Standard electrode potential (data page)

The data values of standard electrode potentials (E°) are given in the table below, in volts relative to the standard hydrogen electrode, and are for the following conditions:

  • A temperature of 298.15 K (25.00 °C; 77.00 °F).
  • An effective concentration of 1 mol/L for each aqueous species or a species in mercury amalgam (an alloy of mercury with another metal).
  • A partial pressure of 101.325 kPa (absolute) (1 atm, 1.01325 bar) for each gaseous reagent. This pressure is used because most literature data are still given for this value (1 atm) rather than for the current standard of 100 kPa (1 bar) presently considered in the standard state.
  • An activity of unity for each pure solid, pure liquid, or for water (solvent). The relation in electrode potential of metals in saltwater (as electrolyte) is given in the galvanic series.
  • Although many of the half cells are written for multiple-electron transfers, the tabulated potentials are for a single-electron transfer. All of the reactions should be divided by the stoichiometric coefficient for the electron to get the corresponding corrected reaction equation. For example, the equation Fe2+ + 2 e− ⇌ Fe(s) (–0.44 V) means that it requires 2 × 0.44 eV = 0.88 eV of energy to be absorbed (hence the minus sign) in order to create one neutral atom of Fe(s) from one Fe2+ ion and two electrons, or 0.44 eV per electron, which is 0.44 J/C of electrons, which is 0.44 V.
  • After dividing by the number of electrons, the standard potential E° is related to the standard Gibbs free energy of formation ΔGf° by:
    where F is the Faraday constant. For example, in the equation Fe2+ + 2 e− ⇌ Fe(s) (–0.44 V), the Gibbs energy required to create one neutral atom of Fe(s) from one Fe2+ ion and two electrons is 2 × 0.44 eV = 0.88 eV, or 84 895 J/mol of electrons, which is just the Gibbs energy of formation of an Fe2+ ion, since the energies of formation of  e− and Fe(s) are both zero.
The Nernst equation will then give potentials at concentrations, pressures, and temperatures other than standard.
  • Note that the table may lack consistency due to data from different sources. For example:
Cu+
+  e−⇌Cu(s)(E
1 = +0.520 V)
Cu2++ 2 e−⇌Cu(s)(E
2 = +0.337 V)
Cu2++  e−⇌Cu+
(E
3 = +0.159 V)
Calculating the potential using Gibbs free energy (E
3 = 2E
2 – E
1) gives the potential for E
3 as 0.154 V, not the experimental value of 0.159 V.

Main article: Standard electrode potential

Table of standard electrode potentials

Legend: (s) – solid; (l) – liquid; (g) – gas; (aq) – aqueous (default for all charged species); (Hg) – amalgam; bold – water electrolysis equations.

Element Half-reaction E° / V Electrons
Oxidant ⇌ Reductant
Sr Sr+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Sr(s) -4.101 1
Ca Ca+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Ca(s) -3.8 1
Th Th4+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Th3+
 -3.6 1
Pr Pr3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Pr2+
 -3.1 1
N 3N
2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2HN
3(aq)		 -3.09 2
Li Li+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Li(s) -3.0401 1
N N
2(g) + 4H2O + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2NH
2OH(aq) + 2 OH−		 -3.04 2
Cs Cs+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Cs(s) -3.026 1
Ca Ca(OH)
2 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ca(s) + 2 OH− -3.02 2
Er Er3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Er2+
 -3 1
Ba Ba(OH)
2 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ba(s) + 2 OH− -2.99 2
