Telegramgate

Telegramgate, also known as Chatgate or RickyLeaks,[4][5] was a political scandal involving Ricardo Rosselló, then Governor of Puerto Rico, which began on July 8, 2019, with the leak of hundreds of pages of a group chat on the messaging application Telegram between Rosselló and member of his cabinet. The messages were considered vulgar, misogynistic, racist, and homophobic toward several individuals and groups, and discussed how they would use the media to target potential political opponents. The leak came in the midst of allegations by former Secretary of Treasury of Puerto Rico, Raúl Maldonado Gautier, that his department boasted an "institutional mafia" that Rosselló was involved in. The leaks also came a year after a previous scandal, dubbed WhatsApp Gate, involving other members of Rosselló's cabinet.[6]

Telegramgate
Protesters celebrating the resignation of Ricardo Rosselló in San Juan, the day after the announcement. Residente, Bad Bunny and Ricky Martin (center, L–R) were among many public figures that demanded Rosselló's resignation.
DateJuly 8, 2019 – August 12, 2019
(1 month, 1 week and 4 days)
Location
Main demonstrations in Puerto Rico:

Solidarity protests:

  • Dozens of other cities in Puerto Rico, other parts of the United States, and abroad
Caused byLeak of hundreds of pages of vulgar, racist, and homophobic comments in a private group chat between Governor Ricardo Rosselló and members of his cabinet
GoalsResignation of Rosselló as the Governor of Puerto Rico
MethodsInternet activism, graffiti, sit-ins, street protests, picketing, protest art
Resulted inResignation of Rosselló as the Governor of Puerto Rico effective August 2 at 5:00 p.m. AST
Concessions
  • July 21: Rosselló announced his immediate resignation as president of his political party, seeking no reelection in 2020.
  • July 24: Rosselló announced his resignation as Governor of Puerto Rico, effective August 2 at 5:00 p.m. AST, leaving office as scheduled.[1][2]
Parties
Protesters
no centralized leadership
Lead figures

Protesters
no centralized leadership

Government

Casualties
Death(s)0
InjuriesAt least 20[3]
ArrestedAt least 16[3]

Mass protests arose, reaching up to 1,000,000 people at a single event on July 17.[7] On July 22, up to a million protesters[8] shut down the Expreso Las Américas, an 11-lane highway.[9][10][11] While several of his staff resigned in the wake,[11] Rosselló initially refused to resign as governor and simply resigned as president of the governing pro-statehood New Progressive Party on July 21 and said he would not seek re-election in the 2020 Puerto Rico gubernatorial election. By July 22, there had been eleven consecutive days of protests, near La Fortaleza, the Governor's residence in San Juan.[12] On July 24, Rosselló announced that he would resign as governor on August 2.[9][11] On August 2, Pedro Pierluisi, former Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico was sworn in immediately after Rosselló left office, but was later ordered by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico to abandon, since his swearing-in was not constitutional. Ultimately, the Secretary of Justice of Puerto Rico, Wanda Vázquez Garced, who was initially reluctant to take office, was sworn in as Governor of Puerto Rico. She became the second woman to assume the office and the first person to take over the position by succession and not by a democratic election.

Telegram chat dialog

On July 8, 2019, a small segment of Telegram chat messages between Ricardo Rosselló and various members of his cabinet, former advisors, and former campaign managers were leaked and spread by the local press.[13] The full 889-page copy of the conversations was published July 13, by local investigative news agency Puerto Rico Center for Investigative Journalism.[14]

Among those identified in the chat logs are:[13]

The chat messages were found by the general public to be vulgar, homophobic and racist and described as a "bro" culture among the group.[14] Chat members referred to New York City Council member Melissa Mark-Viverito as a "whore", made homophobic remarks about Ricky Martin, and called San Juan mayor Carmen Yulín Cruz "una tremenda HP [hija de puta]" - transl. "a total daughter of a bitch". The chats revealed plans to control the media and smear political opponents, and Rosselló shared confidential state information with the non-government officials in the chat.[13]

Other parts of the conversations joked about the death toll from Hurricane Maria.[13] When interviewed by Democracy Now on July 23, 2019, Carla Minet from the Puerto Rico Center for Investigative Journalism stated that it was those jokes that were particularly painful as many Puerto Ricans had been unable to properly bury their dead in the chaotic days that followed Hurricane Maria, and reading chats where the governor mentioned "cadavers", and did not stop others from joking about the dead, was seen as an unforgivable betrayal.[12]

