Tahoe-LAFS

Tahoe-LAFS (Tahoe Least-Authority File Store[5]) is a free and open, secure, decentralized, fault-tolerant, distributed data store and distributed file system.[6][7] It can be used as an online backup system, or to serve as a file or Web host similar to Freenet, depending on the front-end used to insert and access files in the Tahoe system. Tahoe can also be used in a RAID-like fashion using multiple disks to make a single large Redundant Array of Inexpensive Nodes (RAIN) pool of reliable data storage.

Initial releaseMay 2, 2007[1]
Stable release
1.17.0[2] / 6 December 2021 (2021-12-06)
Repository
Written inPython[3]
Operating systemCross-platform
Available inEnglish
TypeCloud computing
LicenseChoice of GNU GPL 2+ and a custom open source licence with a grace period[4]
Websitetahoe-lafs.org

The system is designed and implemented around the "principle of least authority" (POLA), described by Brian Warner (one of the project's original founders) as the idea "that any component of the system should have as little power of authority as it needs to get its job done".[8] Strict adherence to this convention is enabled by the use of cryptographic capabilities that provide the minimum set of privileges necessary to perform a given task by asking agents. A RAIN array acts as a storage volume; these servers do not need to be trusted by confidentiality or integrity of the stored data.

History

Tahoe-LAFS was started in 2006 at online backup services company All My Data[8] and has been actively developed since 2007.[9] In 2008, Brian Warner and Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn published a paper on Tahoe at the 4th ACM international workshop on Storage security and survivability.[10]

When All My Data closed in 2009, Tahoe-LAFS became a free software project under the GNU General Public License or The Transitive Grace License, which allows owners of the code twelve months to profit from their work before releasing it. In 2010, Tahoe-LAFS was mentioned as a tool against censorship by the Electronic Frontier Foundation.[11] In 2013, it was one of the hackathon projects at the GNU 30th anniversary.[12]

Functionality
Overview of Tahoe-LAFS

The Tahoe-LAFS Client sends an unencrypted file via a web API to the HTTPS Server. The HTTPS Server passes the file off to the Tahoe-LAFS Storage client which encrypts the file and then uses erasure coding to store fragments of the file on multiple storage drives.[13]

Tahoe-LAFS features "provider-independent security", in that the integrity and confidentiality of the files are guaranteed by the algorithms used on the client, independent of the storage servers, which may fail or may be operated by untrusted entities. Files are encrypted using AES, then split up using erasure coding, such that only a subset K of the original N servers storing the file chunks need to be available in order to recreate the original file.[14][15] The default parameters are K=3, N=10, so each file is shared across 10 different servers, accessing it requires the correct function of any 3 of those servers.[10]

Tahoe provides very little control over on which nodes data is stored.[16]

Fork

A patched version of Tahoe-LAFS exists from 2011, and was made to run on anonymous networks such as I2P, with support for multiple introducers. There is also a version for Microsoft Windows.[17] It is distributed from a site within the I2P network. In contrast to normal Tahoe-LAFS operation, when I2P and Tahoe-LAFS are used together the location of the nodes is disguised. This allows for anonymous distributed grids to be formed.

See also

References
  1. "Tahoe-LAFS Documentation". tahoe-lafs.org. Archived from the original on 2012-08-21. Retrieved 2013-05-01.
  2. "Release tahoe-lafs-1.17.0 · tahoe-lafs/tahoe-lafs". GitHub. Archived from the original on 2023-04-15. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
  3. Willis, Nathan (17 February 2012). "Weekend Project: Get Started with Tahoe-LAFS Storage Grids". Linux.com. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  4. "About.RST in trunk/Docs – Tahoe-LAFS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-07. Retrieved 2013-01-07.
  5. "Tahoe-LAFS wiki". tahoe-lafs.org. Archived from the original on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  6. Paul, Ryan (4 August 2009). "P2P-like Tahoe filesystem offers secure storage in the cloud". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  7. Monteiro, Julian Geraldes (16 November 2010). "Modeling and Analysis of Reliable Peer-to-Peer Storage Systems" (PDF). Sophia Antipolis: Université de Nice. p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  8. Byfield, Bruce (20 May 2014). "Hide Cloud Data from the Cloud Vendor". Linux Magazine. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  9. O'Brien, Danny (6 September 2013). "Tahoe and Tor: Building Privacy on Strong Foundations". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  10. Wilcox-O'Hearn, Zooko; Warner, Brian (31 October 2008). "Tahoe: the least-authority filesystem" (PDF). Proceedings of the 4th ACM International Workshop on Storage Security and Survivability. Association for Computing Machinery: 21–26. doi:10.1145/1456469.1456474. S2CID 12056440. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  11. Palmer, Chris (14 December 2010). "Constructive Direct Action Against Censorship". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  12. "GNU 30th anniversary celebration and hackathon". 28 September 2013. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  13. Huchton, Scott (March 2011). "Secure mobile distributed file system (MDFS)" (PDF). Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  14. Haver, Eirik; Melvold, Eivind; Ruud, Pål (2011). "Cloud Storage Vault". Institutt for telematikk. pp. 20–21. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  15. Lee, Changhoon (2011). Secure and trust computing, data management and applications : STA 2011 workshops: IWCS 2011 and STAVE 2011, Loutraki, Greece, June 28 – 30, 2011. Berlin: Springer. pp. 192–193. ISBN 978-3642223648.
  16. Arjan Peddemors, Christiaan Kuun, Rogier Spoor, Paul Dekkers and Christiaan den Besten (29 June 2011). "Survey of Technologies for Wide Area Distributed Storage" (PDF). p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. "OSPackages – Tahoe-LAFS". tahoe-lafs.org. Archived from the original on 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
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