Rb Rb+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Rb(s) -2.98 1
K K+
 +  e−		 ⇌ K(s) -2.931 1
Ba Ba2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ba(s) -2.912 2
La La(OH)
3(s) + 3 e−		 ⇌ La(s) + 3 OH− -2.9 3
Fr Fr+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Fr(s) -2.9 1
Sr Sr2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Sr(s) -2.899 2
Sr Sr(OH)
2 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Sr(s) + 2 OH− -2.88 2
Ca Ca2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ca(s) -2.868 2
Li Li+
 + C
6(s) +  e−		 ⇌ LiC
6(s)		 -2.84 1
Eu Eu2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Eu(s) -2.812 2
Ra Ra2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ra(s) -2.8 2
Ho Ho3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Ho2+ -2.8 1
Bk Bk3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Bk2+
 -2.8 1
Yb Yb2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Yb(s) -2.76 2
Na Na+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Na(s) -2.71 1
Mg Mg+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Mg(s) -2.7 1
Nd Nd3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Nd2+
 -2.7 1
Mg Mg(OH)
2 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Mg(s) + 2 OH− -2.69 2
Sm Sm2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Sm(s) -2.68 2
Be Be
2O2−
3 + 3H2O + 4 e−		 ⇌ 2Be(s) + 6 OH− -2.63 4
Pm Pm3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Pm2+
 -2.6 1
Dy Dy3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Dy2+
 -2.6 1
No No2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ No -2.5 2
Hf HfO(OH)
2 + H2O + 4 e−		 ⇌ Hf(s) + 4 OH− -2.5 4
Th Th(OH)
4 + 4 e−		 ⇌ Th(s) + 4 OH− -2.48 4
Md Md2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Md -2.4 2
Tm Tm2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Tm(s) -2.4 2
La La3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ La(s) -2.379 3
Y Y3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Y(s) -2.372 3
Mg Mg2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Mg(s) -2.372 2
Zr ZrO(OH)
2(s) + H2O + 4 e−		 ⇌ Zr(s) + 4 OH− -2.36 4
Pr Pr3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Pr(s) -2.353 3
Ce Ce3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Ce(s) -2.336 3
Er Er3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Er(s) -2.331 3
Ho Ho3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Ho(s) -2.33 3
Al H
2AlO−
3 + H2O + 3 e−		 ⇌ Al(s) + 4 OH− -2.33 3
Nd Nd3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Nd(s) -2.323 3
Tm Tm3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Tm(s) -2.319 3
Al Al(OH)
3(s) + 3 e−		 ⇌ Al(s) + 3 OH− -2.31 3
Sm Sm3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Sm(s) -2.304 3
Fm Fm2+ + 2 e− ⇌ Fm -2.3 2
Am Am3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Am2+
 -2.3 1
Dy Dy3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Dy(s) -2.295 3
Lu Lu3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Lu(s) -2.28 3
Tb Tb3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Tb(s) -2.28 3
Gd Gd3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Gd(s) -2.279 3
H H
2(g) + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2H−
 -2.23 2
Es Es2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Es(s) -2.23 2
Pm Pm2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Pm(s) -2.2 2
Tm Tm3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Tm2+ -2.2 1
Dy Dy2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Dy(s) -2.2 2
Ac Ac3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Ac(s) -2.2 3
