1994 Asian Games

The 1994 Asian Games (Japanese: 1994年アジア競技大会, Senkyūhyakukyūjūyon-nen Ajia kyōgi taikai), also known as the XII Asiad and the 12th Asian Games (Japanese: 第12回アジア競技大会, romanized: Daijūni-kai Ajia kyōgi taikai), were held from October 2 to 16, 1994, in Hiroshima, Japan. The main theme of this edition was to promote peace and harmony among Asian nations. It was emphasized by the host because the venue was the site of the first atomic bomb attack 49 years earlier. Due to the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq was suspended from the games. The games debuted former republics of the Soviet Union: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.[1][2]

XII Asian Games
Host cityHiroshima, Japan
MottoAsian Harmony
Nations42
Athletes6,828
Events337 in 34 sports
Opening2 October 1994
Closing16 October 1994
Opened byAkihito
Emperor of Japan
Closed byAhmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah
President of the Olympic Council of Asia
Athlete's OathRyohei Koba
Torch lighterAki Ichijo
Yasunori Uchitomi
Main venueHiroshima Park Main Stadium
Summer
Winter

There were a total number of 6,828 athletes and officials involved, from 42 countries, with a total number of 34 events. Debut sports at this edition of the Asiad were baseball, karate and modern pentathlon.[1]

Bidding process

In 1983, two cities in Asia demonstrated interest to host the 1994 Asian Games, one was Beijing in the People's Republic of China and the other was Hiroshima in Japan. The two appeared before the Olympic Council of Asia, during a meeting of the same, the following year in Seoul, that also served as a previous meeting to evaluate the preparations of the city for the next Asian Games and also for the 1988 Summer Olympics. Beijing eventually won the right to host the 1990 edition, while Hiroshima, when presenting an excellent technical level bid, won as compensation the rights to host the 1994 Games.[3]

34 votes were needed for selection.

1994 Asian Games bidding result
City Country Votes
Hiroshima Japan44
Beijing China23

Marketing

The emblem of the games is an abstract image of a dove, symbol of peace, which resembles the letter 'H' initial as in the host city name Hiroshima, reflecting Hiroshima's desire for peace. The OCA emblem is the symbol of Asian Games as a whole which resembles athlete in motion.[4]

Mascot
Official mascots

The official mascot of the XII Asiad is a pair of white doves. Poppo and Cuccu, male and female respectively, represent peace and harmony - the main theme of this edition of the Asian Games.[2] They were designed by well-known manga artist and character designer Susumu Matsushita.

Participating nations

National Olympic Committees (NOCs) are named according to their official IOC designations and arranged according to their official IOC country codes in 1994.[1]

Sports

Calendar
OCOpening ceremony ●Event competitions 1Event finals CCClosing ceremony
October 1994 1st
Sat		 2nd
Sun		 3rd
Mon		 4th
Tue		 5th
Wed		 6th
Thu		 7th
Fri		 8th
Sat		 9th
Sun		 10th
Mon		 11th
Tue		 12th
Wed		 13th
Thu		 14th
Fri		 15th
Sat		 16th
Sun		 Gold
medals
CeremoniesOCCC
 
Aquatics Artistic swimming ● 2 2
Diving ● 2 ● 2 4
Swimming 4 5 5 5 6 6 31
Water polo ● ● ● ● 1 1
Archery ● ● 1 1 2 4
Athletics 2 4 7 3 10 9 8 43
Badminton ● ● 2 ● ● ● ● 5 7
Baseball ● ● ● ● 1 1
Basketball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● 1 2
Bowling 2 2 ● 2 4 ● 2 12
Boxing ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 12 12
Canoeing ● ● ● ● 7 6 13
Cycling Road 1 2 3
Track ● 2 2 3 7
Equestrian 1 1 1 1 4
Fencing 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Field hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Football ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● 1 2
Golf ● ● ● 4 4
Gymnastics Artistic 1 1 2 10 14
Rhythmic ● 1 1
Handball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Judo 4 4 4 4 16
Kabaddi ● ● 1 1
Karate 4 4 3 11
Modern pentathlon ● ● 2 2
Rowing ● ● ● 12 12
Sailing ● ● ● ● ● ● 7 7
Sepak takraw ● ● ● 1 1
Shooting 4 6 4 2 4 4 6 4 34
Soft tennis ● ● 2 ● 2 4
Softball ● ● ● ● 1 1
Table tennis ● ● ● 1 1 ● ● 3 2 7
Taekwondo 4 4 8
Tennis ● ● ● 1 1 ● ● ● ● 5 7
Volleyball ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 2
Weightlifting 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 19
Wrestling ● 5 5 ● 5 5 20
Wushu 1 2 3 6
Total gold medals1416222817234135221736322410337
October 1994 1st
Sat		 2nd
Sun		 3rd
Mon		 4th
Tue		 5th
Wed		 6th
Thu		 7th
Fri		 8th
Sat		 9th
Sun		 10th
Mon		 11th
Tue		 12th
Wed		 13th
Thu		 14th
Fri		 15th
Sat		 16th
Sun		 Gold
medals

Medal table
Main article: 1994 Asian Games medal table

The top ten ranked NOCs at these Games are listed below. The host nation, Japan, is highlighted.

  *   Host nation (Japan)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)1268357266
2 Japan (JPN)*647579218
3 South Korea (KOR)635664183
4 Kazakhstan (KAZ)27252779
5 Uzbekistan (UZB)11121942
6 Iran (IRI)99826
7 Chinese Taipei (TPE)7132444
8 India (IND)431623
9 Malaysia (MAS)421319
10 Qatar (QAT)41510
11–32Remaining205891169
Totals (32 entries)3393374031079

Doping scandal

The Chinese had 11 athletes test positive for banned drugs and anabolic steroids at the 1994 Asian Games.[5] Less than a month before the Asian Games scandal at the 1994 world championships in Rome, the Chinese had won 12 of the 16 women's swimming titles, with two of those nine world champions among those who tested positive at the Asian games.[6][7][8][9][10]

References
  1. "Past Asian Games – Hiroshima 1994 Asian Games". beijing2008.cn (official website of 2008 Beijing Olympics). November 22, 2006. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  2. "12th Asian Games Hiroshima 1994 - Poppo & CuCCu". GAGOC. gz2010.cn (official website of 2010 Asian Games). April 27, 2008. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  3. "The 11th Asian Games : Beijing, China". Hangzhou 2022 Official Website. 4 September 2018. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  4. "Outline". Archived from the original on 1998-02-05. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  5. "10 Drug Scandals–Chinese swim team". cbc.ca (CBC Sports Online). January 19, 2003. Archived from the original on February 20, 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  6. Parr, Derek (July 13, 2000). "Chinese World Record-Holder Tests Positive for Steroids". swimmingworldmagazine.com (Swimming World Magazine). Archived from the original on 2012-09-02. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  7. Wolff, Alexandra (October 16, 1995). "The China Syndrome". sportsillustrated.com (Sports Illustrated). Archived from the original on August 19, 2000. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  8. "OLYMPICS; Drug Sleuths' Surprise Produces a Breakthrough". The New York Times. 18 December 1994. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  9. "Swimming: Two-year ban for Chinese". The Independent. HighBeam Research. 13 December 1994. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  10. "Asian Games". The Washington Post. HighBeam Research. 5 December 1994. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
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