Summit, New Jersey

Summit is the northernmost city of Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, located within the New York metropolitan area. Situated on a ridge in northern-central New Jersey, the city is located within the Raritan Valley and Rahway Valley regions, and also borders both Essex and Morris counties in the Passaic Valley region. Summit is a commercial hub and commuter town for New York City commuters.[18] As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 22,719,[10][11] an increase of 1,262 (+5.9%) from the 2010 census count of 21,457,[19][20] which in turn reflected an increase of 326 (+1.5%) from the 21,131 counted in the 2000 census.[21]

Summit, New Jersey
City
Summit Skyline
Watchung Reservation
Springfield Avenue, Downtown Summit
Overlook Medical Center
Summit High School
Summit station
Twin Maples
Summit Playhouse
Victorian home on Kent Pl. Blvd
Official seal of Summit, New Jersey
Seal
Nickname: 
Hill City
Location of Summit in Union County highlighted in yellow (left). Inset map: Location of Union County in New Jersey highlighted in black (right).
Location of Summit in Union County highlighted in yellow (left). Inset map: Location of Union County in New Jersey highlighted in black (right).
Census Bureau map of Summit, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Summit, New Jersey
Summit is located in Union County, New Jersey
Summit
Summit
Location in Union County
Summit is located in New Jersey
Summit
Summit
Location in New Jersey
Summit is located in the United States
Summit
Summit
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40.715622°N 74.364684°W / 40.715622; -74.364684[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountyUnion
Settled1710
IncorporationMarch 23, 1869 as Township
IncorporationMarch 8, 1899 as City
Named forSummit Lodge or
"summit of the Short Hills"
Government
[3]
 • TypeCity
 • BodyCommon Council
 • MayorNora Radest (D, term ends December 31, 2023)[4][5]
 • AdministratorMichael F. Rogers[6]
 • Municipal clerkRosemary Licatese[7]
Area
[8]
 • Total6.04 sq mi (15.66 km2)
 • Land5.99 sq mi (15.52 km2)
 • Water0.05 sq mi (0.13 km2)  0.84%
 • Rank255th of 565 in state
7th of 21 in county[1]
Elevation
[9]
374 ft (114 m)
Population
 (2020)[10][11]
 • Total22,719
 • Estimate 
(2022)[10][12]
22,342
 • Rank119th of 565 in state
9th of 21 in county[13]
 • Density3,790.3/sq mi (1,463.4/km2)
  • Rank172nd of 565 in state
15th of 21 in county[13]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Codes
07901, 07902[14]
Area code908
FIPS code3403971430[1][15][16]
GNIS feature ID085412[1][17]
Websitewww.cityofsummit.org

Originally incorporated as Summit Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 23, 1869, from portions of New Providence Township (now Berkeley Heights) and Springfield Township, Summit was reincorporated as a city on March 8, 1899.[22][23]

Possible derivations of Summit's name include its location atop the Second Watchung Mountain; the Summit Lodge, the house to which jurist James Kent moved in 1837 and which stands today at 50 Kent Place Boulevard; and to a local sawmill owner who granted passage to the Morris and Essex Railroad for a route to "the summit of the Short Hills".[24][25][26]

History

18th century

The region in which Summit is located was purchased from Native Americans on October 28, 1664. Summit's earliest European settlers came to the area around the year 1710.[27] The original name of Summit was "Turkey Hill" to distinguish it from the area then known as "Turkey" (New Providence's original name until 1759). During the American Revolutionary War, Summit was known as "Beacon Hill", because bonfire beacons were lit on an eastern ridge in Summit to warn the New Jersey militiamen of approaching British troops.[28]

Summit was called the "Heights over Springfield" during the late 18th century and most of the 19th century, and was considered a part of New Providence. During this period, Summit was part of Springfield Township, which eventually broke up into separate municipalities. Eventually, only Summit and New Providence remained joined.

19th century

Lord Chancellor James Kent, a Chancellor of New York State and author of Commentaries on American Law, retired to this area in 1837 in a house he called Summit Lodge (perhaps a namesake of the town) on what is now called Kent Place Boulevard.[24] He lived there until 1847. Today, the lodge is part of a large mansion, at 50 Kent Place Boulevard, opposite Kent Place School.

In 1837, the Morris and Essex Railroad, which became the Delaware Lackawanna and Western Railroad and is now NJ Transit's Morris and Essex Lines, was built over what was then called "The Summit" hill, a name later shortened to Summit. The railroad allowed Summit to outgrow neighboring New Providence, which didn't have a train station. In 1868, a hotel named "The Summit House" burned beside the railroad.[29] In 1869, Summit and New Providence separated and the Summit area was incorporated as the "Township of Summit".[22] In the late 19th century, the area began shifting from farmland to wealthy estates; in 1892, renowned architect C. Abbott French cleared away a crest of a "summit ridge", removing "an impenetrable tangle of wild vines ... and myriads of rattlesnakes," to build a house with a view of New York City, The Times Building, and the Brooklyn Bridge.[30] The present-day incarnation of Summit, known formally as the City of Summit, was incorporated on April 11, 1899.[27]

During this time, Summit was the home of America's "antivice crusader", Anthony Comstock, who moved there about 1880 and built a house in 1892 at 35 Beekman Road, where he died in 1915.[31][32]

In the 19th century, Summit served as a nearby getaway spot for wealthy residents of New York City in search of fresh air. Weekenders or summer vacationers would reach Summit by train and relax at large hotels and smaller inns and guest houses.[33] Calvary Episcopal Church was built in 1894–1895; the New York Times called it a "handsome new house of worship".[34]

20th century

Silk weaving, which had thrived as an industry in the late 19th century, declined in the early decades of the 20th. In 1915, there was a strike at the Summit Silk Company on Weaver Street.[35] In the early 20th century, there was much building; in 1909, one report suggested at least 40 residences were being built (some with stables) with costs varying from $4,500 to $45,000, making it "one of the greatest periods of building activity this place, the Hill City, has known."[36]

The Rahway Valley Railroad at Summit c. 1910s

A new railway was constructed from what was then-called New Orange.[37] The Rahway Valley Railroad connected Summit with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W). In the early 20th century, both freight and passenger service were offered by this line. (Although in 2009, Union County was exploring the possibility of reactivating the long-dormant line for freight traffic.[38]) A trolley line called the Morris County Traction Company, once ran a passenger trolley through Summit to/from Newark and Morris County, in the early part of the 20th century.[39] Broad Street in Summit was designed and built for the trolley, which is why it is wider and straighter than most streets in the city. Portions of the rails could still be seen on it as late as the 1980s.

Union Plaza with Lackawanna Depot, c. 1940
View looking North across Lackawanna Railroad Bridge into Business Section, c. 1940

Relations between city authorities and businesses have not always been smooth; in 1898, city authorities and the New York and New Jersey Telephone Company had disputes about wires and telephone poles; the city acted and "wires and cables of the company were cut from the poles."[40] There were disputes between Summit's commuters and the Lackawanna railroad about walkways; in one incident in 1905, "a number of passengers seeking to board the 6:35 train found their way barred. They made a united rush, and when the dust cleared away, the door wasn't there. It is said the company will put the door back. The commuters say they will remove it as often as it is replaced."[41]

Following World War II, the city experienced a building boom as living outside New York City and commuting to work became more common and the population of New Jersey grew. At this point, Summit took on its suburban character of tree lined streets and architect-designed houses that it is known for today.[42]

In 1974 there was a lawsuit to split "East Summit" off as its own municipality. Until 1973 the city had been divided into two wards, east and west, by the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad tracks. Right before the 1973 municipal election new ward districts where determined that overrode the preexisting geographic boundaries in order to make the two wards roughly equal in population. Following a sweeping Republican victory in the election, the citizens of the eastern portion of the city claimed they had been gerrymandered by the city's Republican leadership in mayor Elmer J. Bennett and council president Frank Lehr. The eastern half of the city was more ethnically diverse and with a predominately Democratic voter base. As such Joseph R. Angelo was proclaimed the "Mayor of East Summit" and citizens sued the municipal government. The lawsuit to split the city in half, Mosely v. Kates, got as far as the Supreme Court of New Jersey which ultimately ruled in favor of the defendants and the city was kept whole.[43]

In the late 1970s, Summit had a mini-bus system, with three long circular routes through most parts of Summit that were primarily designed to bring commuters to the railroad station downtown. The Velvet Underground played their first paid concert at Summit High School on December 11, 1965. The headlining act for that concert was a local band, The Myddle Class.[44][45]

21st century

More than a dozen Summit residents died in the September 11 terrorist attacks.[46] Many worked in the World Trade Center, and commuted by rail to Hoboken.[46] A few days after the attacks, townspeople assembled on the town green while a minister "called out the names of a dozen residents still unaccounted for after Tuesday's attack on the World Trade Center. Others in the crowd of nearly 2,000 called out names he had left out."[46] A few World Trade Center firms moved to Summit.[47]

Summit has consistently ranked high in NJMonthly's biennial Top 100 Towns. In 2019, Summit was ranked the second best place to live.[48]

In 2005, star baseball athlete Willie Wilson and former Summit graduate returned to Summit High School.[49] Wilson said: "To me, Summit is a special place ... It's where it all began and I have great memories. This is where I want to help kids and youth baseball, and I want my own son and daughter to come and help me create something here." During the economic downturn of 2008–2009, Summit was listed as #6 on a list of American communities "likely to be pummeled by the economic crisis."[49] Crime is generally not bad in the city; the summer 2010 assault of Abelino Mazariego-Torres during a robbery attempt gone awry shocked residents in what one person described as a "very small and very peaceful town." Several youths were charged in the murder.[50]

Geography
Downtown Summit from the southeast

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 6.05 square miles (15.66 km2), including 5.99 square miles (15.52 km2) of land and 0.05 square miles (0.13 km2) of water (0.84%).[1][2] It is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Manhattan.