Yb Yb3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Yb(s) -2.19 3
Cf Cf2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Cf(s) -2.12 2
Nd Nd2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Nd(s) -2.1 2
Ho Ho2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ho(s) -2.1 2
Sc Sc3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Sc(s) -2.077 3
Al AlF3−
6 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Al(s) + 6F−
 -2.069 3
Am Am3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Am(s) -2.048 3
Cm Cm3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Cm(s) -2.04 3
Pu Pu3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Pu(s) -2.031 3
Pr Pr2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Pr(s) -2 2
Er Er2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Er(s) -2 2
Eu Eu3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Eu(s) -1.991 3
Lr Lr3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Lr -1.96 3
Cf Cf3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Cf(s) -1.94 3
Es Es3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Es(s) -1.91 3
Pa Pa4+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Pa3+
 -1.9 1
Am Am2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Am(s) -1.9 2
Th Th4+
 + 4 e−		 ⇌ Th(s) -1.899 4
Fm Fm3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Fm -1.89 3
Np Np3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Np(s) -1.856 3
Be Be2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Be(s) -1.847 2
P H
2PO−
2 +  e−		 ⇌ P(s) + 2 OH− -1.82 1
U U3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ U(s) -1.798 3
Sr Sr2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Sr(Hg) -1.793 2
B H
2BO−
3 + H2O + 3 e−		 ⇌ B(s) + 4 OH− -1.79 3
Th ThO
2 + 4 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ Th(s) + 2H2O -1.789 4
Hf HfO2+
 + 2 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ Hf(s) + H2O -1.724 4
P HPO2−
3 + 2H2O + 3 e−		 ⇌ P(s) + 5 OH− -1.71 3
Si SiO2−
3 + 3H2O + 4 e−		 ⇌ Si(s) + 6 OH− -1.697 4
Al Al3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Al(s) -1.662 3
Ti Ti2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ti(s) -1.63 2
Zr ZrO
2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ Zr(s) + 2H2O -1.553 4
Zr Zr4+
 + 4 e−		 ⇌ Zr(s) -1.45 4
Ti Ti3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Ti(s) -1.37 3
Ti TiO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ Ti(s) + H2O -1.31 2
Ti Ti
2O
3(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2TiO(s) + H2O -1.23 2
Zn Zn(OH)2−
4 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Zn(s) + 4 OH− -1.199 2
Mn Mn2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Mn(s) -1.185 2
Fe Fe(CN)4−
6 + 6 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ Fe(s) + 6HCN(aq) -1.16 2
Te Te(s) + 2 e− ⇌ Te2−
 -1.143 2
V V2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ V(s) -1.13 2
Nb Nb3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Nb(s) -1.099 3
Sn Sn(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− ⇌ SnH
4(g)		 -1.07 4
Ti TiO2+
 + 2 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ Ti(s) + H2O -0.93 4
Si SiO
2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ Si(s) + 2H2O -0.91 4
B B(OH)
3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e−		 ⇌ B(s) + 3H2O -0.89 3
Fe Fe(OH)
2(s) + 2 e−		 ⇌ Fe(s) + 2 OH− -0.89 2
Fe Fe
2O
3(s) + 3H2O + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2Fe(OH)
2(s) + 2 OH−		 -0.86 2
H 2H2O + 2 e− ⇌ H
2(g) + 2 OH−		 -0.8277 2
Bi Bi(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e− ⇌ BiH
