Mufaddal Saifuddin

Mufaddal Saifuddin (Arabic: عـالي قـدر مُـفـضّـل سـيـفُ ٱلـدّين, romanized: ʿĀlī Qadr Mufaḍḍal Sayf al-Dīn) is the spiritual leader, the 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq[8][9] of one million Dawoodi Bohras,[10] a subgroup of the Tayyibi, Mustaali, Ismaili Shia branch of Islam.[8][11] He is the second son of the 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq, Mohammed Burhanuddin,[1] whom he succeeded in 2014.[12][13] He is the Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University and Jamia Miliya Islamia University situated in India. He has led a number of cultural, social, and economic initiatives. In Islamic Cairo, he rebuilt shrines of the Ahl al-Bayt and led the restoration of medieval Fatimid architecture, notably Al-Anwar Mosque,[14] Al-Aqmar Mosque, Al-Juyushi Mosque, and Lulua Mosque.[15][16] In Yemen, he has spearheaded several campaigns to improve socio-economic conditions of the inhabitants of the Haraaz region, introducing sustainable agricultural systems, improving local infrastructure and providing equal access to education for children.[17]

Syedna
Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin
53rd Dā'ī al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra
عـالي قـدر مُـفـضّـل سـيـفُ ٱلـدّين
Da'i al-Mutlaq
Assumed office
17 January 2014
Preceded byMohammed Burhanuddin
Title
  • Syedna
  • Da'i al-Fatemi
  • Da'i al-Mutlaq
  • Aqeeq al-Yemen[1]
Personal
Born
Aali Qadr Mufaddal

(1946-08-20) 20 August 1946[1]
Surat, Bombay Presidency, British India[1]
ReligionIslam
Spouse
Jawharatusharaf (née Najmuddin)
​
​
(m. 1970)​
[2]
Children
Parents
SectIsmailism
Dawoodi Bohra
Jurisprudence
Other names
CitizenshipIndian
Alma mater
Occupations
  • Spiritual Leader
  • Philanthropist
  • Chancellor
StyleHis Holiness
AwardsFull list
Honours
Signature
Chancellor, Aligarh Muslim University
Assumed office
11 April 2015
Preceded byAziz Mushabber Ahmadi
Chancellor, Jamia Millia Islamia
Assumed office
14 March 2023
Preceded byNajma Heptulla

Saifuddin oversees community programs throughout the world, such as the Saifee Burhani Upliftment Project in Mumbai’s Bhendi Bazaar, Project Rise (a Dawoodi Bohra global philanthropic initiative), and the FMB community kitchen,[18] which work towards socio-economic development, environmental conservation,[19] food security and reducing food waste.

Early life
A young Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin (bottom right) with his father, Mohammed Burhanuddin (right), and grand father, Taher Saifuddin (left) c. 1950.

Mufaddal Saifuddin was born on 20 August 1946 (23 Ramadan 1365 A.H.) in Surat, India,[20] and was given the name Aali Qadr Mufaddal (Arabic:عالي قدر مفضل, Abjad value 1365, which corresponds to his Islamic year of birth) by his grandfather Taher Saifuddin. His kunya is Abu Jafar us Sadiq and his laqab is Saifuddin.[21]

During the era of his grandfather Taher Saifuddin, he began the recitation of the Quran in Saifee Villa, Colombo.[1][22] He received much of his spiritual tutelage from his father, Mohammed Burhanuddin, and his father-in-law, Yusuf Najmuddin. He completed his undergraduate education in India and Egypt from Al-Azhar University and Cairo University.[23] In 1969, he graduated from Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah in Surat with the al-Faqih al-Jayyid degree (the Distinguished Jurist).[21] In 1971, he was conferred with the degree of al-Aleem al-Baari (the Outstanding Scholar).[21]

Saifuddin married Jawharatusharaf Najmuddin, daughter of Yusuf Najmuddin, on 1 January 1970.[2][24]

At 22 years of age, his father Burhanuddin designated him as his successor by performing nass (appointment by designation) on him in 1969, and later in 2005 and 2011.[25]