Impact

Government
Ricardo Rosselló in April 2019

After Raúl Maldonado Gautier vacated his post, Rosselló nominated Francisco Parés Alicea to the position of Secretary of Treasury on July 1, who was functioning as interim at the time and as assistant secretary of internal revenue prior to taking over as interim. He was confirmed by the Senate a week later and assumed office on July 22, the day after Rosselló announced his resignation as governor. Prior to the full log's publication, on July 10, 2019, a 32-count federal indictment resulted in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) arresting six people, including two former high-ranking Puerto Rico government officials who served in Rosselló's government, on charges of conspiracy and other crimes in connection with millions of dollars in federal Medicaid and education funds.[16][17][18] Rosselló was vacationing in France at the time of the leaks on July 11, which forced him to return to the island.[11][19]

Several members of Rosselló's cabinet, who were involved and part of the chat log conversations, resigned following its publication of the document. Luis Rivera Marín and Christian Sobrino resigned from their positions in the government on July 13;[11][16] In addition, press secretary Dennise Peréz resigned on July 19,[20] and chief of staff Ricardo Llerandi followed suit on July 23.[21] On July 17, the Puerto Rico Department of Justice ordered that all participants be interviewed and have their phones inspected.[17][18][22] The FBI would neither confirm nor deny that it is investigating those involved.[17][18] On July 19, the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico formed an impeachment committee, its members being three attorneys appointed by House leader Carlos "Johnny" Méndez, to consider whether Rosselló committed impeachable offenses based on the chat log.[23][24] On July 23, a judge issued an order requiring all participants in the conversation to surrender their phones, which were then seized.[25][26] On July 24, the committee recommended five articles of impeachment against Governor Rosselló.[27] On July 28, the Secretary of Public Affairs, Anthony Maceira, resigned.[28]

Resignation of Rosselló

On July 21, Rosselló announced that he would not seek re-election in the 2020 Puerto Rico gubernatorial election, but he initially refused to resign as governor. He also announced his resignation as President of the New Progressive Party.[29][30][31] However, three days later, Rosselló announced that he would resign as governor, effective August 2, 2019, at 5:00 p.m. AST, and was to be replaced by Justice Secretary Wanda Vázquez Garced,[1][11][32] who, at the time, was the next eligible cabinet member to become Rosselló's successor; most of Rosselló's immediate cabinet members had either resigned or were relieved of their positions by Rosselló. As Treasury Secretary, Pares Alicea would have been next to succeed, but he did not meet the required minimum age of 35, in which case, the next in line was Secretary of Justice Vázquez Garced, who announced in a tweet that she was not interested in becoming governor and that she hopes Rosselló appoints someone before his last day.[28]

Succession

Before Rosselló's resignation was effective, he announced his nomination of Pedro Pierluisi to the position of Secretary of State on July 31, with the intention of having him succeed the office of Governor of Puerto Rico.[33] Pierluisi, former Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico during the Luis Fortuño administration and former Secretary of Justice of Puerto Rico during the Pedro Rosselló administration, was Ricardo Rosselló's former adversary in the 2016 primaries of their party, which resulted in Rosselló's victory over Pierluisi as the New Progressive Party's nominee for Governor of Puerto Rico in the 2016 general elections. That same day that, Pierluisi was sworn in as acting secretary of state,[34] while a new document with an additional 100 pages of the controversial chat was released by journalist Sandra Rodríguez Cotto. The very next day, August 1, the Senate of Puerto Rico denied Pierluisi confirmation before Rosselló's resignation, thus preventing him from becoming acting governor.[35]

After confirmation hearings, Pierluisi was confirmed as Secretary of State by House of Representatives on August 2; the Senate still had to conduct a ratification to confirm Pierluisi as secretary of state. However, he was sworn in as Governor of Puerto Rico on August 2, at 5:00 p.m. AST, immediately after Rosselló's term ended, despite not being confirmed by the Senate. He did so relying on a law that stated that when the legislature is on recess, any nomination is legitimate until the legislature goes back in session. As a result, the President of the Senate, Thomas Rivera Schatz, challenged the legitimacy of his ascent to office in the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico.[36] Protests continued, with their main focus shifting to calling for Pierluisi's resignation.[37][38][39] The Supreme Court then ruled his ascent to power unconstitutional. Afterwards, the then-Secretary of Justice, Wanda Vázquez was sworn in as the new governor of Puerto Rico, becoming the second woman to assume the office and the first person to take over the position by succession and not by a democratic election.

