Sphenophorus

Sphenophorus is a genus of weevils, often known as billbugs, in the family Curculionidae,[1][2][3] and tribe Sphenophorini. Eleven species of billbugs infest managed turfgrass in North America.[4]

Sphenophorus cicatristriatus
Sphenophorus cicatristriatus

Sphenophorus
Sphenophorus cariosus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Infraorder: Cucujiformia
Family: Curculionidae
Tribe: Sphenophorini
Genus: Sphenophorus
Schönherr, 1838

Species[2]
  • Sphenophorus abbreviatus (Fabricius, J.C., 1787)
  • Sphenophorus adspersus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus aduncus Erichson, 1847
  • Sphenophorus aequalis Gyllenhal, 1838 (clay-coloured billbug)
  • Sphenophorus albicollis Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus alfurus Heller, 1914
  • Sphenophorus ambiguus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus anceps Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus angustus Boheman, 1845
  • Sphenophorus apicalis LeConte, 1878
  • Sphenophorus ardesius Schoenherr, 1839
  • Sphenophorus arizonensis Horn, 1873
  • Sphenophorus asper Vaurie, 1978
  • Sphenophorus aterrimus Champion, 1910
  • Sphenophorus atratus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus aurofasciatus Brême, 1844
  • Sphenophorus austerus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus australis Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus bartramiae Chittenden, 1924
  • Sphenophorus basilanus Heller, 1922
  • Sphenophorus bifasciatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus bisbisignatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus blanchardi Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus brasiliensis Hustache, 1936
  • Sphenophorus bruchi Hustache, 1936
  • Sphenophorus brunnipennis (Germar, 1824)
  • Sphenophorus brutus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus callizona Chevrolat, L.A.A., 1882
  • Sphenophorus callosus (Olivier, 1807) (southern corn billbug)
  • Sphenophorus canalipes Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus carbonarius Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus carinicollis Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus cariosus (Olivier, 1807) (nutgrass billbug)
  • Sphenophorus caroli Vaurie, 1967
  • Sphenophorus castaneipennis Boheman, 1838
  • Sphenophorus castanipes Boheman, 1845
  • Sphenophorus cazieri Vaurie, 1951
  • Sphenophorus chittendeni Blatchley, 1916
  • Sphenophorus cicatricosus Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus cicatristriatus Fåhraeus, 1838 (Rocky Mountain billbug)
  • Sphenophorus cincticollis Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus cinctus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus cinerascens Motschulsky, V. de, 1858
  • Sphenophorus coesifrons Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus compressirostris (Germar, 1823)
  • Sphenophorus costatus Waterhouse, O.C., 1879
  • Sphenophorus costicollis Chittenden, 1919
  • Sphenophorus costipennis Horn, 1873
  • Sphenophorus crenatus (LeConte, 1876)
  • Sphenophorus cristulatus Hustache, 1936
  • Sphenophorus cruciata Quedenfeldt, G., 1888
  • Sphenophorus cruciger Motschulsky, V. de, 1858
  • Sphenophorus crudus Erichson, 1847
  • Sphenophorus cubensis (Buchanan, 1936)
  • Sphenophorus cultellatus Horn, 1873
  • Sphenophorus cultrirostris Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus decoratus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus deficiens Chittenden, 1920
  • Sphenophorus defrictus Boheman, 1845
  • Sphenophorus dehaanii Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus delumbatus Boheman, 1845
  • Sphenophorus destructor Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus dietrichi (Satterthwait, 1933)
  • Sphenophorus dimidiatipennis Jekel, H., 1858
  • Sphenophorus dispar Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus diversus Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus dolosus Vaurie, 1978
  • Sphenophorus elegans Theobald, 1935
  • Sphenophorus ensirostris Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus erythrurus Chevrolat, L.A.A., 1880
  • Sphenophorus exquisita Walker, F., 1859
  • Sphenophorus fahraei Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus fasciatus Gemminger, M. & Harold, E. von q., 1871
  • Sphenophorus ferrugineus Boheman, 1845
  • Sphenophorus fossor Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus foveatus Vaurie, 1978
  • Sphenophorus gagatinus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus geminatus Hustache, 1936
  • Sphenophorus gentilis LeConte, 1857
  • Sphenophorus germari Horn, 1873
  • Sphenophorus glabricollis Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus glabridiscus Walker, F., 1859
