Square rig

Square rig is a generic type of sail and rigging arrangement in which the primary driving sails are carried on horizontal spars which are perpendicular, or square, to the keel of the vessel and to the masts. These spars are called yards and their tips, outside the lifts, are called the yardarms.[1] A ship mainly rigged so is called a square-rigger.[2]

Main-mast of a square-rigged brig, with all square sails set except the course

History
The single-masted, square-rigged Humber keel performed well to windward.[3]: 54 

The oldest archaeological evidence of use of a square-rig on a vessel is an image on a clay disk from Mesopotamia from 5000 BC.[4] Single sail square rigs were used by the ancient Egyptians, the Phoenicians, the Greeks, the Romans, and the Celts. Later the Scandinavians, the Germanic peoples, and the Slavs adopted the single square-rigged sail, with it becoming one of the defining characteristics of the classic “Viking” ships.[5]

See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Square-riggers under sail.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Historical images of square-riggers under sail.

References
  1. Oxford English Dictionary
  2. Keegan, John (1989). The Price of Admiralty. New York: Viking. p. 280. ISBN 0-670-81416-4.
  3. Mannering, Julian, ed. (1997). The Chatham directory of inshore craft : traditional working vessels of the British Isles. London: Chatham Pub. ISBN 1-86176-029-9.
  4. Early Boats, in Shipwrecks and Submerged Worlds. University of Southampton. https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/shipwrecks/5/steps/96495 Retrieved 2018-8-20
  5. The Viking ship's single square-rigged sail. http://Longshipco.org/sail.html Retrieved 2018-8-20
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.