Handloom industry in Tangail

The handloom industry in Tangail was evolved during the last decades of nineteenth century. The weavers of this Tangail cloths are the successors of the famous Muslin weavers. They were originally from Dhamrai and Chowhatta of Dhaka district and were invited to Tangail by the Jamidars (landlords) of Delduar, Santosh and Gharinda. The weavers made settlement in twenty two adjacent villages of Tangail. At first they weaved only plain cloth. The Swadeshi movement called by Mahatma Gandhi in 1906 aimed to boycott cotton textiles from Lancashire inspired the use of local cotton cloths and the handloom industry in then East Bengal (present day Bangladesh) flourished at that time. During 1923–24 motifs and designs were introduce on saree. Jacquard looms were introduced during 1931–1932 for making saree.

The handloom industry in Tangail is a cottage industry and the looms are mostly installed in households. 72% of the total installed looms has a unit size of five looms. Units with six to ten looms are 11% and units with eleven to twenty looms are 6% of the total. Units with twenty-one onward looms occupy 11% of the total and are considered as small factories. However, a study done by the Ministry of Industries in 1982, shows that small factories have 20% of handlooms. In the year 1992, there were over 100,000 handlooms and 1,50000 weavers in Tangail locating in Sadar, Kalihati, Nagarpur, and Basail upazilas. In the year 2008 there were 37222 handlooms in 10000 small and big handloom factories and there were more than 70000 weavers working under the Basic Centres in several upazilas of Tangail.[2] A survey conducted in 2013 said there are 60,000 looms in Tangail. Of them, 8,305 are pit looms, 51,141 are Chittranjan looms and 892 are power looms.

Tangail handloom is popular all over the world for its uniqueness. The workers need to have special skills to weave and design Tangail saree. The Basak community of Patrail union of Tangail is a community of weavers who are still continuing the original making process of Tangail Saree. The weavers sell the saree in temporary bazaars that sit only twice a week in Bazitpur and Korotia. Traders come to these bazaars to purchase saree.

• Cotton Saree
• Half Silk Saree
• Soft Silk Saree
• Cotton Jamdani Saree
• Gas-mercerised Saree
• Twisted Cotton Saree
• Dangoo Saree
• Balucherri Saree

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Tangail Saree is in demand in many countries, like India, America, Japan, Middle East and some European countries. Each week Bangladesh exports around 50,000 piece saree to India.

The handloom industry is in crisis because of the increase in price of thread, yarn, dye and other raw materials and insufficient transportation and supply chain facilities. As a result, many weavers are leaving their profession and migrating.[2][4]

• Khan, Towfiqul Islam; Sabbih, Mostafa Amir (March 2015). District Budget Experience in Bangladesh-The Case of Tangail (PDF). Pre-Budget Dialogue 2015, Tangail District Budget and Relevant Issues, Tangail: 14 March 2015. Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD).
• "Handloom sector cries out for attention". The Independent. Dhaka.
• Ghosh, Suntu Kumar; Akter, Md. Shahriar (2005). "Handloom Industry on the Way of Extinction: An Empirical Study Over the Pre-Dominant Factors" (PDF). BRAC University Journal. 2 (2): 1–12.
• "Tangail handloom business in deep trouble". Dhaka Tribune.
• Islam, Md. Khairul; Hossain, Md. Elias (September 2012). "An Analysis of Present Scenario of Handloom Weaving Industry in Bangladesh". Rabindra Journal. 3 (1): 1–5 – via ResearchGate.