Sporophila

Sporophila
	Male variable seedeater
	Female
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Thraupidae
Genus:	Sporophila; Cabanis, 1844
Type species
	Pyrrhula falcirostris; Temminck, 1820

Sporophila is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. The genus now includes the six seed finches that were previously placed in the genus Oryzoborus.

They are relatively small with stubby, conical bills adapted for feeding on seeds and alike. Most species are strongly sexually dimorphic, and while "typical" adult males often are distinctive, female and immatures of both sexes can be very difficult (in some species virtually impossible) to identify to exact species.[1] Females of at least some of these species have different ultraviolet colours, which can be seen by birds, but not humans.[2] Female-like (paedomorphic) males apparently also occur, at least in some species.[3]

Taxonomy and species list

The genus Spermophila was introduced by the English naturalist William John Swainson in 1827.[4] The type species was subsequently designated as Temminck's seedeater (Sporophila falcirostris) by George Robert Gray in 1841.[5] As the genus name Spermophila had been introduced by John Richardson in 1825 for a genus of mammals,[6] the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis coined the present name Sporophila as a replacement in 1844.[7][8] The name combines the Ancient Greek sporos meaning "seed" and philos meaning "-loving".[9]

The genus now includes the six seed finches that were previously placed in Oryzoborus as well as the thick-billed seed finch that was the only species in Dolospingus. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that these seven species were embedded in Sporophila.[10]

The genus contains 41 species:[11]

Common name	Scientific name	Distribution
Lesson's seedeater	Sporophila bouvronides	Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Lined seedeater	Sporophila lineola	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Cinnamon-rumped seedeater	Sporophila torqueola	western Mexico
Morelet’s seedeater	Sporophila morelleti	Rio Grande Valley through eastern Mexico and Central America to western Panama
Variable seedeater	Sporophila corvina	southern Mexico through Central America to the Chocó of northwestern South America
Grey seedeater	Sporophila intermedia	Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Wing-barred seedeater	Sporophila americana	north-eastern Venezuela, Tobago, the Guianas, Brazil
White-naped seedeater	Sporophila fringilloides	Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Black-and-white seedeater	Sporophila luctuosa	Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Double-collared seedeater	Sporophila caerulescens	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay
Yellow-bellied seedeater	Sporophila nigricollis	Costa Rica to Bolivia
Dubois's seedeater	Sporophila ardesiaca	east-central Brazil
Thick-billed seed finch	Sporophila funerea	southern Mexico, through Central America, to the Chocó in Colombia and Ecuador.
Chestnut-bellied seed finch	Sporophila angolensis	Trinidad, Tobago, east Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Bolivia to east Brazil, Paraguay and northeast Argentina
Nicaraguan seed finch	Sporophila nuttingi	Costa Rica, Nicaragua and northwestern Panama.
Great-billed seed finch	Sporophila maximiliani	Brazil
Large-billed seed finch	Sporophila crassirostris	Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Black-billed seed finch	Sporophila atrirostris	Ecuador, Peru and northwestern Bolivia
Slate-coloured seedeater	Sporophila schistacea	Central America, the southwestern Amazon Basin, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago and the Guianas.
Temminck's seedeater	Sporophila falcirostris	Argentina and southeastern Brazil
Buffy-fronted seedeater	Sporophila frontalis	northeastern Argentina and along the southeastern Brazil
Plumbeous seedeater	Sporophila plumbea	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Tropeiro seedeater	Sporophila beltoni	Brazil
Rusty-collared seedeater	Sporophila collaris	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
White-throated seedeater	Sporophila albogularis	Brazil.
White-bellied seedeater	Sporophila leucoptera	Bolivia, Paraguay and eastern Brazil
Parrot-billed seedeater	Sporophila peruviana	Ecuador and western Peru.
Chestnut-throated seedeater	Sporophila telasco	southwestern Colombia to far northern Chile.
Drab seedeater	Sporophila simplex	Ecuador and Peru.
Chestnut-bellied seedeater	Sporophila castaneiventris	Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela
Ruddy-breasted seedeater	Sporophila minuta	Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Copper seedeater	Sporophila bouvreuil	Brazil and Suriname.
Black-and-tawny seedeater	Sporophila nigrorufa	eastern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil.
Tawny-bellied seedeater	Sporophila hypoxantha	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Dark-throated seedeater	Sporophila ruficollis	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay
Pearly-bellied seedeater	Sporophila pileata	Brazil, Paraguay, northern Uruguay and northeastern Argentina.
Rufous-rumped seedeater	Sporophila hypochroma	Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay
Chestnut seedeater	Sporophila cinnamomea	Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay
Marsh seedeater	Sporophila palustris	Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Black-bellied seedeater	Sporophila melanogaster	Brazil.
Ibera seedeater	Sporophila iberaensis	Argentina.

