TeamIndus

In 2011, Axiom Research Labs registered a competing team at the Google Lunar X Prize under the name TeamIndus. The Google Lunar X Prize was a competition announced in 2007 that was open to privately funded ventures aimed at inspiring the development of low-cost robotic lunar exploration. The competing craft were required to travel more than 500 metres (1,600 ft) on the lunar surface and transmit high-resolution video and images once there.[7] TeamIndus registered for the competition in 2011.[3] The launch deadline of the competition, which initially attracted entries from over 30 teams from 17 countries, was 31 March 2018.[8]

Google Lunar X Prize offered a main prize of US$20 million, a second prize of US$5 million and bonus prizes of US$5 million. Additional prizes totalling US$4.75 million were offered to those teams that met specific targets by 31 March 2018.[7][9] The competition ended in 2018 without a winner as no team met the launch deadline. TeamIndus initially planned to attempt to win the endurance and distance bonus prizes by designing a lunar lander and two rovers. They planned for the two rovers to be deployed together, which had a combined total mass of approximately 15 kilograms (33 lb).[10] One rover was to compete for the main task, i.e. to travel more than 500 meters on the lunar surface and send feedback to Earth. The other rover would have competed for the US$5 million worth prize by completing additional tasks beyond baseline requirements to win the grand or the second place prize, such as endurance and range.

In 2016, a contract with ISRO for a launch in 2017 was scheduled,[11] using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle operated by ISRO from the island of Sriharikota.[8] The launch contract was signed but not fully paid for.[3] The rocket was to be shared with Hakuto, a fellow competitor from Japan.[9] The planned mission duration was 30 Earth days.

The TeamIndus' lunar lander platform was code-named HHK1. The team planned a further modification of the HHK1 for other terrestrial and inter-stellar application after the Google Lunar X Prize competition had completed. For the competition, the HHK1 was to deploy the rovers and then operate as the main communication and control unit consisting of payload, propulsion, structural and other sub-systems.[12] The HHK-1 lander was designed to carry a payload of about 25 kg,[13] including their two small rovers.[14]

Short in time and money, TeamIndus was unable to launch before the deadline,[3] and the competition ended in 2018 without a winner.[15][6]

By April 2018, TeamIndus was working towards developing the hardware and launching the mission sometime in 2019,[15][6] possibly in partnership with Synergy Moon.[16] By March 2018, the organisation had raised US$23 million, but were in need of additional US$35 million.[3]

The lander was initially code-named HHK1, and their single rover is called ECA, an abbreviation for Ek Choti Si Asha (A Small Hope).[2] The spacecraft has a liquid rocket engine with a thrust capability of 440 N for deceleration, and sixteen small 22 N thrusters for finer orbital maneuvers and attitude control (orientation).[17] Then the lander would perform a soft landing at a location yet to be determined.[18]

The spacecraft would carry "a suite of commercial and experimental payloads."[18] The HHK-1 lander may include a small ultraviolet telescope called Lunar Ultraviolet Cosmic Imager (LUCI) that was developed by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics.[19][20][21][22] In June 2016 a letter of intent was signed with the French space agency CNES to carry the Color CMOS Camera for Space Exploration (CASPEX) micro-camera on board the team's rover,[23][24] and the signed agreement was announced on 9 January 2017, specifying that the French agency would contribute two CASPEX cameras for the ECA rover.[24] From 2016 to 2017, TeamIndus ran a competition called Lab2Moon which aimed to select scientific experiments that would be carried to the Moon. Space4Life, from Italy and Team ZΩI (team zoi) from Kolkata, India were chosen as winners in 2017.[25][26] Space4Life would test the potential to use cyanobacteria as a shield against radiation, while Team ZΩI's experiment would conduct photosynthesis on the Moon.[26]