3		 -0.8 3
Zn Zn2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Zn(Hg) -0.7628 2
Zn Zn2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Zn(s) -0.7618 2
Ta Ta
2O
5(s) + 10 H+ + 10 e−		 ⇌ 2Ta(s) + 5H2O -0.75 10
Cr Cr3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Cr(s) -0.744 3
Ni Ni(OH)
2(s) + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ni(s) + 2 OH− -0.72 2
Ag Ag
2S(s) + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2Ag(s) + S2−
(aq)		 -0.69 2
Au [Au(CN)
2]−
 +  e−		 ⇌ Au(s) + 2CN−
 -0.6 1
Ta Ta3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Ta(s) -0.6 3
Pb PbO(s) + H2O + 2 e− ⇌ Pb(s) + 2 OH− -0.580 2
Ti 2TiO
2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ti
2O
3(s) + H2O		 -0.56 2
Ga Ga3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Ga(s) -0.549 3
U U4+
 +  e−		 ⇌ U3+
 -0.52 1
P H
3PO
2(aq) +  H+ +  e−		 ⇌ P(white)[note 1] + 2H2O -0.508 1
P H
3PO
3(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ H
3PO
2(aq) + H2O		 -0.499 2
Ni NiO
2(s) + 2H2O + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ni(OH)
2(s) + 2 OH−		 -0.49 2
P H
3PO
3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e−		 ⇌ P(red)[note 1] + 3H2O -0.454 3
Cu Cu(CN)−
2 +  e−		 ⇌ Cu(s) + 2CN−
 -0.44 1
Fe Fe2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Fe(s) -0.44 2
C 2CO
2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ HOOCCOOH(aq) -0.43 2
Cr Cr3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Cr2+
 -0.407 1
Cd Cd2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Cd(s) -0.4 2
Cu Cu
2O(s) + H2O + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2Cu(s) + 2 OH− -0.36 2
Pb PbSO
4(s) + 2 e−		 ⇌ Pb(s) + SO2−
4		 -0.3588 2
Pb PbSO
4(s) + 2 e−		 ⇌ Pb(Hg) + SO2−
4		 -0.3505 2
Eu Eu3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Eu2+
 -0.35 1
In In3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ In(s) -0.34 3
Tl Tl+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Tl(s) -0.34 1
Ge Ge(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− ⇌ GeH
4(g)		 -0.29 4
Co Co2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Co(s) -0.28 2
P H
3PO
4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ H
3PO
3(aq) + H2O		 -0.276 2
V V3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ V2+
 -0.26 1
Ni Ni2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ni(s) -0.257 2
As As(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e− ⇌ AsH
3(g)		 -0.23 3
Ga Ga+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Ga(s) -0.2 1
Ag AgI(s) +  e− ⇌ Ag(s) + I−
 -0.15224 1
Mo MoO
2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ Mo(s) + 2H2O -0.15 4
Si Si(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− ⇌ SiH
4(g)		 -0.14 4
Sn Sn2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Sn(s) -0.13 2
O O
2(g) +  H+ +  e−		 ⇌ HO•
2(aq)		 -0.13 1
Pb Pb2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Pb(s) -0.126 2
W WO
2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ W(s) + 2H2O -0.12 4
Ge GeO
2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ GeO(s) + H2O -0.118 2
P P(red) + 3 H+ + 3 e− ⇌ PH
3(g)		 -0.111 3
C CO
2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ HCOOH(aq) -0.11 2
Se Se(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ H
2Se(g)		 -0.11 2
C CO
2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ CO(g) + H2O -0.11 2
Cu Cu(NH
3)+
2 +  e−		 ⇌ Cu(s) + 2NH
3(aq)		 -0.1 1
Sn SnO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ Sn(s) + H2O -0.1 2
Sn SnO
2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ SnO(s) + H2O -0.09 2
