Tanba Province

Tanba[1] Province (丹波国, Tanba no kuni) was a province of Japan in the area of central Kyoto and east-central Hyōgo Prefectures.[2] Tanba bordered on Harima, Ōmi, Settsu, Tajima. Tango, Wakasa, and Yamashiro provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Tanshū (丹州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Tanba was one of the provinces of the San'indō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Tanba was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital is believed to have been located in what is now the city of Kameoka, although the exact location remains uncertain. The ichinomiya of the province is the Izumo-daijingū also located in Kameoka. The province had an area of 1,283.43 square kilometres (495.54 sq mi).

Hiroshige ukiyo-e "Tanba" in "The Famous Scenes of the Sixty States" (六十余州名所図会), depicting the Kanegasaka Pass
Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Tanba Province highlighted

History

Before the establishment of the Ritsuryō system, the area was under control of the Tanba Kokuzō and included both the Tanba and Tango areas. The province of Tango was created in 713 during the reign of Empress Genmei by separating the northern five districts (Kasa District, Yoza District, Tamba District (later Naka District), Takeno District, and Kumano District) into "Tango", and the districts closer to the capital as "Tanba".[3] The Tanba area is rugged, and can be roughly divided into several river basins separated by mountains. For this reason, historically the province has been difficult to govern as a whole. On the other hand, its proximity to the capital gave it a strategic importance. During the Muromachi period, the Hosokawa clan were the shugo of the province, but governed through their proxies, the Naito clan. During the late Sengoku period, the province was conquered by Akechi Mitsuhide, and after his defeat by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at the Battle of Yamasaki in the aftermath of the assassination of Oda Nobunaga, it was governed by a succession of relatives of the Toyotomi clan. In the Edo Period, Tanba was governed by a mosaic of mostly fudai daimyō domains, who were considered more reliable by the Tokugawa shogunate and who could be called upon when necessary for the defense of Kyoto and Osaka.

Bakumatsu period domains
NameClanTypekokudaka
SasayamaAoyama clanFudai60,000 koku
Tanba-KameyamaKatanobara-Matsudaira clanFudai50,000 koku
KaibaraOda clanTozama36,000 koku
FukuyamaKutsuki clanFudai32,000 koku
SonobeKoide clanFudai24,000 koku
AyabeKuki clanTozama19,500 koku
YamagaTani clanTozama10.000 koku

Meiji period

Following the Meiji restoration, Tanba was divided into six districts. [4] Per the early Meiji period Kyudaka kyuryo Torishirabe-chō (旧高旧領取調帳), an official government assessment of the nation’s resources, the province had 970 villages with a total kokudaka of 331,954 koku.

Districts of Tango Province
DistrictkokudakaControlled byat presentCurrently
Kuwata (熊野郡)56,227 koku218 villages: Tenryō, Imperial family, Kuge, Tanba-Kameyama, Sonobe, Sasayama, Takatsukimost of Kameoka, parts of Nantan, Kyoto, Takatsuki and Toyono
Funai (船井郡)52,140 koku210 villages: Tenryō, Imperial Family, Sonobe, Tanba-Kameyama, Sasayama, Ayabe Tsurumakipart of Nantan and Kameoka
Ikaruga (何鹿郡)49,525 koku136 villages: Tenryō, Ayabe, Yamake, Sonobe, Kaibara, Sasayama, Yunagaya, OkabedissolvedFukuchiyama, small part of Ayabe
Amata (天田郡)52,059 koku119 villages: Tenryō, Fukuchiyama, Ayabe, Iino,Tsurumaki, Kaibara, Sasayama, OkabedissolvedFukuchiyama
Hikami (氷上郡)68,546 koku172 villages: Tenryō , Kuge, Kaibara, Tanba-Kameyama, Yunagaya, Tsurumaki, Sanda, YamakamidissolvedTanba
Taki (多紀郡)53,453 koku115 villages: SasayamadissolvedTamba-Sayayama, Hyogo
  • Izumo-daijingū, ichinomiya of the province
    Izumo-daijingū, ichinomiya of the province
  • Ruins of Tanba Kokubun-ji
    Ruins of Tanba Kokubun-ji
  • Sasayama Castle
    Sasayama Castle
  • Kameyama Castle
    Kameyama Castle

Notes
  1. Spelling note: A modified Hepburn romanization system for Japanese words is used throughout Western publications in a range of languages, including English. Unlike the standard system, the "n" is maintained even when followed by "homorganic consonants" (e.g., shinbun, not shimbun).
  2. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tanba" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 943, p. 943, at Google Books.
  3. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 64., p. 64, at Google Books
  4. Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" at p. 780.

References
  • Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
  • Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon (Nihon Ōdai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.

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