Springfield Avenue is the city's main street.[49]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Brantwood Park and Tall Oaks.[51]

It is bordered to the northeast by Millburn in Essex County, to the northwest by Chatham Borough and Chatham Township, both in Morris County, to the west by New Providence, to the southwest by Berkeley Heights, to the south by Mountainside and to the southeast by Springfield Township.[52][53][54]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18701,176—
18801,91062.4%
18903,50283.4%
19005,30251.4%
19107,50041.5%
192010,17435.7%
193014,55643.1%
194016,16511.1%
195017,92910.9%
196023,67732.1%
197023,620−0.2%
198021,071−10.8%
199019,757−6.2%
200021,1317.0%
201021,4571.5%
202022,7195.9%
2022 (est.)22,342[10][12]−1.7%
Population sources: 1870–1920[55]
1870[56][57] 1880–1890[58]
1900–1910[59] 1910–1930[60]
1940–2000[61] 2000[62][63]
2010[19][20] 2020[10][11]

The city has long been popular with traders, investment bankers, and money managers, with nearly 20% of Summit's residents working in finance and real estate.[49] One report said that Manhattan's financial elite prefers living in Summit because of large houses, great schools, and NJ Transit's rail link to Manhattan's financial district.[46]

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 21,457 people, 7,708 households, and 5,519 families in the city. The population density was 3,578.9 per square mile (1,381.8/km2). There were 8,190 housing units at an average density of 1,366.0 per square mile (527.4/km2). The racial makeup was 83.54% (17,926) White, 4.52% (970) Black or African American, 0.14% (30) Native American, 6.38% (1,368) Asian, 0.01% (3) Pacific Islander, 2.84% (610) from other races, and 2.56% (550) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.29% (2,851) of the population.[19]

Of the 7,708 households, 39.6% had children under the age of 18; 60.6% were married couples living together; 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present and 28.4% were non-families. Of all households, 23.4% were made up of individuals and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.29.[19]

29.0% of the population were under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.7 years. For every 100 females, the population had 96.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 92.0 males.[19]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $109,602 and the median family income was $145,083. Males had a median income of $109,608 (+/− $15,245) versus $61,368 (+/− $8,854) for females. The per capita income for the city was $70,574. About 4.4% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.[64]

2000 census

At the 2000 United States census[15] there were 21,131 people, 7,897 households and 5,606 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,490.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,347.8/km2). There were 8,146 housing units at an average density of 1,345.7 per square mile (519.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 87.77% White, 4.33% African American, 0.09% Native American, 4.45% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.70% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.17% of the population.[62][63]

There were 7,897 households, of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.18.[62][63]

Age distribution was 27.0% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.1 males.[62][63]

The median income for a household in the city was $92,964, and the median income for a family was $117,053. Males had a median income of $85,625 versus $46,811 for females. The per capita income for the city was $62,598. About 2.5% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.1% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.[62][63]

Economy
picture of a hospital.
Overlook Medical Center is on a hill above the town with views of the Manhattan skyline

Corporate residents of Summit include:

  • Celgene is a biotechnology company and the largest corporate tax-payer in Summit. Its facilities in the eastern part of Summit underwent recent expansion. It recently purchased a campus on the western part of Summit, formerly owned by Merck & Co. (formerly Schering Plough pharmaceuticals until a 2009 merger) these facilities were previously home to Novartis and, before that, Ciba.[65]
  • Overlook Medical Center is located on a hill with views of the Manhattan skyline and is operated by the Atlantic Health System and features the Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, the Carol G. Simon Cancer Center and the Gagnon Cardiovascular Institute.[66]
  • Whiptail Technologies is a maker of solid state storage appliances.[67]
  • Hibernia Atlantic is headquartered in Summit and is a transatlantic submarine cable network provider.[68]

Arts and culture
Opera house
In the summer of 2021, the city supports musical artists performing downtown for diners with its Summit Street Sounds program. In photo: singer-songwriter and blues singer Alvin Madison performs.

The Summit Opera House was built in the 1890s by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union as meeting place and dry entertainment hall. It currently houses Winberie's restaurant on the ground floor, and a church, office space, and apartments on the upper floors. It is located at Springfield Avenue and Kent Place Boulevard in downtown Summit.[69]

The Summit Playhouse mounts live dramatic performances.[70]

The Visual Arts Center of New Jersey, on Elm Street diagonally across from the Summit Middle School, is a professionally recognized regional art center with an art school and an exhibition program.[71]

Horseback riding is available at the Watchung stables, located in the Watchung Reservation since the 1930s.[72]

The city supports a program of public art organized by Summit Public Art, a volunteer-based city organization founded in 2002, whose mission is to bring art to public spaces throughout Summit.[73] In 2019, the city was encouraging artists, including singer-songwriters, to perform at local venues in the downtown area, as part of its Summit Street Sounds program.

Parks and recreation

Summit Community Center

In 2019 the city finished the renovations of the expanded Summit Community Center. The renovated facility includes two gymnasiums, which allows indoor basketball for youth, a senior citizens lounge, a meeting room, administrative offices, a game room, and a small kitchen. There are two parking lots.

Local parks and reserves
The Watchung Reservation in autumn.
  • Reeves-Reed Arboretum is a suburban conservancy dedicated to environmental and horticultural education for children and adults and enjoyment of nature through the professional care and preservation of a historic country estate.[74]
  • "Briant Park, owned by Union County, New Jersey and located in the City of Summit and Springfield Township, covers 30.3 acres (12.3 ha). It is bordered along its western side by Park Drive, along the east by Shunpike Road, and on the northern side by Briant Parkway and Morris Avenue. A brook cuts through the park, and the park is connected via a greenway to Hidden Valley Park in the southeast. There is a pond for ice-skating and fishing, some picnic areas, athletic fields, and a fitness trail."[75][76]
  • "Hidden Valley Park, owned by Union County, New Jersey and located in the City of Summit and Springfield Township. The park contains 70.4 acres (28.5 ha) of basically undeveloped land that is connected via a greenway along Orchard Street to Briant Park. Hidden Valley Park is bordered along its southern edge by Interstate 78 and along the west by the residential neighborhoods along Baltusrol Road and Morris Avenue."[75][76] Its eastern border is adjacent to the now-closed Houdaille Quarry which is now parkland owned by the county.[76]
  • Passaic River Parkway, owned by Union County, New Jersey, is actually six small park areas along the Passaic River in western Union County (Summit, New Providence, Berkeley Heights). These areas are undeveloped with no facilities, and covers a total of 133.4 acres (54.0 ha). Area #1 in Summit and New Providence is located between Route 124 and the railroad tracks. The northern area of the park bordered by Morris County, and the southern area is bordered by River Road in Summit."[75]
  • Watchung Reservation is a 1,945-acre (787 ha) nature reserve and recreation area administered by the Union County Parks Department that is bounded by Summit, Mountainside, Berkeley Heights, Scotch Plains and Springfield Township. The reservation consists mainly of the upper valley of Blue Brook, between the ridges of First Watchung Mountain and Second Watchung Mountain. A dam near the headwaters of the creek creates Lake Surprise.[77]

Planned rail trail

As of 2022, construction is underway on the Summit Park Line, a 1.2-mile (1.9 km) pedestrian linear park that will run from Morris Avenue by the Overlook Medical Center to Briant Park, mostly along a segment of the abandoned Rahway Valley Railroad (RVRR).[78] The park will connect the central business district, another public park, walkways, and nature areas while offering a view of the Manhattan skyline.[79][80] Approved in December 2020,[80] the park's creation is fully funded by foundation grants and individual and corporate donations. Its creation is guided by the non-profit Summit Park Line Foundation. A footbridge over Morris Avenue in Summit was installed in October 2022.[81][82]

Beyond its Summit portion, area residents have pushed for the full abandoned RVRR Main Line to become a rail trail. Doing so would create a 7.3-mile pedestrian linear park along the RVRR main line from Summit to the southwest edge of Roselle Park and provide a protected greenway to connect several county parks akin to the High Line.[83][84] The rail trail would run eastbound from the Overlook Medical Center on the edge of downtown Summit as the Summit Park Line and then head south along the old railbed through Springfield, Union, and Kenilworth and ending at the southwest edge of Roselle Park at the Cranford border.