W WO
3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e−		 ⇌ W(s) + 3H2O -0.09 6
Fe Fe
3O
4(s) + 8 H+ + 8 e−		 ⇌ 3Fe(s) + 4H2O -0.085 8
P P(white) + 3 H+ + 3 e− ⇌ PH
3(g)		 -0.063 3
Fe Fe3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Fe(s) -0.04 3
C HCOOH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ HCHO(aq) + H2O -0.03 2
H 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ H
2(g)		 0 2
Ag AgBr(s) +  e− ⇌ Ag(s) + Br−
 0.07133 1
S S
4O2−
6 + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2S
2O2−
3		 0.08 2
N N
2(g) + 2H2O + 6 H+ + 6 e−		 ⇌ 2NH
4OH(aq)		 0.092 6
Hg HgO(s) + H2O + 2 e− ⇌ Hg(l) + 2 OH− 0.0977 2
Cu Cu(NH
3)2+
4 +  e−		 ⇌ Cu(NH
3)+
2 + 2NH
3(aq)		 0.1 1
Ru Ru(NH
3)3+
6 +  e−		 ⇌ Ru(NH
3)2+
6		 0.1 1
N N
2H
4(aq) + 4H2O + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2NH+
4 + 4 OH−		 0.11 2
Mo H
2MoO
4(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e−		 ⇌ Mo(s) + 4H2O 0.11 6
Ge Ge4+
 + 4 e−		 ⇌ Ge(s) 0.12 4
C C(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− ⇌ CH
4(g)		 0.13 4
C HCHO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ CH
3OH(aq)		 0.13 2
S S(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ H
2S(g)		 0.14 2
Sn Sn4+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Sn2+
 0.151 2
Cu Cu2+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Cu+
 0.159 1
S HSO−
4 + 3 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ SO
2(aq) + 2H2O		 0.16 2
U UO2+
2 +  e−		 ⇌ UO+
2		 0.163 1
S SO2−
4 + 4 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ SO
2(aq) + 2H2O		 0.17 2
Ti TiO2+
 + 2 H+ +  e−		 ⇌ Ti3+
 + H2O		 0.19 1
Sb SbO+
 + 2 H+ + 3 e−		 ⇌ Sb(s) + H2O 0.2 3
C CO
2(g) + 4 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ C(s) + 2H2O 0.2 4
Fe 3Fe
2O
3(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2Fe
3O
4(s) + H2O		 0.22 2
Ag AgCl(s) +  e− ⇌ Ag(s) + Cl−
 0.22233 1
As H
3AsO
3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e−		 ⇌ As(s) + 3H2O 0.24 3
Ru Ru3+
(aq) +  e−		 ⇌ Ru2+
(aq)		 0.249 1
Ge GeO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ Ge(s) + H2O 0.26 2
U UO+
2 + 4 H+ +  e−		 ⇌ U4+
 + 2H2O		 0.273 1
Re Re3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Re(s) 0.300 3
At At +  e− ⇌ At- 0.3 1
Bi Bi3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Bi(s) 0.308 3
C 2HCNO + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ (CN)2 + 2H2O 0.330 2
Cu Cu2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Cu(s) 0.337 2
V [VO]2+
 + 2 H+ +  e−		 ⇌ V3+
 + H2O		 0.34 1
At At+ + 2 e− ⇌ At- 0.36 2
Fe [Fe(CN)
6]3−
 +  e−		 ⇌ [Fe(CN)
6]4−
 0.3704 1
C (CN)2 + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ 2HCN 0.373 2
Fe Fc+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Fc(s) 0.4 1
O O
2(g) + 2H2O + 4 e−		 ⇌ 4 OH−(aq) 0.401 4
Mo H
2MoO
4 + 6 H+ + 3 e−		 ⇌ Mo3+
 + 4H2O		 0.43 3
Ru Ru2+
(aq) + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ru 0.455 2
C CH
3OH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ CH
4(g) + H2O		 0.5 2
S SO
2(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ S(s) + 2H2O 0.5 4
Cu Cu+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Cu(s) 0.52 1
C CO(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ C(s) + H2O 0.52 2
I I−
3 + 2 e−		 ⇌ 3I−
 0.53 2
I I
2(s) + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2I−
 0.54 2
Au [AuI
4]−
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Au(s) + 4I−
 0.56 3
As H
3AsO
4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ H
3AsO
3(aq) + H2O		 0.56 2
Au [AuI
2]−
 +  e−		 ⇌ Au(s) + 2I−
 0.58 1
