Swimming at the 1980 Summer Paralympics

Swimming
at the VI Paralympic Games
Swimming; at the VI Paralympic Games
	Paralympic Swimming

Swimming at the 1980 Summer Paralympics consisted of 192 events.

In certain events, there were only three competitors, thus guaranteeing each a medal upon successfully completing the race. In others, there were fewer than three; in the women's 4x100 metre freestyle relay C-D, for instance, the Canadian team swam unopposed, obtaining gold upon completing the event. The women's 3x50 metre medley relay CP C was the only event in which no medal was awarded. The United States team were the only competitors, but were disqualified during the race; thus, no team completed the event.[1]

Medal table


Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Poland (POL)	40	19	23	82
2	Canada (CAN)	25	15	13	53
3	Netherlands (NED)	24	15	13	52
4	United States (USA)	21	15	20	56
5	West Germany (FRG)	19	15	11	45
6	Great Britain (GBR)	18	10	7	35
7	Sweden (SWE)	17	22	17	56
8	Israel (ISR)	7	9	3	19
9	Norway (NOR)	4	8	4	16
10	France (FRA)	4	7	10	21
11	Argentina (ARG)	4	4	3	11
12	Yugoslavia (YUG)	2	3	3	8
13	Mexico (MEX)	2	3	1	6
14	Spain (ESP)	1	10	6	17
15	Australia (AUS)	1	8	2	11
16	Jamaica (JAM)	1	3	0	4
17	Colombia (COL)	1	0	1	2
17	New Zealand (NZL)	1	0	1	2
19	Iceland (ISL)	1	0	0	1
20	Finland (FIN)	0	3	3	6
21	Zimbabwe (ZIM)	0	2	3	5
22	Belgium (BEL)	0	1	5	6
23	Czechoslovakia (TCH)	0	1	1	2
23	Switzerland (SUI)	0	1	1	2
25	Egypt (EGY)	0	1	0	1
26	Denmark (DEN)	0	0	3	3
26	Japan (JPN)	0	0	3	3
28	Bahamas (BAH)	0	0	1	1
Totals (28 entries)		193	175	158	526

Participating nations

Argentina (5)
Australia (11)
Austria (9)
Bahamas (2)
Belgium (12)
Brazil (1)
Canada (31)
Colombia (2)
Czechoslovakia (2)
Denmark (15)
Egypt (8)
Finland (8)
France (28)
Great Britain (22)
Hong Kong (3)
Iceland (5)
Indonesia (3)
Ireland (1)
Israel (8)
Italy (2)
Jamaica (4)
Japan (6)
Luxembourg (2)
Mexico (15)
Netherlands (38)
New Zealand (6)
Norway (14)
Poland (29)
Spain (10)
Sudan (2)
Sweden (31)
Switzerland (9)
United States (45)
West Germany (44)
Yugoslavia (5)
Zimbabwe (3)