Saifuddin was appointed Amirul Hajj by his father Burhanuddin in 1390 AH (1970 CE).[1] After Hajj, he travelled to Karbala, Najaf, Syria, Misr and Yemen. In Yemen, he laid the foundation for the 3rd Da'i al-Mutlaq Hatim's mausoleum. After that journey, Burhanuddin bestowed upon him the honorific title Aqeeq-ul-Yemen in 1391 AH/1971 AD.[26][27]

Saifuddin often accompanied his father Mohammed Burhanuddin on his travels.[28]

Projects
From third left (to right): Taha Najmuddin, Husain Burhanuddin, Ammar Jamaluddin, Qaidjoher Ezzuddin, Narendra Modi, Mufaddal Saifuddin, Idris Badruddin, Vidyasagar Rao, Devendra Fadnavis, Qusai Vajihuddin, Abdeali Bhanpurawala in Mumbai on 2 January 2015.

Saifuddin led numerous projects for the restoration of medieval Fatimid mosques in Egypt and other Islamic edifices.[29] Projects include the restoration and revival of Al-Hakim Mosque (al-Jamea al-Anwar),[14] the restoration of the masjid of Zoeb bin Moosa in 1406H,[30] the restoration of Aqmar Mosque in 1408H,[31] construction of the mosque of Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Ismail in Salamiyah in 1414H,[31] restoration of the Lulua Mosque and Juyushi Mosque in 1416H, construction of the zareeh of Zaynab bint Ali in Cairo in 1416H, construction of the Mashhad Ras al-Husayn in Ashkelon in 1421H, the construction of the Mazar and Mosque of Hatim bin Ibrahim in 1425H,[32] and the discovery of the burial places of eight Da'i al-Mutlaq in Yemen.[33][34]

During his centenary birthday celebrations, in 2011, Mohammed Burhanuddin announced that a new Aljamea tus Saifiyah campus would be built in Nairobi, Kenya. The construction of this 14 acre campus commenced in 2013, and was inaugurated by Mufaddal Saifuddin and the President of Kenya, Uhuru Kenyatta on 20 April 2017.[35][36]

Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi inaugurated the fourth campus in Marol, Mumbai on February 10, 2023.[37]

Office of al-Dai al-Mutlaq
Saifuddin and Narendra Modi at the inauguration of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, Mumbai campus (2023).

Saifuddin is the present and 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Tayyibi Isma'ili Dawoodi Bohra community, appointed by his predecessor and father, Mohammed Burhanuddin II.

Deputies

On 18 Dhu al-Hijjah 1435 (12 October 2014 AD), Saifuddin elevated his uncle Husain Husamuddin to the rank of Mazoon al-Dawat and appointed his uncle Qasim Hakimuddin as Mukasir al-Dawat at a religious gathering held in Mumbai.

On 20 Rabi' al-Thani 1439H (7 January 2018 AD), Saifuddin elevated Qasim Hakimuddin to the rank of Mazoon and appointed his uncle Ali Asgar Kalimuddin as Mukasir at a religious gathering in Surat.[38]

On 27 Jumada al-Thani 1440H (4 March 2019 AD), Saifuddin elevated Aliasgar Kalimuddin to the rank of Mazoon and appointed his brother Qaidjoher Ezzuddin as Mukasir at a religious gathering in Ahmedabad.[39]

Philanthropy

Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust

Saifuddin's father, Mohammed Burhanuddin, conceived the Bhendi Bazaar Redevelopment Project and a public charitable trust named the Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust[40] was created on 23 January 2009 with an initial corpus provided by settlors Shahzada Qaidjoher Ezzuddin and Shahzada Abbas Fakhruddin.[41] The first phase was inaugurated by Saifuddin on 18 May 2016. "About 250 dilapidated buildings in Bhendi Bazaar will be replaced with 17 new towers with wide roads, modern infrastructure, more open spaces and highly visible commercial areas." This ambitious philanthropic enterprise "aims to rehabilitate 3200 families and 1250 business which are currently living in poor conditions."[42][43] It is expected to reach completion by 2025.[44]