In 2022, as the Summit Park Line proceeds, advocates have also been pushing for immediate development of the RVRR Main Line portion south of Route 22, running southbound past the Galloping Hill Golf Course through Kenilworth and Roselle Park. The New Jersey Department of Transportation, which owns the railbed, has been working to clear its southern end for possible use as a trail.[85][86][87][88] Were the rail trail to expand even farther, beyond the 7.3 mile RVRR Main Line railbed, it could conceivably connect in the Cranford area with the unused Staten Island Rapid Transit line, eventually connecting to a bridge over the Arthur Kill in Linden.[89][90]

Government

Local government
Picture of a modern brick two-story building with a steeple and a sign saying "Summit" City Hall
City Hall at the intersection of Springfield Avenue and Morris Avenue has the city's police station, municipal court, municipal departments, and other offices

Summit operates under the city form of municipal government; one of 15 (of the 564) municipalities statewide that use this form.[91] On April 11, 1899, Summit voters adopted as the Charter of the City of Summit the Statute of 1899 applicable to cities of less than 12,000 population. On December 15, 1987, the New Jersey Legislature enacted a law that repealed the original charter, retaining those sections not covered by general law that were specific to Summit. The charter now specifies that "1: The council may, by referendum, change the term of the councilman at large from a two year term to a four year term. 2: Resolutions adopted by the council do not have to be approved by the mayor. 3: The council pro tempore shall be the acting mayor in the mayor's absence due to sickness or other cause. 4: The municipality may appoint an administrator in accordance with the provisions of N.J.S. 40A:9-136. 5: The municipality may adopt an administrative code."[3][92][93]

Members of the City Council are elected periodically and are unpaid volunteers.

The mayor is elected by the city for a four-year term and is the city's official spokesman and chief elected official. The mayor can appoint various officials, including the chief of police and the board of education. The mayor serves as the chairman of the Board of School Estimate and on various committees, and has the right to speak at common council meetings, but can only vote to break ties in the council. This bully pulpit role is considered the mayor's strongest power.

The city sponsors free outdoor concerts during summer months

The common council has the chief policy making and administrative oversight role in city government. The council approves all laws and adopts the city budget. The council also oversees the work of city department heads. The council is comprised of three members from Ward I and three members from Ward II plus one member elected at-large. The at-large member serves a two-year term of office, while the six ward members serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with one seat in each ward up for election each year. The council elects from its membership a president and a president pro tem, each serving a one-year term. The president presides at all council meetings, and the president pro tem presides in the president's absence. The president pro tem also serves as acting mayor in the absence of the mayor.

As of 2023, the mayor of Summit is Democrat Nora G. Radest, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023.[4] Members of the common council are Council President Greg S. Vartan III (D, 2024; Second Ward), President Pro Tempore Susan D. Hairston (D, 2023; First Ward), Lisa K. Allen (R, 2025; Second Ward), Marjorie Fox (D, 2023; Second Ward), Jaime Levine (D, 2023; At Large), Andy Minegar (D, 2024; First Ward) and Delia Hamlet (R, 2025; First Ward).[94][95][96][97][98][99]

In February 2021, the common council selected Lisa K. Allen from a list of three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the Second Ward seat expiring in December 2022 that had been held by Stephen Bowman until he resigned from office.[100] Allen served on an interim basis until the November 2021 general election, when she was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.[97]

Summit had been a stronghold of the Republican Party for years. From 1921 to 2001, no Democrats served in elected office and very few ran for office. The real elections occurred in the Republican primary. In 2001, two Democratic candidates were elected to council: Michel Bitritto won in Ward I and Jordan Glatt won the at-large seat. Summit had never elected a Democrat as mayor until 2003, when Jordan Glatt was elected.[101]

In November 2011, Republicans swept all the open seats, with Ellen Dickson elected mayor and Gregory Drummond, Patrick Hurley and Robert Rubino sweeping the three council seats, giving full control of city government back to the Republican party.[102]

Democrats began making inroads in the ensuing years, with the election of Nora Radest, a Democrat, for mayor in 2015, along with two Democratic council members (David Naidu and Richard Sun, who was the youngest-ever elected city official at the age of 24).[103] In November 2018, for the first time in Summit's history, Democrats were elected to hold the majority of seats on council.[104]

In November 2019, Susan Hairston was sworn in to the First Ward seat expiring in December 2020 that became vacant following the death of Matthew Gould.[105] In 2020, she was elected to the same seat, becoming the first African-American council member in city history.[106]

Michael F. Rogers is the city administrator of Summit. In this role, he directs day-to-day operations of city government and the city departments.[6]

The Department of Community Services is responsible for engineering, public works, and code administration.[107] The engineering division manages city infrastructure such as roads, curbs, sewers, and provide support to the planning and zoning boards.[107] Public works maintains streets, trees, traffic signs, public parks, traffic islands, playgrounds, public buildings, support vehicles, equipment, and has other responsibilities.[107] The city runs a municipal disposal area / solid waste transfer station where recyclables are collected, including bulky trash; residents must have a town-generated sticker on their cars to use this facility.[107] Certain trees require government permission in the form of a permit before being removed.[107] Summit provides for snow plowing 66 miles (106 km) of roads, covering all city streets, except for county roads.[107] The city has embarked on a program of "Bringing Art to Public Spaces in Summit"; this program, established in 2002, has placed sculptures at different venues around the town and is supported in part by private donations.[108] The Summit Chamber of Commerce advertises the town on cable television.[49]

In 2018, the city had an average property tax bill of $17,919, the highest in the county, compared to an average bill of $8,767 statewide.[109]

Federal, state and county representation

Summit is located in the 7th Congressional District[110] and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district.[111][112][113]

For the 118th United States Congress. New Jersey's Seventh Congressional District is represented by Thomas Kean Jr. (R, Westfield).[114] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[115] and Bob Menendez (Englewood Cliffs, term ends 2025).[116][117]

For the 2022–2023 session, the 21st Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Jon Bramnick (R, Westfield) and in the General Assembly by Michele Matsikoudis (R, New Providence) and Nancy Munoz (R, Summit).[118]

Union County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners, whose nine members are elected at-large to three-year terms of office on a staggered basis with three seats coming up for election each year, with an appointed County Manager overseeing the day-to-day operations of the county. At an annual reorganization meeting held in the beginning of January, the board selects a Chair and Vice Chair from among its members.[119] As of 2023, Union County's County Commissioners are: Rebecca Williams (D, Plainfield, 2025),[120] Angela R. Garettson (D, Hillsdale, 2023),[121] James E. Baker Jr. (D, Rahway, 2024),[122] Angela R. Garretson (D, Hillside, 2023),[123] Chair Sergio Granados (D, Elizabeth, 2025),[124] Bette Jane Kowalski (D, Cranford, 2025),[125] Lourdes M. Leon (D, Elizabeth, 2023),[126] Alexander Mirabella (D, Fanwood, 2024)[127] and Vice Chair Kimberly Palmieri-Mouded (D, Westfield, 2024).[128][129]

Constitutional officers elected on a countywide basis are: County Clerk Joanne Rajoppi (D, Union Township, 2025),[130][131] Sheriff Peter Corvelli (D, Kenilworth, 2023)[132][133] and Surrogate Christopher E. Hudak.[134][135]

Politics

As of March 2021, there were a total of 16,171 registered voters in Summit, of which 6,048 (37.4% vs. 49.6% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 4,014 (24.8% vs. 15.8%) were registered as Republicans and 6,109 (37.7% vs. 34.5%) were registered as Unaffiliated.[136] Among the city's 2020 Census population, 68.6% (vs. 58.9% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 94.9% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 77% countywide).[136][137]

In the 2020 Presidential election, Democrat Joe Biden received 8,500 votes (67.2% vs. 62.8% countywide) ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 3,846 votes (30.4% vs. 35.5% countywide).[138] In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 5,776 votes (60.3% vs. 65.9% countywide) ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 3,210 votes (33.5% vs.30.5% countywide) and other candidates with 421 votes (4.4% vs. 3.6% countywide).[139] In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 4,895 votes (49.4% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 4,859 votes (49.1% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 109 votes (1.1% vs. 0.8%), among the 9,899 ballots cast by the city's 14,330 registered voters, for a turnout of 69.1% (vs. 68.8% in Union County).[140][141] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 5,820 votes (54.5% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 4,700 votes (44.0% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 88 votes (0.8% vs. 0.9%), among the 10,677 ballots cast by the city's 13,690 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.0% (vs. 74.7% in Union County).[142] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 5,183 votes (50.0% vs. 40.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 5,068 votes (48.9% vs. 58.3%) and other candidates with 75 votes (0.7% vs. 0.7%), among the 10,360 ballots cast by the city's 13,159 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.7% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).[143]

