which was successfully commissioned in October 2021.The Rail Coach Naveenikaran Karkhana at Sonipat is the first of its kind facility being set up to cater to the mid-life rehabilitation and refurbishment of coaches. The Rolling Stock Complex is designed for sustainable development with Industry 4.0 compliant assembly line.[23]

Education

Colleges

Universities

Primary and secondary schools
  • G3school
  • Swarnprastha Public School
  • Rishikul vidya peeth
  • Jankidas Public School
  • Hindu Sr. Sec. School
  • S.M. Hindu Sr. Sec. School
  • J.P. Jain Sr. Sec. School
  • Hindu Girls Sr. Sec. School
  • D.A.V Public School
  • Ontogeny Sec. School
  • Bright Scholar Sr. Sec. School
  • Shiva Siksha Sadan
  • Little Angels Sr. Sec. School
  • Rai Sports School
  • Holy Child Sr. Sec. School

Sports

In July 1973 the government established the Motilal Nehru School of Sports, Rai, Sonipat[24] to provide education facilities with extra emphasis on sports. It trains athletes in field hockey, basketball, lawn tennis, equestrianism, gymnastics, swimming, shooting sports, volleyball, boxing, cricket, and football.

Bus Port

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways proposed the first bus port in the pattern of Airport on GT Road in Sector 7, Sonipat.[25][26][27] It will be a joint venture between the Government of Haryana and NHAI.[28][25]

  • In a first-of-its-kind initiative, the Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has decided to set up a bus port on the pattern of an airport in Sonipat.
  • The proposed bus stand will be an ultra-modern 'bus port', with infrastructure at par with an international airport.[29]
  • To be constructed under design, built, finance, operate and transfer model, new bus ports will have digital displays, variable message signboards, CCTVs, surveillance system, deluxe waiting room, tourist information center, clock room, restaurant, food court, plaza, budget hotel, multiplex, administrative office, parcel room, maintenance workshop, fuel station, etc.[30][27]

Municipal corporation

Sonipat Municipal Corporation is the governing civic body of the Urban Area in Sonipat. The Municipal Committee Sonipat was established in the year 1933.[31]

Sonipat Lok Sabha

Sonipat (Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 10 Lok Sabha (Parliamentary) constituencies in Haryana state in northern India.*Ramesh Chander Kaushik is Member of Parliament from Sonipat Seat

Notable people

See also

References
  1. "जानिये- कौन हैं सोनीपत नगर निगम के नए मेयर निखिल मदान, भाजपा-JJP प्रत्याशी को चटाई धूल". Dainik Jagran (in Hindi). 30 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  2. "About Sonepat". mcsonepat.gov.in. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  3. "Census of India: Sonipat". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  4. "Census of India: Sonipat". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  5. "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  6. IANS (28 January 2010). "Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  7. "Haryanvi". Ethnologue. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  8. Gupta, Ramesh Chandra (1985). Urban geography of Delhi-Shahadra. Bhavna Prakashan.
  9. Kauśika, Rs̥hi Jaiminī; Baruā, Jaiminī Kauśika (1967). Maiṃ apane Māravāṛī samāja ko pyāra karatā hūm̐ (in Hindi). Jaiminī-Prakāśana.
  10. Sharma, Chandrapal (1 September 2017). भारतीय संस्कृति और मूल अंकों के स्वर : अंक चक्र : Bhartiya Sanskriti aur Mool Anko ke Swar Ank Chakra (in Hindi). Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9789352784875.
  11. Gupta, Ramesh Chandra (1985). Urban geography of Delhi-Shahadra. Bhavna Prakashan. p. 29.
  12. Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak; Jarrett, Henry Sullivan (translator) (1891). The Ain-i-Akbari. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 287. Retrieved 21 January 2021. {{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)
  13. Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century. p. 28.
  14. Sagoo, Harbans Kaur (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications. ISBN 978-81-7629-300-6.
  15. "Guts and Glory: The Man Who Vowed to Avenge Guru Gobind Singh's Death, Took on Mughals". News18. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  16. "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Sonipat, India". www.fallingrain.com.
  17. "January Climate History for Sonipat | Local | India".
  18. "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 1, Report". Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  19. "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE". Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  20. "Atlas Cycles (Haryana) Ltd., Sonepat (India)". www.atlascyclesonepat.com.
  21. "ECE Industries Ltd". www.eceindustriesltd.com.
  22. Osram Sylvania. "OSRAM Americas | OSRAM SYLVANIA Homepage". Osramindia.com. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  23. https://www.psuconnect.in/news/rvnl-naveenikaran-karkhana-sonipat-project/30379/
  24. "Motilal Nehru School of SportsRai". Motilal Nehru School of SportsRai.
  25. "सेक्टर-7 में बस पोर्ट काे सीएम की मंजूरी". Dainik Bhaskar (in Hindi). 20 July 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  26. "World-class bus port to come up in Sonipat - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  27. "बसपोर्ट के लिए दस एकड़ जमीन सेंट्रल ट्रांसपोर्ट के नाम होगी". Dainik Bhaskar (in Hindi). 31 August 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  28. "सोनीपत में बनेगा प्रदेश का पहला बस पोर्ट". दैनिक ट्रिब्यून (in Hindi). 16 March 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  29. "बसपोर्ट के लिए कार्रवाई तेज, एनएच-44 पर फ्लाईओवर या अंडरपास का प्रस्ताव". Dainik Bhaskar (in Hindi). 24 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  30. "Haryana".
  31. "About Us". mcsonepat.gov.in. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  1. 1941 census: Including Ad-Dharmis
  2. Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, or not stated
  3. Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, or not stated
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