Donations

Saifuddin donated US$53,000 to Tanzanian public schools.[45] The same month, a local community led by Saifuddin donated TSh 545 million toward earthquake relief efforts in Tanzania.[46]

On 27 April 2017, Saifuddin donated KSh 5,200,000/= for Beyond Zero initiative towards maternal and child health to Margaret Kenyatta, First Lady of Kenya.[47][48]

On 19 July 2018, Saifuddin met Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and expressed interest in investing in Egypt. Saifuddin also donated LE 10 million (US$621,553) to the Long Live Egypt Fund (Tahya Misr),[49] matching his own donation from 2014.[3]

In September 2019, Saifuddin met with President Maithripala Sirisena of Sri Lanka and donated Rs 10 million/- (US$53,553) to National Kidney Fund of Sri Lanka to enhance facilities and improve welfare and preventive care for patients impacted by chronic kidney disease.[50] In the same month, Saifuddin made a "significant contribution" to the Relief Fund of Chief Minister of Maharashtra to aid with rehabilitation efforts post 2019 Indian floods.[51] In October 2019 Saifuddin donated Rs.5 million/- to National Cancer Institute, Maharagama towards infrastructure and capacity expansion of its Bone Marrow Transplant Unit.[52]

In October 2019, Saifuddin donated 60,000 seed balls to Kenya, and a month later, on the occasion of his 76th birthday per the Islamic calendar, he donated 76,000 more which were utilized to grow over 35,000 indigenous tree species at Amboseli National Park.[53]

In May 2021, Saifuddin donated ₹1 crore/- towards the purchase of medical equipment for the Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Hospital at Aligarh Muslim University during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.[54]

Faiz al-Mawaid al-Burhaniyah

To ensure that not a single community member goes hungry, Saifuddin has actively expanded the worldwide community kitchen scheme,[55][56] named Faiz al-Mawaid al-Burhaniyah[57] (Arabic:فيض الموائد البرهانية). Every day, a Tiffin or Thali consisting of a fully prepared and cooked meal is delivered to each Dawoodi Bohra community household free of cost.[58]

To reduce food wastage, Saifuddin introduced a regulation to strictly limit the number of dishes served in any community, social or personal gathering where Dawoodi Bohras are present. This was launched under the motto of ek kharaas, ek mithaas, no israaf (one savoury, one dessert and no wastage).[59] Approximately 7000 Dana Committee volunteers world-wide are tasked with eliminating food wastage at community dinners.[60]

Social Upliftment

In December 2016 Saifuddin initiated a social 'Upliftment Program' (Arabic: رفع مستوى معيشة مؤمنين, romanized: Rafo Mustawa Machate Mumineen, lit. 'Raise the standard of living of mumineen'), to improve the living standards of his community members.[61] Over 4,100 volunteers from India, East Asia, Europe, North America and the Middle East were spread out over 200 towns and cities.[62] The 5-day upliftment drive consisted of free renovation of houses, planting of trees and shrubs, upgrading sanitation of community properties and grounds, building playground and sports facilities, dental hygiene and vaccination camps, a sports day and a community breakfast on New Year's Day.[63]

He has also launched a global initiative named Project Rise to help improve the lives of people that are marginalized, neglected or living in poverty. In partnership with government bodies and local organizations around the world, Project Rise's upliftment programs span a range of policy areas, including healthcare, nutrition, sanitation and hygiene, environmental responsibility and conservation, and education. These initiatives provide humanitarian aid during natural disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic.[64]

Saifee Burhani Medical Association

By the grace of God, may doctors prosper in service [of humanity]. May God grant his believers and worshipers cure at their hands. May their numbers continue to flourish.

