Stephanospora

Stephanospora is a genus of truffle-like gasteroid fungi in the order Agaricales. In 2014, nine new Australasian species were described from collections previously thought to represent S. flava.[1]

Stephanospora
The cross section of a sporocarp from an unknown species of Stephanospora
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Stephanosporaceae
Genus: Stephanospora
Pat. (1914)
Type species
Stephanospora caroticolor
(Berk.) Pat. (1914)

Taxonomy

Stephanospora was circumscribed by French mycologist Narcisse Théophile Patouillard in 1914 with S. caroticolor (formerly classified as a species of Hydnangium) as the type species.[2]

Species
  • S. aorangi Beever, Castellano & T.Lebel (2015)
  • S. caroticolor (Berk.) Pat. (1914)
  • S. chilensis (E.Horak) J.M.Vidal (2005) — South America, Europe[3]
  • S. corneri Pegler & T.W.K.Young (1979) — Singapore[4]
  • S. cribbae T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Australia
  • S. flava (Rodway) G.W.Beaton, Pegler & T.W.K.Young (1985) — Australia, South Africa
  • S. hystrispora T.Lebel & Castellano, (2015) — Australia
  • S. kanuka T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — New Zealand
  • S. novae-caledoniae T.Lebel, Castellano & K.Hosaka (2015) — New Caledonia
  • S. occidentiaustralis T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Australia
  • S. papua T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Papua New Guinea
  • S. penangensis Corner & Hawker (1953) — Peninsular Malaysia[5]
  • S. poropingao T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — New Zealand
  • S. pounamu T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — New Zealand
  • S. redolens (G.Cunn.) E.Horak (1979)
  • S. sheoak T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Australia
  • S. tetraspora T.Lebel, Beever & Castellano (2015) — Australia

Natural compounds

The "carrot truffle", Stephanospora caroticolor, contains the compound stephanosporin, a 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol precursor. The compound, which gives the fruitbody its orange colour, converts to the toxic 2-chloro-4-nitrophenolate when the fruitbody is injured.[6]

References
  1. Lebel T, Castellano MA, Beever RE (2014). "Cryptic diversity in the sequestrate genus Stephanospora (Stephanosporaceae: Agaricales) in Australasia". Fungal Biology. 119 (4): 201–228. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2014.12.007. PMID 25813509.
  2. Patouillard NT. (1914). "Quelques Champignons du Congo". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (in French). 30 (3): 336–346.
  3. Vidal JM. (2005). "The genus Stephanospora Pat., two new combinations" (PDF). Revista Catalana de Micologia. 26: 97–111.
  4. Pegler DN, Young TWK (1953). "The gasteroid Russulales". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 72 (3): 353–388 (see p. 383). doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(79)80143-6.
  5. Corner EJH, Hawker LE (1953). "Hypogeous fungi from Malaya". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 36 (2): 125–137 (see p. 130). doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(53)80057-4.
  6. Lang M, Spiteller P, Hellwig V, Steglich W (2001). "Stephanosporin, a "traceless" precursor of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol in the gasteromycete Stephanospora caroticolor". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 40 (9): 1704–1705. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20010504)40:9<1704::AID-ANIE17040>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID 11353486.
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