Mn MnO−
4 + 2H2O + 3 e−		 ⇌ MnO
2(s) + 4 OH−		 0.595 3
S S
2O2−
3 + 6 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ 2S(s) + 3H2O 0.6 4
Mo H
2MoO
4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ MoO
2(s) + 2H2O		 0.65 2
O O
2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ H
2O
2(aq)		 0.695 2
C + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ 0.6992 2
Pt PtCl2−
6 + 2 e−		 ⇌ PtCl2−
4 + 2Cl−
 0.726 2
Fe Fe
2O
3(s) + 6 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2Fe2+
 + 3H2O		 0.728 2
Se H
2SeO
3(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ Se(s) + 3H2O 0.74 4
At AtO+ + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ At+ + H2O 0.74 2
Tl Tl3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Tl(s) 0.741 3
No No3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ No2+
 0.75 1
Pt PtCl2−
4 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Pt(s) + 4Cl−
 0.758 2
Po Po4+ + 4 e− ⇌ Po 0.76 4
S (SCN)2 + 2 e− ⇌ 2SCN- 0.77 2
Fe Fe3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Fe2+
 0.771 1
Hg Hg2+
2 + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2Hg(l) 0.7973 2
Ag Ag+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Ag(s) 0.7996 1
N NO−
3(aq) + 2 H+ +  e−		 ⇌ NO
2(g) + H2O		 0.8 1
Fe 2FeO2−
4 + 5H2O + 6 e−		 ⇌ Fe
2O
3(s) + 10 OH−		 0.81 6
Au [AuBr
4]−
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Au(s) + 4Br−
 0.85 3
Hg Hg2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Hg(l) 0.85 2
Ir [IrCl
6]2−
 +  e−		 ⇌ [IrCl
6]3−
 0.87 1
Mn MnO−
4 +  H+ +  e−		 ⇌ HMnO−
4		 0.9 1
Po Po4+ + 2 e− ⇌ Po2+ 0.9 2
Hg 2Hg2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Hg2+
2		 0.91 2
Pd Pd2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Pd(s) 0.915 2
Au [AuCl
4]−
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Au(s) + 4Cl−
 0.93 3
Mn MnO
2(s) + 4 H+ +  e−		 ⇌ Mn3+
 + 2H2O		 0.95 1
N NO−
3(aq) + 4 H+ + 3 e−		 ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O(l) 0.958 3
Au [AuBr
2]−
 +  e−		 ⇌ Au(s) + 2Br−
 0.96 1
Fe Fe
3O
4(s) + 8 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ 3Fe2+
 + 4H2O		 0.98 2
Xe [HXeO
6]3−
 + 2H2O + 2 e−		 ⇌ [HXeO
4]−
 + 4 OH−		 0.99 2
At HAtO +  H+ +  e− ⇌ At + H2O 1.0 1
V [VO
2]+
(aq) + 2 H+ +  e−		 ⇌ [VO]2+
(aq) + H2O		 1 1
Te H
6TeO
6(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ TeO
2(s) + 4H2O		 1.02 2
Br Br
2(l) + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2Br−
 1.066 2
Br Br
2(aq) + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2Br−
 1.0873 2
Ru RuO
2 + 4 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ru2+
(aq) + 2H2O		 1.120 2
Cu Cu2+
 + 2CN−
 +  e−		 ⇌ Cu(CN)−
2		 1.12 1
I IO−
3 + 5 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ HIO(aq) + 2H2O 1.13 4
Au [AuCl
2]−
 +  e−		 ⇌ Au(s) + 2Cl−
 1.15 1
Se HSeO−
4 + 3 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ H
2SeO
3(aq) + H2O		 1.15 2
Ag Ag
2O(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2Ag(s) + H2O 1.17 2
Cl ClO−
3 + 2 H+ +  e−		 ⇌ ClO
2(g) + H2O		 1.18 1
Xe [HXeO
6]3−
 + 5H2O + 8 e−		 ⇌ Xe(g) + 11 OH− 1.18 8
Pt Pt2+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Pt(s) 1.188 2
Cl ClO
2(g) +  H+ +  e−		 ⇌ HClO
2(aq)		 1.19 1
I 2IO−
3 + 12 H+ + 10 e−		 ⇌ I
2(s) + 6H2O		 1.2 10
Mn MnO
2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ Mn2+
 + 2H2O		 1.224 2
O O
2(g) + 4 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ 2H2O 1.229 4
Cl ClO−
4 + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ ClO−
3 + H2O		 1.23 2
Ru [Ru(bipy)
3]3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ [Ru(bipy)