Medal summary

Men's events

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
25 m backstroke 1A	Mike Kenny Great Britain	Pekka Kantola Finland	Gary Birch Canada
25 m backstroke 1B	Karen Liljedal Sweden	Goran Eriksson Sweden	Mark Burger Canada
25 m backstroke 1C	Zbigniew Smyk Poland	Peter Hill Australia	Robert Ockvirk United States
25 m breaststroke 1A	Mike Kenny Great Britain	H. Tietze West Germany	Pekka Kantola Finland
25 m breaststroke 1B	Mark Burger Canada	G. Slupe United States	Fr. Procatus Belgium
25 m breaststroke 1C	Zbigniew Smyk Poland	Peter Hill Australia	Siegmar Henker West Germany
25 m butterfly 2	Andrzej Surala Poland	Assaf Agmon Israel	Yoshio Tsunoda Japan
25 m butterfly 3	Arkadiusz Pawlowski Poland	Miroslaw Owczarek Poland	Francisco Flores Spain
25 m butterfly 4	Scott Robeson United States	Anders Olsson Sweden	H. Vrieling Netherlands
25 m freestyle 1A	Mike Kenny Great Britain	Pekka Kantola Finland	H. Tietze West Germany
25 m freestyle 1B	Mark Burger Canada	G. Slupe United States	Eero Maki Finland
25 m freestyle 1C	Zbigniew Smyk Poland	Manfred Emmel West Germany	Robert Ockvirk United States
50 m backstroke 2	Andrzej Surala Poland	Januariusz Malyska Poland	Pascal Cornelis Belgium
50 m backstroke 3	Miroslaw Owczarek Poland	Henry Delgadallio Mexico	Andrew James Scott Zimbabwe
50 m backstroke CP C	C. Schuivens Netherlands	Goran Forsman Sweden	Kare Adler Norway
50 m backstroke E1	Andrzej Wojciechowski Poland	Roko Mikelin Yugoslavia	Jorn Nielsen Denmark
50 m backstroke F	Karl Schroeder West Germany	Baruch Peretzman Israel	Shoji Inoshita Japan
50 m backstroke F1	B. Perry France	R. Scharmentke West Germany	Andreas Brand West Germany
50 m backstroke J	Frits Hildebrandt Netherlands	Charlie Tapscott Australia	Johan Zegers Netherlands
50 m breaststroke 2	Andrzej Surala Poland	Januariusz Malyska Poland	Assaf Agmon Israel
50 m breaststroke 3	Miroslaw Owczarek Poland	Joseph Wanger Israel	Arkadiusz Pawlowski Poland
50 m breaststroke CP C	Goran Forsman Sweden	Kare Adler Norway	C. Schuivens Netherlands
50 m breaststroke E1	Andrzej Wojciechowski Poland	K. Kampka West Germany	Roko Mikelin Yugoslavia
50 m breaststroke F	Baruch Peretzman Israel	Heikki Miettinen Finland	K. Petereit West Germany
50 m breaststroke F1	R. Scharmentke West Germany	Andreas Brand West Germany	B. Perry France
50 m breaststroke J	Gerrie de Hoop Netherlands	Tom Nordtvedt Norway	Johan Zegers Netherlands
50 m butterfly 5	Eugenio Jimenez Spain	Ryszard Machowczyk Poland	H. G. Heynen Netherlands
50 m freestyle 2	Andrzej Surala Poland	Assaf Agmon Israel	Pascal Cornelis Belgium
50 m freestyle 3	Miroslaw Owczarek Poland	Arkadiusz Pawlowski Poland	Francisco Flores Spain
50 m freestyle CP C	Kare Adler Norway	Goran Forsman Sweden	C. Schuivens Netherlands
50 m freestyle E1	Andrzej Wojciechowski Poland	Roko Mikelin Yugoslavia	Vangel Zabev Yugoslavia
50 m freestyle F	Karl Schroeder West Germany	Baruch Peretzman Israel	Shoji Inoshita Japan
50 m freestyle J	Frits Hildebrandt Netherlands	Charlie Tapscott Australia	Gerrie de Hoop Netherlands