Mufaddal Saifuddin, Jumada 1436ھـ, Orange County.[65]

Saifuddin, on his first visit to North America, established Saifee Burhani Medical Association (America),[66] on 14 March 2015,[67] chaired by his brothers, Qaidjoher Ezzuddin, Qusai Vajihuddin, Ammar Jamaluddin, and his son, Husain Burhanuddin.[68] The charter of the association is to run free medical clinics, mentor students, and facilitate professional development.[65]

Travels
Left: Saifuddin at Saifee Masjid in South Bombay delivering his first sermon as the 53rd Dai al-Mutlaq (4 February 2014). Right: Saifuddin at his 75th birthday celebrations in Surat; seated besides him is his son, Burhanuddin (2018).

Saifuddin travels extensively to various Dawoodi Bohra community centers year-round to meet his followers, deliver sermons, organise local communities, kickstart social projects, and commemorate important religious functions.[69][70]

Surat, the erstwhile seat of Dawat and home to the original Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah campus, and Mumbai, the current seat of Dawat and home to Raudat Tahera, are host to most events. Karachi, owing to a large presence of followers outside India, sees more visits from Saifuddin than average. Colombo, Tanzania, and Kenya are other rather smaller community centers to which Saifuddin travels often.[70]

Saifuddin visits centers in Yemen, Egypt, and Iraq for their religious and historical importance. Saifuddin also often travels to various places of pilgrimage within India like Taherabad in Rajasthan; Ahmedabad, Jamnagar, Mandvi, and Delmal in Gujarat; Burhanpur and Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh; especially to commemorate annual remembrance of the Duaat and Hudood Kiram buried there.[70]

On April 27, 2022, Syedna, with President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah El Sisi inaugurated Imam Al-Hussein Mosque in Cairo after renovation works to the mosque and the area surrounding it, including the new lounge of the holy shrine of Imam Al-Hussein.[71]