In the 2017 gubernatorial election, Democrat Phil Murphy received 57.2% of the vote (3,495 votes) ahead of Republican Kim Guadagno with 41.2% (2,520 votes) and other candidates with 1.6% (99 votes) among the 6,114 total votes cast by the city's 15,131 registered voters for a turnout of 40.4%.[144][145] In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 68.1% of the vote (3,971 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 30.6% (1,785 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (76 votes), among the 5,928 ballots cast by the city's 14,076 registered voters (96 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 42.1%.[146][147] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine was defeated in his hometown when Republican Chris Christie received 3,682 votes (50.3% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead his 3,014 votes (41.2% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 543 votes (7.4% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 43 votes (0.6% vs. 0.8%), among the 7,323 ballots cast by the city's 13,435 registered voters, yielding a 54.5% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).[148]

Education
Jefferson School, one of Summit's five elementary schools

Students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade are educated by the Summit Public Schools.[149] As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of nine schools, had an enrollment of 3,961 students and 349.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.3:1.[150] Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[151]) are Jefferson Primary Center[152] (128 students; in grades Pre-K–K), Wilson Primary Center[153] (138; Pre-K–K), Brayton School[154] (340; 1–5), Franklin School[155] (336; 1–5), Jefferson School[156] (227; 1–5), Lincoln-Hubbard School[157] (314; 1–5), Washington School[158] (346; 1–5), Lawton C. Johnson Summit Middle School[159] (942; 6–8) and Summit High School[160] (1,169; 9–12).[161]

The district's board of education is comprised of seven members who set policy and oversee the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type I school district, the board's trustees are appointed by the Mayor to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three members up for reappointment each year. Of the more than 600 school districts statewide, Summit is one of 15 districts with appointed school districts. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the district's day-to-day operations and a business administrator to supervise the business functions of the district.[162][163][164][165][166]

Private schools

Youth sports
Summit's Family Aquatic Center has a water slide, an Olympic-sized outdoor pool, and the youth swim team is called the Summit Sharks

Summit has sports programs for youth including basketball, baseball, soccer, and football leagues through the Recreation Center. In addition, the YMCA organizes sports clinics and teams including the Summit Area YMCA "Seals" Swim Team. At age eight, children can try out for a traveling soccer program called the Summit Soccer Club, a nonprofit dedicated to the development of youth soccer in the city. Travel soccer runs for both the fall and spring seasons.

Lacrosse is a popular sport with high school teams achieving distinction at state and national levels.[174][175] Summit holds the third most NJSIAA Boys Group Titles. Since the Tournament of Champions (TOC) began in 2004, Summit has made the tournament 11 times. Summit has the fourth-most championship titles (2) and has finished runner-up four times. Prior to the new championship format, Summit was crowned champion twice with one runner-up finish.[176]Summit High School boys' team won the state's Tournament of Champions in 2010 and 2009 and lost by one goal in the 2011 final. Summit holds the New Jersey state (and possibly national) high school record with 68 consecutive victories during 2009 to 2011.[177] The 2012 team was ranked second in New Jersey in May 2012 and in the top 20 nationally. Beginning in first grade, boys and girls can learn to play lacrosse in clinics and teams organized by the Summit Lacrosse Club.[178] Many Division 1 lacrosse players have come from Summit, either through Summit High School, or via private schools.

Real estate and housing
View of houses after a snowfall

Summit residential real estate is among the most expensive in the state. The 2018 median home price was $987,583.[179] Real estate taxes vary; an $800,000 four-bedroom, 2-full-bath, 2-partial-bath single-family home built in 1939 had taxes of $16,000 in 2009.[180] As of 2018, the average property tax bill in the city of Summit was $17,930, the 14th highest in the state.[181]

Summit, along with many suburban communities in the United States, adopted a policy of zoning ordinances requiring a single-family house on a large lot and could thereby "exclude any undesirable influences that might erode property values", a requirement that effectively excluded apartment buildings and multi-family dwellings, and tended to raise the price of houses. One study found that since 1945, the single-family house on a large lot zoning mechanism "has been increasingly used in suburban and rural areas to safeguard particular vested interests."[182] A reporter from The New York Times who is a Summit resident criticized the city for being an "economically, racially and ideologically homogenized populace" with "a growing divide between Summit's haves and have-nots."[183] He elaborated in 2006: "there's an ever-diminishing corner of the city akin to the so-called slums of Beverly Hills, where middle-income homeowners like me can take advantage of the schools and services of Summit without the million-dollar price tags so ubiquitous on the other side of the Midtown Direct tracks."[183] But he preferred the city as a place to raise and educate his children.[183] One developer sued the city in 2005 to comply with New Jersey's Fair Housing Act to provide more affordable housing units.[183] The city is working on a "housing master plan" to avoid future lawsuits from developers.[183] In 2011, volunteers with Habitat for Humanity, in conjunction with church groups including St. Teresa of Avila and the Unitarian Church led by Vanessa Southern, constructed affordable housing on Morris Avenue.[184]

Union County, which includes Summit, had the 10th highest property taxes in the nation as of 2010, based on data gathered by the National Taxpayers Union.[185]

Landmarks
Chapel of the monastery of Dominican Nuns
The Summit Diner at the corner of Summit Avenue and Union Place
Horse trough (center left) in winter
picture of a building on the other side of a street.
Summit Public Library in 2009, looking west, across Maple Street
  • The Summit Downtown Historic District is on the United States Department of Interior National Register of Historic Places.[186]
  • The Carter House – at 90 Butler Parkway, Summit's oldest known structure, built in 1741, now home to the Summit Historical Society.[187]
  • The DeBary Inn was built in 1880 as one of the private residences of (Samuel) Frederick De Bary, a merchant of French wines, liquors, and other imported beverages.[188][189] In 1916, the land was subdivided and sold, the house was moved 200 feet (61 m), and it opened as a hotel in 1923; later it housed senior citizens. Authorities and rules stymied an effort to turn it into a bed and breakfast in the early 2000s, and at present it serves as an "executive boutique inn" partially owned by CNBC host Jim Cramer.[189]
  • Vanderpoel Castle was a large residence built by George Vanderpoel in 1885. It was located on a 15-acre estate adjacent to Vanderpoel pond on what is now the Summit Municipal Golf Course, near the intersection of River Road, Route 24 and JFK Parkway. Later divided into apartments, it was demolished in 1969.[190][191][192]
  • The Grand Summit Hotel (formerly The Summit Suburban Hotel) hosts a variety of events, including stockholder meetings.[193]
  • The Kent Place School occupies a large block bordered by Kent Place Boulevard, Norwood Avenue, and Morris Avenue near downtown Summit. Its Mabie House was built in 1931.
  • Dominican Monastery of Our Lady of the Rosary monastery is located on Springfield Avenue.[194]
  • The Summit Diner, located on the corner of Union Place & Summit Avenue, is a 1938 O'Mahony diner that has wood paneled walls, eight booths and 20 stools. It is said to be the oldest operating diner in the state.[195]
  • Summit Free Public Library offers a wide range of books, CDs, DVDs, internet access, special programs, and is located at the corner of Maple Street and Morris Avenue.[196]
  • Twin Maples is a registered Historic Place at Springfield Avenue and Edgewood Road. Constructed in 1908 based on a design by architect Alfred F. Norris, it is home to the Summit Fortnightly Club and the Junior Fortnightly.[197]
  • The United States Postal Service is on Maple Street near the downtown.

Transportation

Roads and highways
Interstate 78 in Summit

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 84.80 miles (136.47 km) of roadways, of which 66.94 miles (107.73 km) were maintained by the municipality, 14.72 miles (23.69 km) by Union County and 3.14 miles (5.05 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[198]

Route 24[199] and Route 124[200] run along the eastern boundary of Summit, and Interstate 78 runs along the southern boundary.[201] County Routes 512,[202] 527[203] and 649[204] also pass through the city.[205]

Parking is an ongoing issue. There are several free two-hour-limit parking lots for shoppers, as well as metered parking on main streets. The city council has conducted studies to explore further parking options.[206]

Public transportation
Summit Station

NJ Transit's Morristown Line and Gladstone Branch merge at Summit station,[207] providing frequent passenger service to New York's Penn Station and Hoboken Terminal. The train ride from Summit to New York is about 50 minutes (local) or 35 minutes (express). One reporter wrote: "The train line dominates Summit, bisecting its handsome commercial district from the town green on a sunken track, like a Dutch canal."[46]

NJ Transit offers bus service to and from Newark on the 70 route with local Wheels service on the 986 route.[208]

Lakeland Bus Lines (Route 78) provides direct service to and from Manhattan during peak commuting hours.[209]

Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark / Elizabeth is about 15 minutes away via Interstate 78.

Media

Daily newspapers serving the community are The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Star-Ledger.