100 m backstroke 4	Scott Robeson United States	Adam Pielak Poland	Jeff Stanfield Canada
100 m backstroke 5	Ryszard Machowczyk Poland	Eugenio Jimenez Spain	Tore Nilsson Sweden
100 m backstroke 6	H. J. M. Legebeke Netherlands	G. Gattinger West Germany	Antonio Castillo Mexico
100 m backstroke A	James Muirhead Great Britain	Frank Skaret Sweden	Scott Hegle United States
100 m backstroke B	Petter Fielding Sweden	Dean Winger United States	Steve Wilson United States
100 m backstroke C-D	G. Collins-Simpson Canada	Gary Gudgeon Australia	Pedro Mejía Colombia
100 m backstroke C1-D1	Denis Lapalme Canada	Erling Trondsen Norway	Willem van Laar Netherlands
100 m backstroke CP D	C. de Groen Netherlands	Chris Hampshire Great Britain	Regis Mettraux Switzerland
100 m backstroke E	M. Kers Netherlands	Andre van Buiten Netherlands	B. Koopman Netherlands
100 m breaststroke 4	D. P. Chambers New Zealand	Jeff Stanfield Canada	Anders Olsson Sweden
100 m breaststroke 5	Tore Nilsson Sweden	Ryszard Machowczyk Poland	G. Betega France
100 m breaststroke 6	Andrzej Blauciak Poland	H. J. M. Legebeke Netherlands	B. Jaillet France
100 m breaststroke A	Timothy McIsaac Canada	Hakan Karlsson Sweden	Jeff Wheatley United States
100 m breaststroke B	Steve Wilson United States	Dean Winger United States	Sixten Berner Sweden
100 m breaststroke C	Grzegorz Biela Poland	Ron Bolotin Israel	Sven Eryd Sweden
100 m breaststroke C1	Erling Trondsen Norway	Denis Lapalme Canada	Wieslaw Chorzepa Poland
100 m breaststroke CP D	J. van Dalen Netherlands	Robert Jernberg Sweden	Stig Osland Norway
100 m breaststroke D	Pedro Mejía Colombia	Larry Gardner Canada	W. Wecker West Germany
100 m breaststroke D1	Jozef Banfi Yugoslavia	J. Finch United States	Wolfgang Goris West Germany
100 m breaststroke E	M. Kers Netherlands	Andre van Buiten Netherlands	Janusz Kozak Poland
100 m butterfly 6	Uri Bergman Israel	G. Gattinger West Germany	B. Jaillet France
100 m butterfly A	Timothy McIsaac Canada	James Muirhead Great Britain	Scott Hegle United States
100 m butterfly B	Dean Winger United States	Petter Fielding Sweden	Steve Wilson United States
100 m butterfly C	Ron Bolotin Israel	G. Collins-Simpson Canada	Grzegorz Biela Poland
100 m butterfly D	Peter Aldous Great Britain	Roman Gronsky Czechoslovakia	Larry Gardner Canada
100 m butterfly E	Andre van Buiten Netherlands	Janusz Kozak Poland	G. Schweitzer West Germany
100 m freestyle 4	Anders Olsson Sweden	Shlomo Pinto Israel	Scott Robeson United States
100 m freestyle 5	H. G. Heynen Netherlands	Lars-Gunnar Andersson Sweden	Th. Godineau France
100 m freestyle 6	Uri Bergman Israel	Naser Eldin Nabil Egypt	G. Gattinger West Germany
100 m freestyle A	James Muirhead Great Britain	Timothy McIsaac Canada	Scott Hegle United States
100 m freestyle B	Dean Winger United States	Steve Wilson United States	Petter Fielding Sweden
100 m freestyle C-D	Ron Bolotin Israel	Sven Eryd Sweden	Gary Gudgeon Australia
100 m freestyle C1-D1	Willem van Laar Netherlands	Erling Trondsen Norway	Denis Lapalme Canada
100 m freestyle CP D	C. de Groen Netherlands	Stig Osland Norway	Robert Jernberg Sweden