Recognition
Al Hakim Mosque's renovations in 1970s were led by Saifuddin on behalf of Mohammed Burhanuddin.[29]
Community Recognitions
The Misaq of Mufaddal Saifuddin was taken by his grandfather Taher Saifuddin on the 27th of Zil al-Qa'da 1379H (22 May 1960 AD), during the 75th birthday celebrations of Taher Saifuddin.[72]
Mufaddal Saifudddin has memorized the entire Quran (known as a Haafiz al-Quran (Arabic: حافظ القران)).
Following his journey to Yemen, he was awarded the honorific title Aqeeq al-Yemen (Arabic: عقيق اليمنl translation: the agate of Yemen) on 12 Rabi' al-awwal 1391 AH/1971 AD.[73]
Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin conferred upon him the title of (Arabic: ثقة الدعوة الطيبية; Thiqat al-D'awat al-Tayyibiyah, meaning 'The Trusted of the Tayyibi Mission') and bestowed upon him the cognomen of "Saifuddin" (Arabic: سيف الدين, meaning 'Sword of Islam') on the 27th of Zil al-Qa'da 1385H corresponding to 18 March 1966.[74][75][76]
He was conferred one of the highest degrees of Al Jamea tus Saifiyah (Arabic: العليم البارع; al-'Aleem al-Baare', meaning 'The Outstandingly Learned') on 20th Rabi al-Akhar 1391H corresponding to 14 June 1971.[74][77]
He was appointed rector of Al Jamea tus Saifiyah (Arabic: امير الجامعة; Ameer al Jamea)[74][78] on the 26th of Ramadan 1407H corresponding to 24 April 1987.
Mufaddal Saifuddin, was elected as Aligarh Muslim University's new Chancellor on 11 April 2015.[79][80][81][82] He was re-elected as the Chancellor for a second term on 2 December 2018.[83][84]
He was unanimously elected the Chancellor (Amir-e-Jamia) of Jamia Millia Islamia University for a period of five years with effect from 14 March 2023.[85]
Year & Date Country Award/Honour
26 June 2014  United States Certificate of Commendation at Tampa, Florida
9 March 2015 Certificate of Appreciation - Ontario, California
12 March 2014 Certificate of Special Congressional Recognition - United States House of Representatives.
3 March 2015 Resolution California Legislature
6 March 2015 Certificate of Appreciation - City of Bakersfield
7 March 2015 US Senate Certificate of Recognition.[lower-alpha 1]
13 March 2015 Certificate of Appreciation - City of Los Angeles
October 2015 Key to the City of Houston - Mayor of Houston, Annise Parker.[86]
16 January 2022 Key to the City of Tampa - Mayor of Tampa, Jane Castor.[87]
9 September 2015  Pakistan Governor of Sindh Dr Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan conferred an honorary doctorate degree upon by University of Karachi (KU) at Governor House.[88][89]
2015 & 2018  India Mufaddal Saifuddin, was elected as Aligarh Muslim University's new Chancellor on 11 April 2015.[79][80][81][82] He was re-elected as the Chancellor for a second term on 2 December 2018.[83][84]
2014 to 2020  Jordan Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin was named one of The 500 Most Influential Muslims in the years 2014,[90] 2015,[91] 2016,[92][93] 2017,[94] 2018,[95] 2019[96] & 2020.[97]
23 June 2014  Madagascar He was awarded Grand Cordon of the National Order of Madagascar.[98]
18 August 2014  Egypt President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi received Mufaddal Saifuddin on his first visit to Egypt since he took office. Saifuddin donated LE 10 million to the Long Live Egypt Fund.[99][100]
29 August 2015  Tanzania During his visit to Moshi, Tanzania, Mufaddal Saifuddin was presented the "Key to Moshi - The Land of Kilimanjaro" by the Mayor Japhary R Michael on 29 August 2015.[101]
August 2015  Egypt On the invitation of the Government of Egypt, Mufaddal Saifuddin participated in inauguration ceremony of the new Suez Canal.[102] Saifuddin commented that "The Suez Canal is the miracle of mankind which should be venerated rightfully."[103]
20 April 2017  Kenya Elder of the Order of the Golden Heart, Second Class by President Uhuru Kenyatta on the inauguration of the Al Jamea tus Saifiyah campus in Nairobi.[104]
30 September 2017  Pakistan Key to Karachi by the Mayor of Karachi, Waseem Akhtar.[105]
30 April 2018  Singapore A new species of orchid[lower-alpha 2] was named as Dendrobium HH Dr. Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin.[106]
13 January 2019  Sri Lanka Key to City of Colombo by the Mayor of Colombo, Rosy Senanayake on 13 January 2019
12 December 2022  Kenya He was awarded Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart (CGH) by President William Ruto.'[107]
7 August 2023  Egypt Awarded Grand Cordon of the Order of the Nile (Nile Sash Arabic: Wisha al-Neel وشاح النيل) by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.[108]

Literary works

Rasāʾil Ramaḍāniyya (Epistles)

A list of Risalah composed by Mufaddal Saifuddin, or started by Taher Saifuddin and Mohammed Burhanuddin but completed by Mufaddal Saifuddin:

ID Title Trans title Orig AH Pub AH Pub CE
Taher Saifuddin's Rasa'il
STS48 شموس بركات الربانيين[109] Shumūs Barakāt al-Rabbāniyyīn 1383 1435 2015
STS49 انهار فيوض الفاطميين[110] Anhaar Fuyūz al-Fatimiyyeen 1384 1436 2016
Mohammed Burhanuddin's Rasa'il
SMB07 نشر الخير[111] Nashr al-Khayr 1391 1437 2016
SMB08 ندى الفيوضات[112] Nadā al-Fūyūdāt 1392 1438 2017
SMB09 سلسبيل روض القدس[113] Salsabīl Rawd al-Quds 1393 1439 2018
SMB10 بركات دعاة الستر[114] Barakāt Duāt al-Satr 1394 1440 2019
Mufaddal Saifuddin's Rasa'il
SMS00 حكمة الغيبة القدسانية الابدية[115] Hikmat al-Ghaybat al-Qudsāniyyat al-Abadiyya 1435 1436 2016
SMS01 شكر نعم اصحاب البركات[116] Shukr Ne'am As'hāb al-Barakāt 1436 1437 2017
SMS02 جامعة ثمرات العلوم[117] Jāmiʿat Thamarāt al-ʿUlūm 1437 1438 2018
SMS03 فيوضات يمنية طيبة[118] Fūyūdāt Yamaniyyat Taiyyeba 1438 1439 2019
SMS04 ملتقى سفينة البركات[119] Multaqā Safīnat al-Barakāt 1439 1440 2019
SMS05 دفينة مفاخر ال النبي الطهر[120] Dafīnat Mafākhir āl al-Nabi al-Tuhr 1440 1441 2020