Unidos por Puerto Rico controversy

In July 2019, among calls for her husband to resign due to a scandal stemming from his involvement in the incriminating group chat, his wife, First Lady Beatriz Rosselló, was criticized for her management of Unidos for Puerto Rico (transl. United for Puerto Rico), a non-profit organization she created after Hurricane María which had been under investigation by the FBI. The First Lady had pointed out as having delayed the distribution disaster relief supplies. In August 2018, at least 10 trailers which held these supplies were found abandoned in a lot near a state election office; according to The New York Times, they had "broke[n] open and became infested by rats".[40] A spokeswoman for the elections commission said the offices were being used as a storage point at the request of the First Lady. Raúl "Rauli" Maldonado Nieves, the son of former Treasury Secretary Raúl Maldonado Gautier, claimed to have been present in a meeting in which Ricardo Rosselló demanded an amendment to an audit report into the containers as, according to Maldonado Nieves, the report would have "affected" the First Lady. The FBI opened an investigation into the finances and donation requests of Unidos por Puerto Rico to handle Hurricane Maria-related donations.[41][42] Unidos por Puerto Rico, which received $41 million in donations, was run for a time by Jorge del Pino, brother-in-law of lobbyist Elías Sánchez, who was also involved in the group chat scandal.[13]

Investigation

On August 28, 2020, the executive director of the Puerto Rico Government Ethics Office announced the investigation into the leaked 889-page chat dialog between Rosselló and members of his cabinet was completed. The investigation, which began on July 15, 2019, was closed due to inability to authenticate evidence, an essential element for the imputation of unethical conduct, rendering impossible for the administrative prosecution of its participants. As part of the investigation process, the ethics office's lawyers interviewed seven witnesses, including chat participants, and six affidavits were taken. Additionally, two other chat participants were contacted, but declined to cooperate with the investigation.

Witnesses that were interviewed admitted the instant-messaging application Telegram was the main form of communication between Rosselló and members of his cabinet but declined to authenticate the content of the leaked document, expressing malevolous alterations were presented on it. The ethics office's lawyers attempted to prove the authenticity of the content of the conversations through a certification request to the instant-messaging company itself, but were unsuccessful; the company is limited to release information on suspicion of terrorism to relevant authorities, such as IP address and telephone number, and not the content of conversations. The Department of Justice of Puerto Rico was also asked to cooperate in providing extracted information from cell phones of some of the chat's participants, with the purpose of obtaining unaltered and authentic content directly from the source, but was not shared due to the criminal investigation they're still conducting.[43][44]

On November 10, 2020, special prosecutors handed their investigation into the Rosselló administration's involvement in the chat scandal to the Special Independent Prosecutor's Panel, after ten days of redacting the document.[45] Ultimately, on November 24, 2020, the panel determined that criminal elements were not set up in the crimes that were described in the report, due to lack of evidence to sustain the accusations, adding that there were no loss of public funds or damage to public property. The panel also didn't find that the content of the chat led to carrying out a crime.[46]

Reactions

Civilian

Protests calling for the governor to resign began upon his return to Puerto Rico from France on July 11, 2019, and continued as of July 22. A July 17 protest in Old San Juan had an attendance of 500,000 people at its peak.[7][47][48] Protests were also held in other municipalities, cities, and countries.[49][50] Another protest which was held in Old San Juan on July 22, also drew hundreds of thousands and was reported to have set a protest record,[51][52] with NBC News estimating the crowd size to be potentially over 1 million by 1pm (AST).[8][53] The crowd size was reported to have eclipsed the previous record set when protestors gathered in 2004 to denounce the US Navy training missions in the island-municipality of Vieques.[12][54]

Many protested in creative ways, while doing yoga, holding signs while scuba diving under water, on horse-back, drumming, with face-painting, via group prayers,[55] and with public demonstration of reminders of those who died in Hurricane María.[56][57] On July 19, there was a cacerolazo (transl. a mass-banging of pots and pans), where people across the islands banged on pots and pans, demanding his resignation. Banging pots and pans has been a method of protesting by other Latin American nations in the past. In Puerto Rico residents were timing the banging of pots and pans for 8 p.m. each night.[58] A song, "Afilando los cuchillos" (transl. Sharpening the Knives), with lyrics by Bad Bunny, Residente, and iLe, was released during the protests.[59][60]