100 m freestyle E	M. Kers Netherlands	B. Koopman Netherlands	Janusz Kozak Poland
400 m freestyle C-D	Gary Gudgeon Australia	Grzegorz Biela Poland	Ron Bolotin Israel
2x25 m individual medley F1	B. Perry France	Andreas Brand West Germany	David Foppolo France
3x25 m individual medley 2	Andrzej Surala Poland	Januariusz Malyska Poland	Assaf Agmon Israel
3x50 m individual medley C1	Erling Trondsen Norway	Willem van Laar Netherlands	Wieslaw Chorzepa Poland
3x50 m individual medley D1	Jozef Banfi Yugoslavia	Wolfgang Goris West Germany	J. T. M. Bakx Netherlands
3x50 m individual medley E1	Andrzej Wojciechowski Poland	Roko Mikelin Yugoslavia	Vangel Zabev Yugoslavia
3x50 m individual medley F	Karl Schroeder West Germany	Baruch Peretzman Israel	K. Petereit West Germany
4x25 m individual medley 3	Arkadiusz Pawlowski Poland	Miroslaw Owczarek Poland	Francisco Flores Spain
4x50 m individual medley 4	Scott Robeson United States	Anders Olsson Sweden	Lars Olsson Sweden
4x50 m individual medley 5	Ryszard Machowczyk Poland	Lars-Gunnar Andersson Sweden	Eugenio Jimenez Spain
4x50 m individual medley 6	Uri Bergman Israel	G. Gattiner West Germany	Zbigniew Sajkiewicz Poland
4x50 m individual medley A	Timothy McIsaac Canada	Scott Hegle United States	Hakan Karlsson Sweden
4x50 m individual medley B	Dean Winger United States	Petter Fielding Sweden	Sixten Berner Sweden
4x50 m individual medley C	G. Collins-Simpson Canada	Gary Gudgeon Australia	Grzegorz Biela Poland
4x50 m individual medley D	Gerard van Vliet Netherlands	Kurt Paetzold Switzerland	Roman Gronsky Czechoslovakia
4x50 m individual medley E	M. Kers Netherlands	Andre van Buiten Netherlands	Janusz Kozak Poland
4 × 100 m individual medley A	Timothy McIsaac Canada	James Muirhead Great Britain	Jeff Wheatley United States
4 × 100 m individual medley B	Steve Wilson United States	Sixten Berner Sweden	Lee Grenon Canada
3x25 m freestyle relay 1A-1C	West Germany (FRG) Manfred Emmel Siegmar Henker H. Tietze	United States (USA) Robert Ockvirk G. Slupe D. Wallen	Canada (CAN) Gary Birch Mark Burger T. Parker
3x50 m freestyle relay E-F	West Germany (FRG)	None	None
3x50 m freestyle relay E1-F1	West Germany (FRG)	France (FRA)	None
3x50 m medley relay 2-4	Poland (POL) Marek Węgrzyn Arkadiusz Pawłowski Andrzej Surała	Israel (ISR)	New Zealand (NZL)
3x100 m freestyle relay C1-D1	Netherlands (NED)	None	None
3x100 m medley relay CP D	Netherlands (NED)	France (FRA)	Belgium (BEL)
4x50 m freestyle relay 2-6	Israel (ISR)	Poland (POL) Adam Pielak Andrzej Blauciak Stanisław Machowczyk Andrzej Pawłowski	United States (USA)
4 × 100 m freestyle relay A-B	United States (USA)	Sweden (SWE)	Canada (CAN)
4 × 100 m freestyle relay C-D	West Germany (FRG)	Great Britain (GBR)	None
4 × 100 m medley relay 1A-6	Sweden (SWE)	Poland (POL) Andrzej Surała Stanisław Machowczyk Marek Szpojnarowicz Adam Pielak	France (FRA)
4 × 100 m medley relay A-B	United States (USA)	Sweden (SWE)	Canada (CAN)
4 × 100 m medley relay C	Great Britain (GBR)	None	None
4 × 100 m medley relay D	West Germany (FRG)	None	None