Qasidah (Poetry)
# Matla Language Style Occasion
1435 ھ
1 الم بدين الله ادهى الشدائد Arabic Elegy
2 اے الله نا داعي نبي نا پيارا Lisan al-Dawat Elegy
3 اناجيك رب العالمين مبسملا. Arabic Munajat Laylat al-Qadr
4 سلام على ال النبي الاكارم.[121] Arabic Qasida Eid al-Fitr
1436 ھ
5 عليك سلام الله و الصلوات[122] Arabic Elegy Urs
6 اناجيك ربي اليك التجائي Arabic Munajat Laylat al-Qadr
7 اتيت بابك كعبة القبل.[123] Arabic Qasida Eid al-Fitr
8 چلو اے پیارا عزیزو چلو Lisan al-Dawat Nasihat Eid al-Adha
9 علم الانسان ما لم بعلم ايك اعزاز ہے Urdu Nazm Aligarh Muslim University
1437 ھ
10 جئتك ربي تائبا عابدا. Arabic Munajat Laylat al-Qadr
11 يا بني الخمسة انتم وزري[124] Arabic Qasida Eid al-Fitr
1438 ھ
12 دعوت اله العالمين مناجيا.[125] Arabic Munajat Laylat al-Qadr
13 يا طيب العصر طيب طوبى[126] Arabic Qasida Eid al-Fitr
14 روجو برادر حسين نے روجو Lisan al-Dawat Nasihat Eid al-Adha
1439 ھ
15 ا مالك يوم الدين اياك نعبد[127] Arabic Munajat Laylat al-Qadr
16 اھل بيت النبي خذوا بيدي[128] Arabic Qasida Eid al-Fitr
17 يا حسينا پر هميى قربان چهے قربان چهے[129] Lisan al-Dawat Nasihat Eid al-Adha
1440 ھ
18 يابن[130] الحسين يا امام العصر * بفضلك اقبل سجدات الشكر Arabic Qasida Muharram
19 ايا رب اوزعني لاشكر دائبا Arabic Munajat Laylat al-Qadr
20 فديتك يا طيب العترة Arabic Qasida Eid al-Fitr
1441 ھ
21 اناجيك يا رازق العافية[131] Arabic Munajat Laylat al-Qadr
22 اهل بيت الوحي اهل الكرم Arabic Qasida Eid al-Fitr
23 ذكر الحسين خير زاد الذاكرين Arabic Marasiya Eid al-Ghadeer
1442 ھ
24 [132] دعوتك ذا الرحمة الواسعة Arabic Munajat Laylat al-Qadr
25 يا طيب الفاطميين بني فاطمة Arabic Qasida Eid al-Fitr
1443 ھ
26 ايا ربنا نبتغي الوسيلة Arabic Munajat Laylat al-Qadr
27 رجائي انتم ال النبي Arabic Qasida Eid al-Fitr
1444 ھ
28 اتاك الهي رجاك الهي Arabic Munajat Laylat al-Qadr
29 فاطمي عين الحيوة امامي Arabic Qasida Eid al-Fitr
30 فزت فوزا اذ انادي يا علي Arabic Qasida Najaf
31 حسيني دنو غم سي اْيا Arabic Marasiya Eid al-Adha

Genealogy

Saifuddin is a lineal descendant[lower-alpha 3] of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the Islamic prophet Ibrāhīm.[134]

Saifuddin is also a descendant of Fakhr al-Din Shaheed, Abd al-Qadir Hakimuddin, Khanji Pheer, and Syedi Lukman.[lower-alpha 4]

Tree depicting geneology from Prophet Muhammad

Ashara Mubaraka
Left: Saifuddin at an Ashara Mubaraka gathering at Mohammedi Masjid (Houston). Right: Masjid e Moazzam, the venue of Saifuddin's first Ashara Mubaraka (Surat).

