Squinch

In architecture, a squinch is a triangular corner that supports the base of a dome.[1] Its visual purpose is to translate a rectangle into an octagon. See also: pendentive.

This article is about an architectural feature. For square-inch analysis, see Square-inch analysis.
Squinches supporting a dome in Odzun Basilica, Armenia, early 8th century

Construction
Squinch in the Palace of Ardashir in Fars, Iran

A squinch is typically formed by a masonry arch that spans a square corner.

History in the Middle East

The dome chamber in the Palace of Ardashir, the Sassanid king, in Firuzabad, Iran, is the earliest surviving example of the use of the squinch, suggesting that the squinch may have been invented in Persia. After the rise of Islam, it was used in the Middle East in both eastern Romanesque and Islamic architecture. It remained a feature of Islamic architecture, especially in Iran, and was often covered by corbelled stalactite-like structures known as muqarnas.

History in Western Europe

It spread to the Romanesque architecture of western Europe, one example being the Normans' 12th-century church of San Cataldo, Palermo, in Sicily. This has three domes, each supported by four doubled squinches.

Etymology

The word may possibly originate, the Oxford English Dictionary suggests, from the French word escoinson, meaning "from an angle", which became the English word "scuncheon" and then "scunch".[2][3]

References
  1. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, 1986, p. 1145
  2. "definition of Squinch". Oxford Living Dictionaries. Archived from the original on March 12, 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  3. "The definition of squinch". Dictionary.com. 2015. Retrieved 2015-10-24.
  • Media related to Squinches at Wikimedia Commons


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