Women's events

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
25 m backstroke 1A	Karen Donaldson United States	Josefina Cornejo Mexico	Eugenia Garcia Argentina
25 m backstroke 1B	Martha Sandoval Mexico	Monica Lopez Argentina	Eileen Robertson Zimbabwe
25 m backstroke 1C	Isabel Barr Great Britain	Kerstin Eriksson Sweden	None
25 m breaststroke 1A	Eugenia Garcia Argentina	Sandra James Zimbabwe	None
25 m breaststroke 1B	Monica Lopez Argentina	Eileen Robertson Zimbabwe	B. Baum United States
25 m breaststroke 1C	Isabel Barr Great Britain	None	None
25 m butterfly 2	D. Weber West Germany	Syd Jacobs United States	Malgorzata Kopec Poland
25 m butterfly 3	Monika Lundborg Sweden	Marcella Rizzotto Argentina	Malgorzata Adamik Poland
25 m butterfly 4	G. Ignaczuk Poland	Teresa Herreras Spain	Irene Wownuk Canada
25 m freestyle 1A	Karen Donaldson United States	Josefina Cornejo Mexico	Eugenia Garcia Argentina
25 m freestyle 1B	Martha Sandoval Mexico	Monica Lopez Argentina	Eileen Robertson Zimbabwe
25 m freestyle 1C	Isabel Barr Great Britain	Kerstin Eriksson Sweden	None
50 m backstroke 2	M. Price Great Britain	D. Weber West Germany	Malgorzata Kopec Poland
50 m backstroke 3	Malgorzata Adamik Poland	Nella McPherson Jamaica	Marcella Rizzotto Argentina
50 m backstroke CP C	M. van der Meer Netherlands	E. Lauwers Belgium	Dorthe Bach Denmark
50 m backstroke F	M. H. Allard France	Marjorie Seargeant Canada	None
50 m backstroke F1	U. Sievert West Germany	None	None
50 m backstroke J	Josee Lake Canada	J. van den Zaag Netherlands	Carina Essberg Sweden
50 m breaststroke 2	Margit Quell West Germany	D. Weber West Germany	M. Price Great Britain
50 m breaststroke 3	Marcella Rizzotto Argentina	Nella McPherson Jamaica	Monika Lundborg Sweden
50 m breaststroke CP C	Eva Lundkvist Sweden	M. van der Meer Netherlands	Dorthe Bach Denmark
50 m breaststroke E1	S. Karlsdottir Iceland	None	None
50 m breaststroke F	Marjorie Seargeant Canada	M. H. Allard France	None
50 m breaststroke F1	Petra Schad West Germany	U. Sievert West Germany	None
50 m breaststroke J	Josee Lake Canada	Jolande van de Zaag Netherlands	None
50 m butterfly 5	C. Swanepoel West Germany	L. Wilkinson Great Britain	Malgorzata Kozlowska Poland
50 m freestyle 2	M. Price Great Britain	D. Weber West Germany	Irena Rusewicz Poland
50 m freestyle 3	Marcella Rizzotto Argentina	Monika Lundborg Sweden	D. Smith Great Britain
50 m freestyle CP C	M. van der Meer Netherlands	Eva Lundkvist Sweden	E. Lauwers Belgium
50 m freestyle F	Marjorie Seargeant Canada	M. H. Allard France	None
50 m freestyle J	Josee Lake Canada	J. van den Zaag Netherlands	Carina Essberg Sweden
100 m backstroke 4	G. Ignaczuk Poland	Teresa Herreras Spain	C. Salden Netherlands
100 m backstroke 5	C. Swanepoel West Germany	Malgorzata Kozlowska Poland	L. Wilkinson Great Britain
100 m backstroke 6	Agnieszka Ogorzelska Poland	Pilar Javaloyas Spain	None
100 m backstroke A	Yvette Michel Canada	Susan Card United States	Andrea Rossi Canada
100 m backstroke B	Trischa Zorn United States	Marie van Liere United States	Missy Akins United States
100 m backstroke C-D	Jackie Mitchell Canada	Monica Vaughan Great Britain	Helen Ronnegard Sweden
100 m backstroke C1-D1	Ewa Dudka Poland	Mirjam Sanders Netherlands	Maj Britt Mastad Norway
100 m backstroke CP D	Ineke Hageraats Netherlands	W. Poortvliet Netherlands	Gayle Ginnish United States
100 m backstroke E	Annelie Ahrenstrand Sweden	Anna Korniewicz Poland	Isabelle Duranceau France
100 m breaststroke 4	G. Ignaczuk Poland	Teresa Herreras Spain	Jenny Orpwood Great Britain
100 m breaststroke 5	C. Swanepoel West Germany	Malgorzata Kozlowska Poland	L. Wilkinson Great Britain
100 m breaststroke 6	Agnieszka Ogorzelska Poland	Pilar Javaloyas Spain	None
100 m breaststroke A	Yvette Michel Canada	Lorraine Robinson Great Britain	M. Huyben Netherlands
100 m breaststroke B	Missy Akins United States	Lisa Bentz Canada	J. Tree Great Britain
100 m breaststroke C	Cheryl Kristiansen Canada	None	None
100 m breaststroke C1	Lucyna Krajewska Poland	Mirjam Sanders Netherlands	Ewa Dudka Poland
100 m breaststroke CP D	Ineke Hageraats Netherlands	Inger Johanne Martinsen Norway	Vibeke Hagen Norway