  • Sphenophorus graminis Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus guttatus Fåhraeus, 1845
  • Sphenophorus haneti Quedenfeldt, G., 1888
  • Sphenophorus hebetatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus hemipterus Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus henophorus sayi Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus hoegbergii Boheman, 1845
  • Sphenophorus holosericus Chittenden, 1924
  • Sphenophorus hypocrita Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus immunis Say, 1832
  • Sphenophorus implicatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus imus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus incongruus Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus incurrens Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus infelix Gistel, 1848
  • Sphenophorus inscripta Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus insculptus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus insularis Boheman, C.H., 1859
  • Sphenophorus interruptecostata Schaufuss, 1885
  • Sphenophorus interstitialis (Say, 1832)
  • Sphenophorus javanensis Günther, 1937
  • Sphenophorus kuatunensis Voss, 1958
  • Sphenophorus laetus Erichson, 1847
  • Sphenophorus larvalis Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus lateritius Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus latinasus Horn, 1873
  • Sphenophorus latiscapus Kirsch, T., 1869
  • Sphenophorus lebasi Gyllenhal, L. in Schönherr, C.J., 1838
  • Sphenophorus lebasii Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus leprosus Fåhraeus, 1845
  • Sphenophorus letestui Hustache, 1936
  • Sphenophorus leucographus Fåhraeus, 1845
  • Sphenophorus levis Vaurie, 1978
  • Sphenophorus lineatocollis Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus lineatus Champion, 1910
  • Sphenophorus liratus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus longicollis Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus maculata Gyllenhal, L. in Schönherr, C.J., 1838
  • Sphenophorus maculifer Fåhraeus, 1845
  • Sphenophorus maderensis Hoffmann, 1938
  • Sphenophorus maidis Chittenden, 1905 (maize billbug)
  • Sphenophorus marinus Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus maurus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus melancholicus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus melanocardius Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus melanocephalus (Fabricius, 1801)
  • Sphenophorus melanurus Kirsch, T., 1875
  • Sphenophorus memnonius Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus meridionalis Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus mimelus Vaurie, 1978
  • Sphenophorus minimus Hart, 1890 (lesser billbug)
  • Sphenophorus missouriensis Chittenden, 1919
  • Sphenophorus monilis Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus mormon Chittenden, 1904
  • Sphenophorus multipunctatus Champion, 1910
  • Sphenophorus mundus Champion, 1910
  • Sphenophorus musaecola Fairmaire, L., 1898
  • Sphenophorus mutilatus Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus naegelianus Heer, O., 1847
  • Sphenophorus napoanus Hustache, 1936
  • Sphenophorus nawradi Kirsch, T., 1869
  • Sphenophorus nebulosus Champion, G.C., 1910
  • Sphenophorus necydaloides (Fabricius, 1801)
  • Sphenophorus neomexicanus Chittenden, 1904
  • Sphenophorus nevadensis Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus nigerrimus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus nigroplagiata Quedenfeldt, G., 1888
  • Sphenophorus nubilus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus nudicollis Kirsch, T., 1877
  • Sphenophorus obsoletus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus octocostatus Champion, 1910
  • Sphenophorus octomaculatus Heller, 1934
  • Sphenophorus opacus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus orizabensis Chevrolat, L.A.A., 1882
  • Sphenophorus paganus (Fabricius, J.C., 1775)
  • Sphenophorus panops Walk. in Mshl., 1920
  • Sphenophorus parumpunctatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus perforatus Fåhraeus, 1845
  • Sphenophorus pertinax (Olivier, 1807)
  • Sphenophorus phoeniciensis Chittenden, 1904 (phoenix billbug)
  • Sphenophorus piceus (Pallas, P.S., 1771)
  • Sphenophorus picirostris Fairmaire, L., 1897
  • Sphenophorus placidus Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus planipennis Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus polygrammus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus pontederiae Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus proluviosus Heyden, C. von & Heyden, L. von., 1866
  • Sphenophorus promissa Pascoe, F.P., 1885
  • Sphenophorus pulchellus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus pulchellus Riley, 1871