Locally, Summit is served by the Summit Herald-Dispatch and the Independent Press, the latter of which is based in New Providence and serves the City of Summit and several surrounding communities. Both newspapers are published on a weekly basis. Summit is also served by the online news source, The Alternative Press[210][211][212]

Summit is home to HomeTowne Television (HTTV), a cable television station providing public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV programming. HTTV's signal reaches municipalities in Union, Essex and Morris counties via Verizon channel 33 and Comcast channel 36. The station produces original content weekly and provides live streaming from hometownetv.org. The station is run by station manager, Amanda Olsen.[213][214][215]

In "Mr. Monk and the End", the series finale of the cable TV show Monk, the fictional character of Randy Disher reveals he is leaving San Francisco because he has been offered the job as the chief of police of Summit, New Jersey. He is also going there to marry his longtime crush, Sharona Fleming.[216] Following this up, in the 2012 novel Mr. Monk on Patrol, Randy has to bring Monk in after a corruption scandal sweeps the Summit government, leading to Randy becoming acting mayor.

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Summit include:

Points of interest
  • Watchung Reservation, a nature reserve, borders Summit to the south.
  • Downtown Summit has a variety of restaurants of different cuisines.
  • Memorial Field features athletic fields, a play area for children, and tennis and basketball courts.
  • Canoe Brook Country Club
  • Beacon Hill Club
  • New Jersey Visual Arts Center
  • Summit Free Public Library
  • Summit Family Aquatic Center
  • Summit Community Center
  • Summit Area YMCA

Non-profit and charitable organizations
  • Other Fellow First Foundation. Headquartered at the Summit Diner since its founding in 2000, the Other Fellow First Foundation uses its small endowment to quickly aid New Jersey families in distress. It has raised and given away more than $6,000,000 to people and local non-profit organizations. They run a yearly "Frozen Turkey Drive" and have raised money for SAGE Eldercare's Meals on Wheels program, the Summit Volunteer First Aid Squad's new building, and other causes.[349][350][351][352]
  • GRACE.[353] Founded in 2016 by the Junior League of Summit with The Connection and The United Way, GRACE (Giving and Receiving Assistance for our Community's Essentials) give food and basic necessities to local families in need. Until 2020, the all-volunteer program supported the weekly needs of about 100 local families; the pandemic pushed that number to more than 500. In 2020, GRACE achieved 501c(3) status and became a part of the City's Department of Community Programs. GRACE is headquartered at Cornog Field House at Soldier's Memorial Field in Summit.[354][355][356]
  • Bridges Outreach. Founded in 1988, Bridges Outreach in 2020 delivered 65,000 brown bag meals, 10,000 pairs of underwear and socks, 7,500 toiletry kits, 49,000 cups of soup, and other clothing to more than 21,000 people in New York City, Newark, Irvington, and Summit.[357][358][359][360][361]
  • SHIP (Summit Helping Its People). Founded in 1990 by the Summit Interfaith Clergy Fellowship and supported solely by donations, SHIP serves more than 15,000 lunch and dinner meals each year to homeless and at-risk homeless people not served by other local programs.[362][363]
  • Summit Marches On.[364] Founded in 2017 to advocate for progressive causes, voter education/engagement, and to organize local events and initiatives to support the community. Their charitable initiatives include: SHIELD of Summit, which matches senior citizens and the infirm with volunteer grocery shoppers; the Fabric Mask Assembly line; the Summit Volunteer Hub on Facebook, which matches charities and volunteers; and collaborations with a variety of local organizations on fundraising and good-raising initiatives.[365][366][367][368][369][370]
  • Empowering Kids Organization. Founded in 2019, the group works to help underprivileged kids by connecting their families with opportunities and resources, such as tutoring, camps, and art and improv classes.[371]
  • Family Promise.[372] Founded in 1986 as a local charity, the organization now has affiliates nationwide. It works to help homeless and low-income families achieve independence through community efforts.[373][374][375][376][377]