After Rosselló announced his resignation, the song "Te Boté" (transl. I Dumped You) was sung by protesters as they happily ripped down posters with his image and dumped them in garbage bins.[61] Perreo, a doggy-style dancing of reggaeton music was mentioned by people of Puerto Rico as contributing to the governor leaving office; Pedro Rosselló, Ricardo's father, had criminalized reggaetón during his term as Governor of Puerto Rico (1993–2001) in such length that record store employees were arrested for selling the genre's music.[62][63] After the resignation announcement, celebrations took place in front of La Fortaleza with people dancing perreo, after weeks of protesting and demands.[64]

Political

Congressman Raúl Grijalva (D-Arizona), chair of the House Natural Resources Committee, which oversees Puerto Rico policy, called for the governor to resign amid the scandal.[65] Jenniffer González, Puerto Rico's sole representative in Congress, said that she thought Rosselló should not seek re-election the following year as a result of the incident. Thomas Rivera Schatz, President of the Senate of Puerto Rico, took to Twitter and Facebook to call upon Rosselló and every government official included in the chat to resign; Carlos "Johnny" Méndez, Speaker of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico, did the same.[48] On July 13, former governor Sila María Calderón called upon Rosselló to resign[66] as well as former governor Luis Fortuño who published a letter on his social media.[67] On July 19, former San Antonio mayor and Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Julian Castro became the first 2020 Democratic presidential candidate to call for Rosselló's resignation,[68][69][70] followed by two fellow presidential contenders, Democratic Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard[71] and Senator Bernie Sanders.[72]

2020 primaries
Main article: 2020 New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico primaries

The Puerto Rico primary elections were held on August 9 and 16, 2020, among nationwide controversy with the Puerto Rico State Commission on Elections' inability to deliver voting ballots in time on August 9. Governor Wanda Vázquez Garced and former Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi both ran for the New Progressive Party nomination for Governor of Puerto Rico, resulting the latter as the winner.

2020 general elections
Main article: 2020 Puerto Rico gubernatorial election

The 2020 Puerto Rico gubernatorial elections were held on November 3, 2020, with six candidates running for the office of Governor of Puerto Rico. Former Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, who Ricardo Rosselló chose to succeed as Governor of Puerto Rico after the latter announced his resignation, was declared the winner by the Puerto Rico State Commission on Elections. He was sworn in as Governor of Puerto Rico on January 2, 2021, as per the Constitution of Puerto Rico.