  • Sphenophorus punctatostriatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus pustulosus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus quadrimaculata Gyllenhal, L. in Schönherr, C.J., 1838
  • Sphenophorus quadrimaculatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus quadrisignatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus quadrivittatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus quadrivulnerata Thomson, J., 1858
  • Sphenophorus quinquepunctatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus rectus (Say, 1831)
  • Sphenophorus regelianus Heer, O., 1847
  • Sphenophorus rimoratus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus robustior Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus robustus Horn, 1873
  • Sphenophorus roelofsi Chevrolat, L.A.A., 1882
  • Sphenophorus rubellus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus rufofasciatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus rufus Szalay Marzsó, 1957
  • Sphenophorus rusticus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus sacchari Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus sanguineus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus sanguinolentus Chevrolat, L.A.A., 1882
  • Sphenophorus sationis Heller, 1925
  • Sphenophorus saucius Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus schoenherrii Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus schwarzii Chittenden, 1924
  • Sphenophorus scoparius Horn, 1873
  • Sphenophorus senegalensis Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus sericans Schoenherr, 1845
  • Sphenophorus sericeus Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus seriepunctatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus serratipes Chittenden, 1924
  • Sphenophorus sierrakowskyi Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus signaticollis Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus simplex LeConte, 1860
  • Sphenophorus soltauii Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus sordidus Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus spadiceus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus spangleri Anderson, 2014
  • Sphenophorus spinolae Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus squamosus Boheman, 1845
  • Sphenophorus sriatoforatus Gyllenhal, L. in Schönherr, C.J., 1838
  • Sphenophorus stigmaticus Fåhraeus, 1845
  • Sphenophorus strangulatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus striatipennis Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus striatoforatus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus striatopunctatus (Goeze, J.A.E., 1777)
  • Sphenophorus strigosus Erichson, 1847
  • Sphenophorus subcostatus Fairmaire, L., 1903
  • Sphenophorus subulatus Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus suturalis Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus taboa Vanin, 1990
  • Sphenophorus tardus Fall, 1901
  • Sphenophorus tenuis Vaurie, 1978
  • Sphenophorus terebrans Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus terricola Champion, 1910
  • Sphenophorus testardi Montrouzier, X., 1860
  • Sphenophorus tetricus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus thoracicus Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus tincturata Pascoe, F.P., 1885
  • Sphenophorus tomentosus Vaurie, 1978
  • Sphenophorus tornowii Brèthes, 1910
  • Sphenophorus tredecimpunctatus Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus tremolerasi Hustache, 1937
  • Sphenophorus truncatus Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus validirostris Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus variabilis Gyllenhal, 1838
  • Sphenophorus variegatus Schoenherr, 1838
  • Sphenophorus velutinus LeConte, 1876
  • Sphenophorus venatus (Say, 1831) (hunting billbug)
  • Sphenophorus vilis Hustache, 1936
  • Sphenophorus villosiventris Chittenden, 1905
  • Sphenophorus vittata Chittenden, 1924
  • Sphenophorus vomerinus LeConte, 1858
  • Sphenophorus zamiae Gyllenhal, L. in Schönherr, C.J., 1838
  • Sphenophorus zeae Walsh, 1867 (Timothy billbug)

References
  1. "Sphenophorus Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
  2. "Sphenophorus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
  3. "Sphenophorus Overview". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
  4. Duffy, Alexandra G.; Powell, Gareth S.; Zaspel, Jennifer M.; Richmond, Douglas S. (2018-02-09). "Billbug (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae: Sphenophorus spp.) Seasonal Biology and DNA-Based Life Stage Association in Indiana Turfgrass". Journal of Economic Entomology. 111 (1): 304–313. doi:10.1093/jee/tox340. ISSN 0022-0493. PMID 29309605.
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