The Ashara Mubaraka (Arabic: عشرة مباركه, lit. 'the blessed ten') is an annual mourning of Husayn ibn Ali's martyrdom at the Battle of Karbala.[135][136] In the tradition of the Fatimids,[137][138] the Da'i al-Mutlaq delivers ten wa'az (Persian: وعظ, lit. 'sermons') on Islamic philosophy, history, liturgy, expository, horatory over 9 days: One wa'az each day for 8 days starting 2nd Muharram and two on the final day of Ashura (Urdu: عاشوراء), the 10th of Muharram.[135] Every year the Da'i al-Mutlaq selects a city to host the Ashara at[136][139][140] which, at times, attract 100,000 to 200,000 azadar-e Husayn (Urdu: عزادارِ حسين, lit. 'mourners of Husayn').[141][142][143][144][145] The ashara wa'az from the host city is, on occasion, broadcast to various venues around the world.[141][142] Pilgrims are often provided with free accommodation, transportation, and meals.[142][146][147][148] The faculty of Funun al-Quran, a department of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, oversees elaborate Tazyeen (lit. 'decor') of the host venue.[149]

Ashara Mubaraka venues since 2014
CE AH City Province Country Continent Start End Attendees
20141436Surat[150] Gujarat  India Asia 25 October 2 November 200,000[150]
20151437Houston[151]Texas United StatesNorth America14 October22 October25,000[151]
20161438Dar es Salaam[152]Coastal Indian Ocean TanzaniaAfrica3 October11 October32,000[153]
20171439Karachi[154]Sindh PakistanAsia22 September30 September65,000
20181440Indore[155]Madhya Pradesh India12 September20 September210,000
20191441Colombo[156][157]Western Province Sri Lanka1 September9 September28,000
20201442Khandala[158][lower-alpha 5]Maharashtra India20 August28 AugustNA
20211443Nairobi[160]Nairobi County KenyaAfrica10 August18 August
20221444London[161]England United KingdomEurope30 July7 August12,500
20231445DubaiEmirate of Dubai United Arab EmiratesAsia19 July27 July75,000[162]

Succession
Main article: Succession to 52nd Dai al-Mutlaq
Burhanuddin confers nass on his son Saifuddin at a gathering at Raudat Tahera, 2011.

The 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohras, Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, died on 17 January 2014.[163] As per the tenets of the faith[164] each predecessor is required to nominate his successor during his lifetime.[165][166] His death sparked a succession crisis[167] where a rival emerged for the title of 53rd Dā'ī al-Mutlaq: against Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, Khuzaima Qutbuddin[168] of the Dawoodi Bohra.

The challenge created a divide in the community[169] with the majority aligning with Mufaddal Saifuddin[170][171] and a smaller number aligned with Khuzaima Qutbuddin.[172] Mufaddal Saifuddin assumed control of the Dawoodi Bohra administration and community infrastructure. In March 2014, Khuzaima Qutbuddin filed civil suit 337/2014 in the Bombay High Court against Mufaddal Saifuddin in which he sought a declaration that he was validly appointed as the 53rd Dai al-Mutlaq.[173][174] The UK Charity Commission has taken the view "that His Holiness Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin is the current incumbent of the office of Dai al-Mutlaq."[175]

Notes
  1. For the inauguration of the Palo Alto Masjid in California.
  2. A cross-breed between Bangkok Fancy and Adisakdi White.
  3. Lineage through Mir Mahamad Ali Khan and Jafar al-Sadiq.[133]
  4. The family tree of Tarmal and Bharmal[133]
  5. During the Ashara Mubaraka in August 2020, as Mosques remained closed inline with government regulations due to COVID-19 pandemic, previous years sermons by Taher Saifuddin, Mohammed Burhanuddin, and Mufaddal Saifuddin were broadcast online to the community worldwide.[159]

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