Possible extinct species:

Hooded seedeater, Sporophila melanops – possibly extinct (20th century?), a hybrid or a color morph of S. nigricollis

References

Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor (1989). The Birds of South America. Vol. 1. Univ. Texas Press, Austin
Benites, P., Eaton, M. D., Lijtmaer, D. A., Lougheed, S. C. & Tubaro, P. L. (2010). Analysis from avian visual perspective reveals plumage colour differences among females of capuchino seedeaters (Sporophila). J. Avian Biology. 41: 597–602.
Areta, J. I. (2009). Paedomorphosis in Sporophila seedeaters. Bull. B.O.C. 2009 129(2): 98-103.
Swainson, William John (1827). "On several groups and forms in ornithology, not hitherto defined". Zoological Journal. 3: 158–175, 343–363 [348].
Gray (1841). A List of the Genera of Birds : with their Synonyma and an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus (2nd ed.). London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 63.
Richardson, John (1825). Appendix to Captain Parry's journal of a second voyage for the discovery of a North West passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific performed in His Majesty's ships Fury and Hecla, in the years 1821-22-23. London: J. Murray. p. 313. ISBN 9780665418341.
Cabanis, Jean (1844). "Avium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraeqiio observatae vel collectae sunt in itinere a Dr. J.J. de Tschudi". Archiv für Naturgeschichte (in Latin). 10: 262–317 [291].
Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 133.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 363. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID 24583021.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers". IOC World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 October 2019.

Lijtmaer, D. A., N. M. Sharpe, P. L. Tubaro & S. C. Lougheed. 2004. Molecular phylogenetics and diversification of the genus Sporophila (Aves: Passeriformes). Mol. Philo. Evol. 33:562-579.
Robbins, M. B., M. J. Braun, C. J. Huddleston, D. W. Finch, & C. M. Milensky (2005). First Guyana records, natural history, and systematics of the White-winged Seedeater (Dolospingus fringilloides). Ibis 147:334-341.

External links

de Schauensee, Rodolphe Meyer (1952). "A review of the genus Sporophila". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 104: 175–181. JSTOR 4064459.

Media related to Sporophila at Wikimedia Commons

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[1] Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor (1989). The Birds of South America. Vol. 1. Univ. Texas Press, Austin

[2] Benites, P., Eaton, M. D., Lijtmaer, D. A., Lougheed, S. C. & Tubaro, P. L. (2010). Analysis from avian visual perspective reveals plumage colour differences among females of capuchino seedeaters (Sporophila). J. Avian Biology. 41: 597–602.

[3] Areta, J. I. (2009). Paedomorphosis in Sporophila seedeaters. Bull. B.O.C. 2009 129(2): 98-103.

[4] Swainson, William John (1827). "On several groups and forms in ornithology, not hitherto defined". Zoological Journal. 3: 158–175, 343–363 [348].

[5] Gray (1841). A List of the Genera of Birds : with their Synonyma and an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus (2nd ed.). London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 63.

[6] Richardson, John (1825). Appendix to Captain Parry's journal of a second voyage for the discovery of a North West passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific performed in His Majesty's ships Fury and Hecla, in the years 1821-22-23. London: J. Murray. p. 313. ISBN 9780665418341.

[7] Cabanis, Jean (1844). "Avium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraeqiio observatae vel collectae sunt in itinere a Dr. J.J. de Tschudi". Archiv für Naturgeschichte (in Latin). 10: 262–317 [291].

[8] Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 133.

[9] Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 363. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[10] Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID 24583021.

[ioc-11] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers". IOC World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 October 2019.