3]2+
 1.24 1
Xe [HXeO
4]−
 + 3H2O + 6 e−		 ⇌ Xe(g) + 7 OH− 1.24 6
Tl Tl3+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Tl+
 1.25 2
Cr Cr
2O2−
7 + 14 H+ + 6 e−		 ⇌ 2Cr3+
 + 7H2O		 1.33 6
Cl Cl
2(g) + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2Cl−
 1.36 2
Ru RuO−
4(aq) + 8 H+ + 5 e−		 ⇌ Ru2+
(aq) + 4H2O		 1.368 5
Ru RuO
4 + 4 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ RuO
2 + 2H2O		 1.387 4
Co CoO
2(s) + 4 H+ +  e−		 ⇌ Co3+
 + 2H2O		 1.42 1
N 2NH
3OH+
 +  H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ N
2H+
5 + 2H2O		 1.42 2
I 2HIO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ I
2(s) + 2H2O		 1.44 2
Br BrO−
3 + 5 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ HBrO(aq) + 2H2O 1.45 4
Pb β-PbO
2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ Pb2+
 + 2H2O		 1.46 2
Pb α-PbO
2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ Pb2+
 + 2H2O		 1.468 2
Br 2BrO−
3 + 12 H+ + 10 e−		 ⇌ Br
2(l) + 6H2O		 1.48 10
Cl 2ClO−
3 + 12 H+ + 10 e−		 ⇌ Cl
2(g) + 6H2O		 1.49 10
Cl HClO(aq) +  H+ + 2 e− ⇌ Cl−
(aq) + H2O		 1.49 2
At HAtO3 + 4 H+ + 4 e− ⇌ HAtO + 2H2O 1.5 4
Mn MnO−
4 + 8 H+ + 5 e−		 ⇌ Mn2+
 + 4H2O		 1.51 5
O HO•
2 +  H+ +  e−		 ⇌ H
2O
2(aq)		 1.51 1
Au Au3+
 + 3 e−		 ⇌ Au(s) 1.52 3
Ru RuO2−
4(aq) + 8 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ Ru2+
(aq) + 4H2O		 1.563 4
Ni NiO
2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ Ni2+
 + 2 OH−		 1.59 2
Ce Ce4+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Ce3+
 1.61 1
Cl 2HClO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ Cl
2(g) + 2H2O		 1.63 2
I IO−
4 + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ IO−
3 + H2O		 1.64 2
Ag Ag
2O
3(s) + 6 H+ + 4 e−		 ⇌ 2Ag+
 + 3H2O		 1.67 4
Cl HClO
2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ HClO(aq) + H2O 1.67 2
Pb Pb4+
 + 2 e−		 ⇌ Pb2+
 1.69 2
Mn MnO−
4 + 4 H+ + 3 e−		 ⇌ MnO
2(s) + 2H2O		 1.7 3
Br BrO−
4 + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ BrO−
3 + H2O		 1.74 2
Ag AgO(s) + 2 H+ +  e− ⇌ Ag+
 + H2O		 1.77 1
O H
2O
2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2H2O 1.78 2
Au Au+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Au(s) 1.83 1
Co Co3+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Co2+
 1.92 1
Ag Ag2+
 +  e−		 ⇌ Ag+
 1.98 1
O S
2O2−
8 + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2SO2−
4		 2.01 2
O O
3(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ O
2(g) + H2O		 2.075 2
Mn HMnO−
4 + 3 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ MnO
2(s) + 2H2O		 2.09 2
Xe XeO
3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e−		 ⇌ Xe(g) + 3H2O 2.12 6
Xe H
4XeO
6(aq) + 8 H+ + 8 e−		 ⇌ Xe(g) + 6H2O 2.18 8
Fe FeO2−
4 + 8 H+ + 3 e−		 ⇌ Fe3+
 + 4H2O		 2.2 3
Xe XeF
2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ Xe(g) + 2HF(aq) 2.32 2
Xe H
4XeO
6(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ XeO
3(aq) + 3H2O		 2.42 2
F F
2(g) + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2F−
 2.87 2
Cm Cm4+ + e– ⇌ Cm3+ 3.0 1
F F
2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−		 ⇌ 2HF(aq) 3.05 2
Tb Tb4+ + e– ⇌ Tb3+ 3.1 1
Pr Pr4+ + e– ⇌ Pr3+ 3.2 1
Kr KrF
2(aq) + 2 e−		 ⇌ Kr(g) + 2F−
(aq)		 3.27 2

See also

Notes
  1. Not specified in the indicated reference, but assumed due to the difference between the value −0.454 and that computed by (2×(−0.499) + (−0.508))/3 = −0.502, exactly matching the difference between the values for white (−0.063) and red (−0.111) phosphorus in equilibrium with PH3.

References
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