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  174. Kaplan, Dave. "'A Natural' Returns Home", The New York Times, May 8, 2005. Accessed July 31, 2018. "The visitor was Willie Wilson, Summit's famous and once-favorite son. For the first time in 25 years, he was dropping by where he had been one of the greatest schoolboy athletes in New Jersey history and had become a larger-than-life legend.... Two of the most popular sports in Summit today are lacrosse and soccer, which were afterthoughts in Mr. Wilson's day."
  175. Vincent Velasquez (June 3, 2010). "Top-seeded Summit defeats Ridge 11-4 to head to tournament final". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on June 6, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2012. No. 1 Summit beat No. 10 Ridge, 11-4. Summit has won 44 straight games, tying the state's all-time record for consecutive victories set by Ridgewood from 1990 to 1992.
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  183. Cahillane, Kevin. "Soapbox; Say, Pal, Can You Spare a BMW?", The New York Times, February 19, 2016. Accessed July 31, 2018. "In fact, there's an ever-diminishing corner of the city akin to the so-called slums of Beverly Hills, where middle-income homeowners like me can take advantage of the schools and services of Summit without the million-dollar price tags so ubiquitous on the other side of the Midtown Direct tracks."
  184. Liz Keill (January 5, 2011). "Summit's first Habitat structure rises on Morris Avenue". Independent Press. Retrieved July 31, 2011. ... "When the framing goes up it will be magical," said Vanessa Southern, rector of The Unitarian Church in Summit. ...
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  193. Patricia Sabatini and Len Boselovic (April 2, 2008). "Location of Mylan shareholders meeting questioned". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved October 18, 2009.
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  195. Genovese, Peter. "N.J's best diner: What to eat at the oldest diner in the state", December 4, 2015, updated January 17, 2019. Accessed December 28, 2019. "Change came to the Summit Diner in Summit three years ago. The bathrooms were renovated, and a new oven hood installed. That's about as serious as change gets at this classic diner, the state's oldest and the latest stop in our search for N.J.'s diner."
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  206. Jessica Henretta (March 26, 2009). "Parking and Financial Issues Dominate Summit Council Meeting". The Alternative Press. Retrieved July 19, 2011. ... parking study, the purpose of which was to discover the options for adding parking spaces in Summit. ...
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  211. Stone, Brad. "MSNBC.com Acquires EveryBlock, a Hyperlocal News Start-up", The New York Times, August 17, 2009. Accessed July 31, 2018. "New Jersey's all-online hyperlocal daily newspaper serving the residents of Berkeley Heights, Chatham Borough, Chatham Township, Livingston, Madison, Millburn/Short Hills, New Providence, Summit, and Westfield."
  212. Kelly Heyboer (May 6, 2008). "For sale: Using local blogs for spring cleaning". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved June 15, 2010. The Alternative Press-- a local blog covering Summit, Berkeley Heights and New Providence-- recently started offering readers free classified ads.
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  216. Hale, Mike. "Monk: Here's What Happened", The New York Times, December 5, 2009. Accessed December 31, 2012. "In a sweet closing montage, we got a peek into the near future: Randy (Jason-Gray Stanford) settling into his new job as police chief of Summit, N.J...."
  217. Biese, Alex. "'GarciaLive' captures a brilliant moment at Passaic's Capitol Theatre", Asbury Park Press, March 14, 2013. Accessed October 11, 2015. "Garcia and the band —Summit native Ozzie Ahlers on keyboards, John Kahn on bass and Johnny De DeFoncesca on drums — are on fire from the first note of the two shows preserved here."
  218. Robert Arellano, Mostly Fiction. Accessed October 11, 2015. "Robert Arellano was born in Summit, New Jersey in 1969."
  219. Weinberg, David. "Dallas wide receiver Miles Austin making New Jersey proud", The Press of Atlantic City, November 5, 2009. Accessed February 17, 2011. "Austin is a Summit, N.J., native, who attended Garfield High School."
  220. Michael Badgley, Miami Hurricanes football. Accessed October 14, 2018. "Hometown: Summit, N.J.; High School: Summit Senior... Son of Chris and Leanne Badgley"
  221. Staff. "Kings Pick Two, Trade Huet For Garon On First Day Of Draft", OurSportsCentral.com, June 26, 2004. Accessed February 18, 2011. "Baier, 19, was the final selection by the Kings (third round, 95th overall) today. In 23 games last season with Deerfield Academy in Massachusetts, the 6-foot-3, 212-pounder from Summit, New Jersey, recorded 10 points (6-4=10) and 22 penalty minutes."
  222. Whitty, Stephen. "NYFCC awards go to Saoirse Ronan, 'Girls Trip,' NJ director", Inside Jersey, November 30, 2017. Accessed June 26, 2018. "And Summit native Sean Baker's heartbreaking The Florida Project, about a struggling single mother and her amazingly resilient daughter, was not far behind, with a best director award for Baker and a best supporting actor prize for Willem Dafoe."
  223. Hosseson, Lillian and Daitch, Vicki. "True Genius: The Life and Science of John Bardeen", p. 117. "Soon, however, life in Summit would become easy and rich for the Bardeens."
  224. Wendy Barker, Poets & Writers. Accessed February 18, 2011.
  225. Coombs, Joe. "Tony Barr: President/founder of Barr Systems Inc.", The Gainesville Sun, May 15, 2003. Accessed October 11, 2018. "Hometown: Summit, N.J."
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  227. Turpin, Craig. "New Jersey FairTax talk in Somerville about Missouri tax proposal's impact on state business", Somerset Reporter, April 19, 2009. Accessed February 18, 2011. "Others who attended but who are not shown in the picture are Carol Hartlove of Somerville, Jim Bennett of Summit, Stan Serafin of Watchung, Linda Terczak of Union and Doug Dash of Collingswood. The fair tax is a federal tax reform proposal to replace corporate and individual income taxes, payroll taxes and estate and gift taxes with a national retail consumption tax."
  228. White, Neil. "Mark Berson: Still the one and only", The State, October 27, 2012. Accessed October 11, 2015. "A 1975 graduate of North Carolina, where he was a goalkeeper for the Tar Heels soccer team, Berson, who attended Summit High School in New Jersey, found a permanent home in the Palmetto State."
  229. Leimbach, Dulcie. "Art; A Master and His Mecca on West 24th St.", The New York Times, February 8, 1998. Accessed April 27, 2012. "Robert Hamilton Blackburn was born in Summit, N.J., to parents who were from Jamaica. When he was 7, his family moved to Harlem."
  230. Staff. "Block, Brett Ellen 1973–", Contemporary Authors, 2008. Accessed February 18, 2011.
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  232. Walter H. Brattain : The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Accessed May 23, 2013. "Dr. Brattain lives in Summit, New Jersey, near the Murray Hill (N.J.) laboratory of Bell Telephone Laboratories."
  233. via Associated Press. "Arthur Brooks, Last American World War I Fighter-Pilot Ace", The Seattle Times, July 20, 1991. Accessed February 20, 2011, "Summit, N.J. - Arthur Raymond Brooks, a World War I ace who shot down six planes and whose fighter is on display at the Smithsonian Institution, died this week at his home. He was 95."
  234. Freeman, Mike via The New York Times. "Under Pressure Giants QB Brown Must Come Through For His New Coach", Rocky Mountain News, April 13, 1997. Accessed February 20, 2011. "Brown is a native of Summit, N.J., and it can indeed be a curse to play for the team you watched growing up."
  235. Wallace, William N. "Dibbs Ousts Kriek to Reach Quarterfinals", The New York Times, May 8, 1981. Accessed May 23, 2013. "Purcell, a 21-year-old blond from Murray, Ky., won every game but the first one in beating Fritz Buehning, 6-1, 6-0, in 42 minutes. Buehning, from Summit, N.J., had knocked out Gerulaitis."
  236. Campbell, Levin Hicks, Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, Federal Judicial Center. Accessed February 20, 2011.
  237. Carino, Jerry. "John Carroll's son commits to RU", Courier News, October 27, 2009. Accessed October 11, 2015. "His dad knows the New Jersey hardwood scene well. John Carroll starred at Summit High School in the early 1970s and served as an assistant coach at Seton Hall for seven years, culminating in the Pirates' 1989 Final Four appearance."
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  240. Brooks, Brian. "indieWIRE Interview: Laurie Collyer, director of Sherrybaby", indiewire, September 7, 2006. Accessed September 9, 2015. "I was born in Summit, New Jersey exactly one year after the Velvet Underground played their debut concert at Summit high school. I lived all my life in Mountainside, New Jersey until I went to Oberlin College at age 17."
  241. Staff. "Comstock Fights Saloons; Has Two Licenses in Summit, N.J., Held Up Until Grand Jury Can Act.", The New York Times, January 8, 1899. Accessed October 11, 2015. ""Anthony Comstock appeared in court here to-day in opposition to the granting of saloon licenses in Summit, where he lives."
  242. Staff. "William A. Conway Jr., bank president, traveler, 95", The Chatham Courier, April 6, 2006. Accessed October 11, 2015. "Mr. Conway lived in Summit at various times since 1944. He lived in Chatham for 25 years, moving from the borough in the mid-1980s."
  243. Westfeldt, Amy. "NJ Sen. Candidates Go to Same Church", Associated Press, July 27, 2000, accessed April 23, 2007. "Corzine, who lives in Summit, has been at Christ Church, an interdenominational mix of Baptist and United Church of Christ, for more than 20 years. ..."
  244. Kocieniewski, David; and McGeehan, Patrick. "Corzine's Mix: Bold Ambitions, Rough Edges", The New York Times, November 2, 2005. Accessed January 1, 2008. "But within a year, he had left his wife and the stately New Jersey house in Summit where they had raised their three children. He moved to a Hoboken apartment building that was also home to the Giants quarterbacks Eli Manning and Jesse Palmer."
  245. Lowe, Denise. An encyclopedic dictionary of women in early American films, 1895-1930, p. 134. Psychology Press, 2005. ISBN 0-7890-1843-8. Accessed February 20, 2011.
  246. Staff. "The Mad Man Of Wall Street: Jim Cramer wants to make you a lot of money. He's got plenty himself, so why does he bother?", Bloomberg Businessweek, October 31, 2005. Accessed February 18, 2011. "After scanning headlines online, checking messages, and shooting e-mails to his TV producer, he works out in his Summit (N.J.) home gym until 5.30 a.m., when he calls traders and brokers and writes his first online story."
