Tetrathionate

The tetrathionate anion, S
4O2−
6, is a sulfur oxyanion derived from the compound tetrathionic acid, H2S4O6. Two of the sulfur atoms present in the ion are in oxidation state 0 and two are in oxidation state +5. Alternatively, the compound can be viewed as the adduct resulting from the binding of S2−
2 to SO3. Tetrathionate is one of the polythionates, a family of anions with the formula [Sn(SO3)2]2−.[1] Its IUPAC name is 2-(dithioperoxy)disulfate, and the name of its corresponding acid is 2-(dithioperoxy)disulfuric acid. The Chemical Abstracts Service identifies tetrathionate by the CAS Number 15536-54-6.

The structure of the tetrathionate anion

Formation

Tetrathionate is a product of the oxidation of thiosulfate, S
2O2−
3, by iodine, I2:

2S
2O2−
3 + I2 → S
4O2−
6 + 2I−

The use of bromine instead of iodine is dubious as excess bromine will oxidize the thiosulfate to sulfate.

Structure

Tetrathionate's structure can be visualized by following three edges of a rectangular cuboid, as in the diagram below. The structure shown is the configuration of S
4O2−
6 in BaS4O6·2H2O and Na2S4O6·2H2O. Dihedral S–S–S–S angles approaching 90° are common in polysulfides.

Detailed structure of the tetrathionate ion Ball-and-stick model of the tetrathionate ion

Compounds

Compounds containing the tetrathionate anion include sodium tetrathionate, Na2S4O6, potassium tetrathionate, K2S4O6, and barium tetrathionate dihydrate, BaS4O6·2H2O.

Properties

As other species of sulfur at intermediate oxidation state, such as thiosulfate, tetrathionate can be responsible for the pitting corrosion of carbon steel and stainless steel.

Tetrathionate has also been found to serve as a terminal electron acceptor for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, whereas existing thiosulfate in the small intestines of mammals is oxidized by reactive oxygen species released by the immune system (mainly NADPH oxidase produced superoxide) to form tetrathionate. This aids in the growth of the bacterium, helped by the inflammatory response.[2]

See also

References
  1. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  2. Winter, Sebastian E. "Gut Inflammation Provides a Respiratory Electron Acceptor for Salmonella." Nature, 23 Sept. 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2013.
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