100 m breaststroke D	Monica Vaughan Great Britain	Jackie Mitchell Canada	Jan Wilson United States
100 m breaststroke D1	Sarah Newland Jamaica	Maj Britt Mastad Norway	Bozena Czopek Poland
100 m breaststroke E	Annelie Ahrenstrand Sweden	Anna Korniewicz Poland	Isabelle Duranceau France
100 m butterfly 6	Agnieszka Ogorzelska Poland	Pilar Javaloyas Spain	None
100 m butterfly A	Andrea Rossi Canada	Carolyn Connors Australia	Sandy Dunne United States
100 m butterfly B	Trischa Zorn United States	Missy Akins United States	Eva Andersson Sweden
100 m butterfly C	Cheryl Kristiansen Canada	None	None
100 m butterfly D	Monica Vaughan Great Britain	Margaret Nicholson Canada	Krystyna Sikorska Poland
100 m butterfly E	Annelie Ahrenstrand Sweden	Isabelle Duranceau France	Silvia Cornelissen Netherlands
100 m freestyle 4	G. Ignaczuk Poland	Monika Lindstrom Sweden	Teresa Herreras Spain
100 m freestyle 5	C. Swanepoel West Germany	L. Wilkinson Great Britain	Malgorzata Kozlowska Poland
100 m freestyle 6	Agnieszka Ogorzelska Poland	Pilar Javaloyas Spain	Christine Morgan Bahamas
100 m freestyle A	Yvette Michel Canada	Carolyn Connors Australia	Gunilla Moline Sweden
100 m freestyle B	Trischa Zorn United States	Eva Andersson Sweden	Missy Akins United States
100 m freestyle C-D	Monica Vaughan Great Britain	Jackie Mitchell Canada	Karen Gesierich West Germany
100 m freestyle C1-D1	Lucyna Krajewska Poland	Mirjam Sanders Netherlands	Sarah Baker Canada
100 m freestyle CP D	Ineke Hageraats Netherlands	Inger Johanne Martinsen Norway	W. Poortvliet Netherlands
100 m freestyle E	Annelie Ahrenstrand Sweden	Isabelle Duranceau France	F. Spivey United States
400 m freestyle C-D	Helen Ronnegard Sweden	Jackie Mitchell Canada	Margaret Nicholson Canada
2x50 m individual medley F1	Petra Schad West Germany	U. Sievert West Germany	None
3x25 m individual medley 2	M. Price Great Britain	D. Weber West Germany	Irena Rusewicz Poland
3x50 m individual medley C1	Lucyna Krajewska Poland	Mirjam Sanders Netherlands	Ewa Dudka Poland
3x50 m individual medley D1	Maj Britt Mastad Norway	Sarah Newland Jamaica	Bozena Czopek Poland
3x50 m individual medley F	M. H. Allard France	None	None
4x25 m individual medley 3	Monika Lundborg Sweden	D. Smith Great Britain	Malgorzata Adamik Poland
4x50 m individual medley 4	G. Ignaczuk Poland	Teresa Herreras Spain	M. Crespeau France
4x50 m individual medley 5	C. Swanepoel West Germany	Malgorzata Kozlowska Poland	L. Wilkinson Great Britain
4x50 m individual medley 6	Agnieszka Ogorzelska Poland	Pilar Javaloyas Spain	None
4x50 m individual medley A	Yvette Michel Canada	Andrea Rossi Canada	Carolyn Connors Australia
4x50 m individual medley B	Trischa Zorn United States	Missy Akins United States	Marie van Liere United States
4x50 m individual medley C	Cheryl Kristiansen Canada	None	None
4x50 m individual medley D	Monica Vaughan Great Britain	Jackie Mitchell Canada	Britt-Marie Samuelsson Sweden
4x50 m individual medley E	Annelie Ahrenstrand Sweden	Isabelle Duranceau France	Anna Korniewicz Poland
4 × 100 m individual medley A	Kim Kilpatrick Canada	None	None
4 × 100 m individual medley B	Trischa Zorn United States	Marie van Liere United States	Eva Andersson Sweden
3x25 m freestyle relay 1A-1C	United States (USA) Karen Donaldson Sharon Myers C. Patton	Argentina (ARG) Eugenia Garcia Monica Lopez Susana Masciotra	None
3x50 m medley relay 2-4	Poland (POL)	Great Britain (GBR)	United States (USA)
3x50 m medley relay CP C	None	None	None
3x100 m freestyle relay C1-D1	Poland (POL)	None	None
3x100 m medley relay CP D	Netherlands (NED)	United States (USA)	France (FRA)
4x50 m freestyle relay 2-6	Great Britain (GBR)	Poland (POL)	None
4 × 100 m freestyle relay A-B	United States (USA)	Canada (CAN)	West Germany (FRG)
4 × 100 m freestyle relay C-D	Canada (CAN)	None	None
4 × 100 m medley relay 1A-6	Poland (POL)	Netherlands (NED)	Spain (ESP)
4 × 100 m medley relay A-B	United States (USA)	Canada (CAN)	None

References

"Swimming at the 1980 Paralympics". IPC Historical Results Archive.

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[1] "Swimming at the 1980 Paralympics". IPC Historical Results Archive.