  247. James Cramer profile Archived 2007-04-19 at the Wayback Machine, accessed April 23, 2007. "Jim recently published his first two books, Confessions of a Street Addict and You Got Screwed, and his third book, Jim Cramer's RealMoney is due out in April, 2005. He lives in Summit, New Jersey, with his wife and two girls."
  248. Beale, Lewis. "Full Frame to honor filmmaker Marshall Curry", The News & Observer, April 4, 2015. Accessed October 11, 2015. "The filmmaker: Marshall Curry, 45. Residence: A native of Summit, N.J., now lives in Brooklyn, N.Y."
  249. Cahillane, Kevin. "In Person; The Smartest Guy in Summit?", The New York Times, March 5, 2006. Accessed July 31, 2018. "So, for one night at least -- the Oscars are Sunday night -- Summit will be in the spotlight as Mr. Gibney joins Marshall Curry (Summit High School class of 1988 and director of the film Street Fight, about the 2002 Newark mayoral election) as an Academy Award nominee in the Best Feature Documentary category."
  250. Mayne, Paul. "Davenport honoured by Jewish National Fund", Western News, June 1, 2008. Accessed February 18, 2011. "I am being honoured tonight for my commitment to tolerance and respect for diversity. Those were values I grew up with in our home in Summit, New Jersey. My parents, Ted and Charlotte Davenport, believed strongly in equality among people, respect for others, and opposing discrimination wherever it appeared."
  251. Staff. "Benjamin Day, Inventor.", The New York Times, August 31, 1916. Accessed October 11, 2015.
  252. Tommasini, Anthony. "Leonard de Paur Dies at 83; Lincoln Center Administrator", The New York Times, November 11, 1998. Accessed February 19, 2011. "Mr. de Paur used to say there was never a time when he could not remember wanting to be a musician. He was born in Summit, N.J., on Nov. 18, 1914. And though his father, a lawyer active in local politics, was at first dismayed by his son's choice of career, both of Mr. de Paur's parents were music lovers."
  253. "Star Ledger columnist, Mark DiIonno, will speak at Summit Public Library", Independent Press, September 1, 2012, updated March 30, 2019. Accessed November 29, 2020. "Di Ionno, a resident of Mountain Lakes, grew up in Summit where he attended high school."
  254. Marchioni, Tonimarie. "Q&A With Lawrence Dillon", The Juilliard Journal, March 2011. Accessed October 11, 2015. "Born in Summit, N.J., in 1959, Dillon is now composer in residence at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts, where he has served as music director of the Contemporary Ensemble, assistant dean of performance, and interim dean of the School of Music."
  255. The Papers of Daniel Doan in the Dartmouth College Library, Dartmouth College. Accessed February 20, 2011. "Born February 23, 1914, in Summit, New Jersey, Daniel Doan was a summer resident of Orford, New Hampshire until 1929, when he and his widowed mother moved to Hanover."
  256. Katz, Michael. "Donohue, on the Way Out, Views Things From Top; Calendar of Motor Sports", The New York Times, November 4, 1973. Accessed February 18, 2011. "In the nineteen fifties, when Dwight Eisenhower was President and Marilyn Monroe was the queen and Elvis Presley was becoming king, Mark Donohue was growing up in Summit, N.J., 'when the hot rod phenomenon came East from California and caught me up in it.'"
  257. O'Neill, Erin Eileen. "Summit to host inaugural food festival to bolster business", The Star-Ledger, July 22, 2009. Accessed February 18, 2011. "Local restaurant owner and Summit resident David Drake will also participate in this weekend's festival."
  258. Lustig, Jay. "Song of the Day: 'Firing Room,' East River Pipe", The Star-Ledger, December 29, 2010. Accessed February 19, 2011. "East River Pipe is the recording name of F.M. Cornog of Summit, who has released six albums and two EPs since 1994 (most recently, What Are You On?, in 2006), and has never performed his material live."
  259. Marrapese-Burrell, Nancy. "Winning combination: Edgar preps for lightweight title defense by adding boxing to repertoire", The Boston Globe, August 28, 2010. Accessed February 18, 2011. "Frankie Edgar didn't expect his life to change very much when he beat BJ Penn for the UFC lightweight title on April 10. The Summit, N.J., native said he surrounds himself with friends he has known since high school and none of them was going to let success go to his head."
  260. Brian Edwards Archived August 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's soccer. Accessed August 6, 2014. "Personal:... born Oct. 6, 1984 in Summit, N.J. ... the son of Mark & Kathy Edwards."
  261. Staff. "Mrs. Grayce Fisher Married to Broker; Granddaughter of Late William Martin, Envoy at Peiping, Wed to Alan Louis Eggers.", The New York Times May 25, 1935. Accessed February 17, 2011.
  262. Staff. "Superior Court Judge Marianne Espinosa of Union County Elevated to Appellate Division", New Jersey Courts, July 2, 2009. Accessed October 11, 2015. "Judge Espinosa, a Summit resident, has two daughters."
  263. Kellogg, Carolyn. "Maggie Estep dies at 50; writer and spoken word artist: After MTV scouts found her, the New Yorker helped shape the slam poetry movement by backing her spoken word with a rock band.", The Los Angeles Times, February 13, 2014. Accessed October 11, 2015. "Margaret Estep was born on March 20, 1963, in Summit, N.J."
  264. Fitzpatrick, Kevin C.; and Meade, Marion. A Journey Into Dorothy Parker's New York, Roaring Forties Press, 2005. ISBN 0-9766706-0-7. Accessed February 20, 2011.
  265. Peterson, Iver. "Quiet Town Expects Its Senate Nominees to Run With Dignity", The New York Times, June 21, 2000. Accessed October 11, 2015. "Mr. Corzine, the multimillionaire bond trader and liberal Democrat, lives in the rich North Side, while Mr. Franks, the journeyman moderate who founded the Summit High School Young Republicans while he was in school, grew up here and now has a home in a kind of suburb of a suburb at Berkeley Heights, the next town over."
  266. Walsh, Erin. "Meet Kristine Frøseth. SBJCT spoke with Kristine as she embarks on her latest role in The First Lady. Get to know her take on surrendering, compassion, and approaching it all with a sense of calm. Oh, and remembering to treat your thoughts like visitors. Begin Again with Kristine, and read on below…", SBJCT Journal, June 8, 2022. Accessed November 7, 2022. "KRISTINE FRØSETH I was born in Summit, NJ, but spent my entire upbringing moving back and forth between NJ and various places outside of Oslo, Norway."
  267. Dresser, Michael. "Gansler to launch campaign for governor", The Baltimore Sun, September 24, 2013. Accessed August 30, 2019. "Douglas F. Gansler Born: Summit, N.J., Oct. 30, 1962"
  268. Kuczka, Susan. "Politics Just Part Of Gash's Resume", Chicago Tribune, October 30, 2000. Accessed June 21, 2017. "Gash, who was born in Summit, N.J., and grew up in nearby Berkeley Heights, became a fixture in Highland Park after the family moved there in 1986, the same year their second child, Ben, was born."
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  270. Tsai, Martin. "Alex Gibney's latest documentary corners Eliot Spitzer", The Star-Ledger, November 10, 2010. Accessed October 14, 2018. "Even though Alex Gibney has an Oscar, an Emmy, a Peabody and a Grammy sitting on his mantel, his life seems pretty much that of an ordinary Jersey guy. He commutes daily from Summit to his Manhattan office via the Lincoln Tunnel."
  271. Lawler, Sylvia. "Charles Gibson Perfectly Happy as GMA Equal", The Morning Call, August 30, 1987. Accessed February 17, 2011. "Charlie, his wife Arlene, and their two daughters, had just spent their first night in a new home in Summit, N.J., where Mrs. Gibson is headmistress of a girls school before he headed out west to talk to the press."
  272. Davie Given, Elite Hockey Prospects. Accessed January 4, 2018. "Birthplace: Summit, NJ, USA"
  273. Bondy, Filip. "Goldblatt Helps Relay Rally — Enthusiasm's Not Thorpedoed", New York Daily News, September 20, 2000. Accessed November 2, 2018. "Goldblatt, 21, born in Summit, has been training and competing in Austin, where he was a student this year at the University of Texas, majoring in sports management."
  274. Joseph Greenspan, Navy Midshipmen men's soccer. Accessed November 2, 2018. "born in Summit, N.J. ... son of Brian and Andrea Greenspan"
  275. Perpener, John O. African-American concert dance: the Harlem Renaissance and beyond, p. 56., University of Illinois Press, 2001. ISBN 0-252-02675-6. Accessed February 19, 2011.
  276. Larson, Erik. "Trump's Lawyer Leads Counterattack From Her 5-Attorney Firm; Alina Habba is spearheading the former president’s aggressive legal tactics", Bloomberg News. May 13, 2022. Accessed January 22, 2023. "Habba and her two siblings were born in Summit, New Jersey, to Iraqi immigrant parents who thrived in the U.S. after fleeing persecution of Catholic Arabs in the early 80s."
  277. Staff. "Calm Battler for Rights; Norman Spencer Hill Jr.", The New York Times, September 14, 1964. Accessed February 19, 2011. "Norman Hill was born in Summit, N.J., where his parents still live and his father has a dental practice."
  278. "Nomination of Constance Horner To Be an Associate Director of ACTION", Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, March 23, 1983. Accessed August 6, 2014. "She was born February 24, 1942, in Summit, N.J."
  279. Frederick E. Humphreys: First Military Pilot, New York State Military Museum. Accessed February 19, 2011. "Frederick Erastus Humphreys was born September 16, 1883, at Summit, New Jersey, the only child of Jay and Fannie Brush Humphreys."
  280. DiIonno, Mark. "'The Sopranos' and stereotypes, perfect together", The Star-Ledger, June 10, 2007. Accessed February 18, 2011. "There was a kid in Summit back in the '60s and early '70s named Tracy Morrow. He was an okay kid, a little mouthy, but just a regular kid. With braces. And a bicycle. And two parents."
  281. Guide to the Papers of Charles R. Jackson, circa 1920 - circa 1970, Dartmouth College. Accessed February 20, 2011. "Charles Reginald Jackson was born in Summit, New Jersey, on April 6, 1903, the third of five children of Frederick George and Sarah Williams Jackson."
  282. Schaefer, Caroline. "Most Stylish New Yorkers 2012: Nikki M. James", Us Magazine, September 12, 2012. Accessed August 6, 2014. "The pieces she always reaches for? 'J Brand skinny jeans, a great white V-neck t-shirt, and a fitted black tank,' says James, who was born in Summit, New Jersey."
  283. Adams, Betty Livingston (2016). Black Women's Christian Activism: Seeking Social Justice in a Northern Suburb. New York: NYU Press. ISBN 9780814745465.