References
  1. Mazzei, Patricia; Robles, Frances (July 24, 2019). "Ricardo Rosselló, Puerto Rico's Governor, Resigns After Protests". The New York Times. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
  2. Mazzei, Patricia; Robles, Frances (July 25, 2019). "Puerto Rico Governor Misread Anger Brewing Against Him". The New York Times. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
  3. "Varias organizaciones analizan el impacto de las manifestaciones contra Rosselló". El Nuevo Día. July 29, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
  4. Weissenstein, Michael; Colon, Joel (July 16, 2019). "'Chatgate' Scandal Plunges Puerto Rico Governor into Political Crisis". Time. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
  5. "Puerto Ricans demand resignation of governor in massive protests". Salon. July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  6. Serrano, Oscar J. (July 13, 2019). "WhatsApp Gate 2.0: Nuevo chat expone a la Administración Rosselló". NotiCel (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  7. Morales, Ed (July 19, 2019). "Why Half a Million Puerto Ricans Are Protesting in the Streets". The Nation. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
  8. "Un millón de personas habría asistido al Paro Nacional". July 23, 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  9. Allyn, Bobby; Neuman, Scott (July 25, 2019). "Puerto Rico Gov. Ricardo Rosselló Resigns In Wake Of Text Message Scandal". National Public Radio. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  10. "Puerto Ricans shut down major highway, march toward capitol to demand that the governor resign". The Washington Post. July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
  11. Romero, Simon; Robles, Frances; Mazzei, Patricia; Del Real, Jose A. (July 27, 2019). "15 Days of Fury: How Puerto Rico's Government Collapsed". The New York Times. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
  12. "How "Ricky Leaks" Exposed Puerto Rico's Governor and Sparked a Movement to Oust Him". Democracy Now. Retrieved July 23, 2019 – via YouTube.
  13. Acevedo, Nicole (July 15, 2019). "What's behind Puerto Rico's protests, scandal? Here's 5 things to know". NBC News. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  14. Robles, Frances; Rosa, Alejandra (July 22, 2019). "'The People Can't Take It Anymore': Puerto Rico Erupts in a Day of Protests". The New York Times. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  15. "Puerto Rico Ad Agencies Association suspends KOI". Caribbean Business. July 15, 2019.
  16. "Top Puerto Rico officials resign in group chat scandal that..." Reuters. July 14, 2019.
  17. Chavez, Nicole; McLaughlin, Eliott C.; Santiago, Leyla; Cuevas, Mayra; Edwards, Meridith (July 18, 2019). "Puerto Rico protesters are clearing the streets after a night of demonstrations included police firing tear gas". CNN.
  18. "Puerto Rico's justice department summons officials involved in homophobic and misogynistic chats". CNN Wire. July 17, 2019.
  19. "Llega a la isla el Gobernador Ricardo Rosselló". Metro PR (in Spanish). July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  20. "PR Gov's Press Secretary Resigns Amid 'Chatgate'". NBC 6 South Florida.
  21. Bello, Marco (July 23, 2019). "Puerto Rico governor's chief of staff resigns amid 'Chatgate' scandal". Global News. Reuters. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  22. "Puerto Rico governor Ricardo Rossello will not seek reelection". ABC7 Chicago. Associated Press. July 21, 2019.
  23. Cuevas, Mayra; Andone, Dakin; Vera, Amir (July 20, 2019). "Impeachment committee forms in Puerto Rico as protesters call for Gov. Rosselló to resign". CNN.
  24. "Puerto Rico: Impeachment committee forms as protesters call for Gov. Rosselló to resign". MSN.
  25. Robles, Frances; Mazzei, Patricia (July 23, 2019). "Puerto Rico Authorities Seize Cellphones Connected to Online Chat That Triggered Uprising". The New York Times. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  26. "Puerto Rico officials tied to online chat ordered to surrender cellphones". CBS News. July 23, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  27. Aceveco, Nicole (July 24, 2019). "Puerto Rico Legislature to begin impeachment process against Gov. Ricardo Rosselló". NBC News. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  28. Bacon, John (July 28, 2019). "Puerto Rico chaos: Governor-apparent Wanda Vázquez doesn't want the job". USA TODAY. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
  29. "Uncovering the roots of fury in Puerto Rico with Julio Ricardo Varela: podcast and transcript". NBC News. July 30, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  30. "Puerto Rico governor announces he will not seek re-election but refuses to resign". Fox News Channel. December 21, 2017. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  31. Campo-Flores, Andrew Scurria and Arian (July 21, 2019). "Puerto Rico's Governor, Facing Calls to Resign, Won't Seek Re-Election". The Wall Street Journal.
  32. Osborne, Mark; Hoyos, Joshua; Keneally, Meghan (July 24, 2019). "Embattled Puerto Rico Gov. Ricardo Rossello resigns after weeks of protests". ABC News. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  33. "Ricardo Rosselló selecciona a Pedro Pierluisi como secretario de Estado". El Nuevo Día. July 31, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
  34. Nicole Chavez (August 2019). "Puerto Rico's next governor could be a woman. She doesn't want the job but she says it's her duty". CNN.
  35. Coto, Dánica (August 2019). "Puerto Rico Still Unsure Who'll Be Governor Within Hours". NBC New York.
  36. "Puerto Rico's Senate files lawsuit to oust newly sworn-in governor". CBS News. August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  37. "Protestan Frente a la Fortaleza contra Pierluisi por Vínculos con AES" (in Spanish). August 4, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  38. "Manifestantes le piden la renuncia a Pedro Pierluisi" (in Spanish). August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  39. "Protestan contra Pierluisi y Rivera Schatz" (in Spanish). August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  40. Robles, Frances (August 10, 2018). "Containers of Hurricane Donations Found Rotting in Puerto Rico Parking Lot". The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  41. Correa Velázquez, Melissa (July 16, 2019). "Apunta el FBI a Unidos por Puerto Rico". El Vocero. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  42. "FBI investiga finanzas y donativos de Unidos por Puerto Rico". NotiUno. July 16, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  43. "Ética culmina investigación sobre chat de Telegram". Metro Puerto Rico. August 28, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  44. "La Oficina de Ética Gubernamental cierra la pesquisa sobre el chat de Telegram sin sanciones". El Nuevo Día. August 28, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  45. "Fiscales especiales entregan al panel del FEI informe sobre el chat de Rosselló". Metro Puerto Rico. November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  46. "Ricardo Rosselló reacciona a determinación del FEI sobre chat". El Vocero de Puerto Rico. November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  47. "Se caldean los ánimos durante manifestación frente a La Fortaleza". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). July 14, 2019.
  48. Mazzei, Patricia (July 14, 2019). "Puerto Rico Leadership in Turmoil Amid Calls for Ricardo Rosselló to Resign". The New York Times.
  49. "En Inglaterra, Chile y Seattle también gritan "Ricky vete ya"". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  50. "Protestas contra Ricardo Rosselló trascienden a nivel mundial". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  51. "Puerto Ricans flood streets, demand resignation of governor in huge protest". NBC News. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  52. Murphy, Paul; Hayes, Mike; Hammond, Elise; Rocha, Veronica (July 22, 2019). "Live: Hundreds of thousands protest in Puerto Rico". CNN. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  53. Varela, Julio Ricardo (July 22, 2019). "At Puerto Rico protests, Ricky Martin and Bad Bunny joined the 'Ricky renuncia' fight. Here's why". NBC News. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  54. "Massive protests held in Puerto Rico after governor refuses to step down". BBC News. July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  55. "Puerto Rico Protesters Got Creative: Dancing, Singing, Diving…". The New York Times. July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  56. "Puerto Ricans Try to Forge Movement to Oust Governor". Latino Rebels. July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  57. Weissenstein, Michael (July 18, 2019). "Puerto Ricans try to forge movement to oust governor". AP NEWS. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  58. "Salen a sus balcones y montan un cacerolazo masivo en la isla". Primera Hora (in Spanish). July 19, 2019.
  59. Robles, Frances (July 19, 2019). "'Sharpening the Knives': Musicians Join the Protests in Puerto Rico". The New York Times. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
  60. "'Afilando Los Cuchillos' Soundtracks Puerto Rico's Social Movement In Real Time". National Public Radio. July 25, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
  61. "Q&A with The Reggaeton producer DJ Blass from Puerto Rico". July 3, 2014.
  62. Dávila, Verónica; LeBrón, Marisol. "Perspective | How music took down Puerto Rico's governor". Washington Post.
  63. "DJ Sessions: The Music That Helped Oust Puerto Rico's Governor". www.wbur.org.
  64. Jackson, Jhoni; Exposito, Susan (July 25, 2019). "As Puerto Rico Governor Resigns, San Juan Parties the Night Away". Rolling Stone Magazine.
  65. Delgado Robles, José A. (July 10, 2019). "El congresista Raúl Grijalva pide la renuncia del gobernador". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  66. Lama Bonilla, Rafael (July 14, 2019). "Sila María Calderón le pide la renuncia a Ricardo Rosselló". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  67. "Luis Fortuño le pide la renuncia a Rosselló: "Deje que otro termine su término"". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  68. Laborde, Antonia (August 3, 2019). "La renuncia oficial de Rosselló no acalla las protestas en Puerto Rico". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  69. Castro, Julián. "Julián Castro on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  70. DiRienzo, Rob (July 19, 2019). "Castro becomes first 2020 Dem to urge embattled Puerto Rico governor to step down". Fox News Channel. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
  71. Gabbard, Tulsi [@TulsiGabbard] (July 18, 2019). "Hawaii and Puerto Rico share many of the same experiences and stories. I stand with Puerto Ricans demanding change, who have had enough of government corruption, and who deserve a government of, by, and FOR the people. El pueblo unido jamás será vencido. #RickyRenuncia" (Tweet). Retrieved July 19, 2019 – via Twitter.
  72. Sanders, Bernie [@BernieSanders] (July 20, 2019). "I stand with the people of Puerto Rico in their fight against corruption and join them in calling for the immediate resignation of Governor Rosselló" (Tweet). Retrieved July 19, 2019 – via Twitter.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.