  284. Carter, Barry. "Former Olympic fighter sees gold in young Newark boxer's future", The Star-Ledger, August 16, 2016. Accessed November 23, 2017. "But Jones, a then-21-year-old Marine lance corporal, did everything right against Valeri Tregubov in their light-middleweight bout. He was in shape. He was aggressive. He cut off the ring, demonstrating how he did it before we watched the Stevenson fight at his home in Summit."
  285. Susan Kenney (1941 - ) Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine, Waterboro Public Library Maine Writers Index, July 30, 2007. Accessed February 18, 2011.
  286. Staff. "Memorial Honors Kent, Law Pioneer; Former New York Chancellor Praised at Ceremony", The New York Times, October 16, 1938. Accessed February 17, 2011.
  287. Cheslow, Jerry. "A Transit Hub With a Thriving Downtown", The New York Times, July 13, 1997. Accessed August 7, 2012. "The name Summit may have been coined by James Kent, retired Chancellor of the Court of Chancery, New York State's highest judicial office, who bought a house on the hill in 1837 and named it Summit Lodge."
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  289. Staff. "Peter H. Kuhn, accomplished race car driver", Hunterdon County Democrat, June 29, 2009. Accessed August 15, 2016. "Born in Summit, April 14, 1955, he was a son of Jean Henry and Elizabeth 'Lib' Dowd Kuhn. Mr. Kuhn had resided in Franklin Township since 1995, having formerly lived in Basking Ridge and Chatham Township."
  290. Kaltenbach, Chris. "MICA exhibit, symposium leaping from comics pages" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Baltimore Sun, January 29, 2004. Accessed January 14, 2015. "Peter Kuper. Birthplace Summit N.J. moved to Cleveland at age 6."
  291. Staff. The 50 Greatest New Jersey Sports Figures, Sports Illustrated, December 27, 1999. Accessed February 18, 2011.
  292. Staff. "Larned Works Bundy: Champion Tennis Player Makes The Youngster Show Weakness" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Baltimore Sun, August 26, 1910. Accessed January 14, 2015. "For the fourth consecutive time and for the sixth time in his career as tennis player William A. Larned, of Summit, N. J., today won the challenge match of the singles championship of the United States..."
  293. Staff. "N.J. sports writers to honor Summit's Leiter", Independent Press, January 10, 2012. Accessed August 6, 2014. "Current Summit resident and former Mets and Yankees pitcher Al Leiter will be among the honorees at the New Jersey Sports Writers 76th Anniversary Banquet on Sunday, Jan. 22, at the Pines Manor in Edison."
  294. Rosenstein, Mike. "MLB Draft 2021: N.J.'s Jack Leiter, son of ex-Yankees, Mets pitcher Al Leiter, tumbles in latest ranking of top prospects", NJ Advanced Media for NJ.com, May 13, 2021. Accessed May 13, 2021. "Leiter, the Summit, N.J. native who played high school ball for the Delbarton School in Morristown, is 7-2 this season with a 2.10 ERA in 11 starts."
  295. Carolin, Peter. "MJ Long obituary; Joint architect of the British Library involved in every operational aspect of its design, from lighting to book handling", The Guardian, September 18, 2018. Accessed October 19, 2018. "A US citizen, Mary Jane Long was born in Summit, New Jersey, the daughter of Leonard Long, a businessman, and Helen Schloen."
  296. Staff. "Gold Tee Designer Dead. Dr. William Lowell of Jersey Patented Reddy Device in '21", The New York Times, June 25, 1954. Accessed August 6, 2019. "East Orange, N.J., June 24- Dr. William Lowell, designer of the Reddy Golf Tee, which came into universal use in the sport, died yesterday at Orange Memorial Hospital after a short illness.... Born in Hoboken, he lived in South Orange, Maplewood and Summit before moving here four years ago."
  297. Childe, Cromwell. "Authors at Home.; XXVIII. Hamilton Wright Mabie in Summit N.J.", The New York Times, May 21, 1898. Accessed August 6, 2014.
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  299. Farrington, Brenda via Associated Press. "Foley Scandal Puts Spotlight On Underdog House Hopeful", The Ledger, October 4, 2006. Accessed February 19, 2011. "Mahoney, 50, was born in Aurora, Ill., and grew up in Summit, N.J. He moved to Florida 18 years ago and has a wife, Terry, and 20-year-old daughter, Bailey."
  300. Hyman, Vicki. "Giants' Eli Manning drops $8.5M on Hamptons mansion", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 16, 2017. Accessed October 19, 2018. "Manning, who lives in Summit and has three children with his wife Abby McGrew, closed on the 5-bedroom home on an acre with a pool in an off-market deal in October."
  301. Olivia Miles, USA Basketball.Accessed August 16, 2022. "Born in Summit, New Jersey, and now resides in Philipsburg, New Jersey."
  302. Wentworth, Bridget. Summit's Bryce Miller excelling in world of fast, flashy sports car racing NJ.com. Accessed August 13, 2019.
  303. Romero, Simon. "Richard McGee Morse, 78, Latin America Expert", The New York Times, April 28, 2001. Accessed February 20, 2011. "Mr. Morse was born on June 26, 1922, in Summit, N.J., and reared in Connecticut."
  304. Keill, Liz. "Summit's GOP, Democrats present candidates for June's Primary ballot", Independent Press, April 6, 2009. Accessed February 18, 2011. "'It's a difficult night tonight,' Mr. Lark said, referring to the death of longtime Summit resident and state assemblyman Eric Munoz."
  305. Keill, Liz. "Nancy Munoz", Independent Press, April 6, 2009. Accessed February 18, 2011. "With the death of her husband Eric Munoz, Summit resident Nancy Munoz said she was asked if she would be willing to consider filing for his Assembly seat."
  306. Neumark, Heidi. Breathing Space: A Spiritual Journey in the South Bronx, p. 116, Beacon Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8070-7257-5. Accessed February 20, 2011.
  307. Coleman, Brian. "Junior Player Spotlight: Alexa Noel and Evan Wen", New York Tennis Magazine, May 5, 2017. Accessed August 30, 2019. "The Summit, N.J. native won seven consecutive matches without dropping a set to reach the title contest. In the final, she faced her first bit of adversity in the tournament as Zheng, following Noel's first set victory, forced the match into a deciding third by winning the second, Noel's first set defeat of the tournament."
  308. Staff. "Summit's Ryan O'Malley Signed to Raiders Practice Squad", TAPintoSummit, September 5, 2016. Accessed November 30, 2016. "Ryan O'Malley, Summit High School Class of 2011 -- who was signed to a free agent contract in late April by the Oakland Raiders -- has been added to the team's NFL practice squad."
  309. Staff. "78 Win America's Highest War Honor; One for Every 15,400 Soldiers in Battle Gets Congressional Medal. 12 In Thirtieth Division Southern Guard Organization Tops List--New York Leads Among States.", The New York Times, August 13, 1919. Accessed February 18, 2011.
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  313. Rybolt, Barbara. "Summit man, Gov. Christie's new chief counsel, is quiet on Bridgegate", Independent Press, January 13, 2014. Accessed June 18, 2016. "Today, Jan. 13, Summit resident Christopher Porrino, 47, started his first day as chief counsel for Gov. Chris Christie.... The father of two boys ages 12 and 14, he and his wife Christina Shenoudamoved to Summit when they got married in 1997 and have been here ever since."
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  317. Lohr, Steve. "Dennis Ritchie, Trailblazer in Digital Era, Dies at 70", The New York Times, October 14, 2011. Accessed October 17, 2011. "Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie was born on Sept. 9, 1941, in Bronxville, N.Y. His father, Alistair, was an engineer at Bell Labs, and his mother, Jean McGee Ritchie, was a homemaker. When he was a child, the family moved to Summit, N.J., where Mr. Ritchie grew up and attended high school."
  318. Stewart, Zan. "Bill Robinson stays young by singing jazz", The Star-Ledger, July 23, 2009. Accessed August 6, 2014. "Robinson, a native of Parkersburg, W. Va., who has lived in Summit since 1955, turned 80 in February but seems no older than 60.
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  322. Levin, Jay. "Eli Sagan, 87, proud Nixon 'enemy'", The Record, January 9, 2015. Accessed January 18, 2015. "Eli Sagan, a Summit native, studied economics at Harvard and immediately went to work for the New York Girl Coat Co., which had manufacturing operations in New Jersey and supplied clothing to department stores."
  323. Staff. "Thomas Schettino, Ex-Associate Justice Of Top Jersey Court", The New York Times, March 23, 1983. Accessed November 6, 2017. "C. Thomas Schettino, a former associate justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court, died Monday at Overlook Hospital in Summit, N.J. He was 75 years old and lived in Summit."
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  325. Staff. "Associate AD Herb Schmidt To Retire After Distinguished Career at Penn State", Penn State Athletics, November 17, 2006. Accessed February 18, 2011. "A native of Summit, N.J., Schmidt came to Penn State after graduating in 1962 from Rutgers University, where he became the school's first two-time soccer All-American."
  326. Schwartz, Paul. "Pat Shurmur welcomes Tiki Barber back into the Giants' fold", New York Post, June 23, 2018. Accessed January 20, 2020. "Shurmur is moving to Summit, N.J., not far from where Barber lives in Florham Park."
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  334. Rybolt, Barbara. "HBO's True Blood features song created by Summit teen", Independent Press, October 4, 2014. Accessed August 30, 2019. "Nineteen-year-old Will Taggart of Summit (above) and his friend Derrick Schneider, 18, from Rockaway, wrote a song together when they were 14 and students at the School of Rock in Chatham. Their song, 'Open The Gates,' was used in the HBO hit True Blood, in the episode 'May Be the Last Time,' which aired on Aug. 3."
  335. Schudel, Matt. "Tom Terrell, 57; Journalist Was Music Industry Fixture, Scholar", The Washington Post, December 6, 2007. Accessed February 19, 2011. "Thomas Gerald Terrell was born July 16, 1950, in Summit, N.J., and developed an early interest in music because of his father, an amateur singer."
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  340. Staff. "Arthur K. Watson", The New York Times, March 14, 1972. Accessed February 19, 2011. "Arthur Kittredge Watson, the younger son of Thomas J. Watson, was born in Summit, N.J., on April 23, 1919."
  341. Mannarino, Al. "11 people you didn't know were from New Jersey", Asbury Park Press, May 8, 2015. Accessed July 31, 2018. "Formerly of My Chemical Romance, Gerard Way is one of the most recognizable names in rock. Originally from Summit, NJ, Way has gone on to start a solo career and most recently his first album, Hesitant Alien."
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