Terraced Gardens, Rivington

The well-known landmark, reroofed in 2005 and again restored in 2018, is known by various names including Lookout Tower, Dovecote Tower and the Pigeon Tower. It was built between 1905 and 1909 and was a feature created by Mawson as part of an overall design, erected as a birthday present for Leverhulme's wife. Above the ornate fireplace on the upper floor is an inscription of their initials, spelling WHEEL, William Hesketh Elizabeth Ellen Lever and Leverhulme's motto, ‘MUTARE VEL TIMERE SPERNO’ ‘I spurn the fear to change’. The building features a spiral stone staircase and four floors.[10]

Further down the hillside, a section was built in 1921 as a man-made ravine, which along with the Japanese Garden built 1922 made use of artificial rock known as Pulhamite.[11][12]

Ravine, Terraced Gardens

After Lever's death, The Bungalow and grounds were purchased by the Bolton brewer, John Magee during which time he opened the gardens on open days for charity fundraising. Magee was a resident there from 1925 until his death in 1939, during which time he converted part of the great lawn into a tennis court for his daughters. After his death his executor offered the property to Bolton Council who turned it down, fearing the effect of increased local rates needed to cover maintenance costs. Liverpool Corporation then purchased the property in late 1939 in turbulent times just prior to the Second World War. During the war, the building and grounds were requisitioned by the military, and a significant decoy site was nearby. The bungalow was damaged while in military use and had significant neglect during the war.

In 1945 there was hope use could be found of the Bungalow with use by charities, however, the corporation objected and insisted it must be used as a private dwelling, this prevented charities, and voluntary groups from coming forward, with no buyers and with a great level of neglect and repairs needed demolition was announced 1947 and went ahead by 1948. The Liverpool Corporation Act required that the land owners consent always be obtained for commercial use, since the water company took ownership they have operated without restriction. Protective covenants in the sale from Leverhulme are not enforced.

A substantial change during the Magee era was the conversion of a large area known as 'The Great Lawn' to private tennis courts, this site has been granted planning consent in 2021 by Chorley Council for the Heritage Trust to hold weddings and wedding receptions, with marquee, catering trailers and temporary toilets. Part of the site is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest[13] Ecological Mitigation Measures were discharged in 2018.[14] In 2022 the public toilets serving the Terraced Gardens and wider area were ripped out and converted to a Cafe / Takeaway without replacements.

Liverpool City Council, the former owner, neglected the gardens and planned to demolish the structures and clear the site in 1967, after a public outcry, the Chorley local authority moved to protect the garden's structures by ensuring listed status thus saving the Terraced Gardens from bulldozers.

By 1974 the park and gardens had passed to the North West Water Authority from Liverpool Corporation, and to United Utilities on privatisation. In the mid-1970s the landowner planned to demolish the remaining garden structures, this was prevented by intervention with listed building status by Chorley Council. From 1976 a local voluntary group, the Bolton Conservation Volunteers stepped in and cleared overgrowth and worked to maintain what had by then become an important public asset.[15] The site was used for unofficial Music festivals in 1976 and 1977.

Rivington Heritage Trust, a body set up in 1997 by United Utilities in order to obtain £15 million in funding for 'Blue Planet Park' had its plans rejected for funding by the Millennium Commission which would have seen them take over all of Lever Park and Rivington Pike, plans were opposed by six regional MPs and were met with huge local opposition. A concern was that the area would be used as a venue for music festivals and other events and fees would be charged, Sue Wright, Media Relations Manager for North West Water made a public statement saying they would never do so.[16][17] The Bill and plan was rejected. Despite this the trust now hold regular music festivals and other events. The Terraced Gardens are available for hire.[18]

Blue Planet associated planning applications were Restoration of semi-derelict landscaped gardens including rebuilding of Stone House Lodge, Tea Houses, Visitors' Pavilion & Bothy, Ref. No: 96/00848/FUL, Application for Listed Building Consent for restoration of various structures, Ref. No: 96/00849/LBC, Infrastructure including car parks, access roadways, paths and avenues, park & ride system, interpretation & screening, Ref. No: 96/00851/FUL all applications were withdrawn.[19] The water company withdrew its bill in parliament in 1997, known as the Lever Park Act. Plans were put on hold by 1998.[20]

All Rhododendron were removed from the gardens in 2006 after Ramorum Disease was found at the site.[21] The site is now a managed woodland.

Although Rivington Heritage Trust abandoned much of the original Blue Planet Scheme and formed a plan to proceed gradually whilst lobbying and obtaining public support, by 2013 they had succeeded in obtaining £60,000 in grant funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund the Big Lottery Fund and presented new plans for the Rivington Terraced Gardens.[22][23] By 2016 the trust and Groundwork Cheshire Lancashire and Merseyside were successful in obtaining a grant of £3.4 million from the Heritage Lottery Fund to conserve and repair the Rivington Terraced Gardens and remaining Grade II listed structures. A lease of 50 years was also agreed in 2016 by United Utilities to the Rivington Heritage Trust.[24] The Clearance work has been undertaken by unpaid volunteers.[25] The trust comprises a number of local councillors and employees of United Utilities.

The former gardens are now used to hold a variety of events, mainly at the Great Lawn, former Tennis Lawns, and Italian Lake and Orchestral lawn. There are now private events held here and it is available for hire for weddings.[25][26] The Lancashire Environmental Fund awarded a grant of £23,000 in 2022 to improve accessibility from Lower House car park via Roynton Road to improve access at the site.[27]

Although the Terraced Gardens are not part of Lever Park a large area has right to roam and there is a public footpath, although officially never closed the trust charges admission during events and part is used for private hire, at which time public access is blocked. The lower section of the grounds, the ravine is usually freely accessible for members of the public.

After the demolition in 1948 for half a century, the public could roam the whole site at will. Rivington former Japanese and Kitchen Gardens within the Bungalow Grounds are now part of an extensive area of open access land recorded at Lancashire County Council and has a right to roam protected by the statutory powers in the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000.[28][29] There is a public footpath and a bridleway from Lever Park to Rivington Pike and Terraced Gardens. The public footpath number 82 runs through the gardens from the Ravine via the former Japanese and Kitchen Gardens, which is also an area of open access land with a right to roam, passing upward past the Great Lawn and an area of Bilberries[1] part of the West Pennine Moors SSSI,[30] toward the site of the former Bungalow and landmark Pigeon Tower then heading to Rivington Pike via Belmont Road.

Rivington Pike has access via Belmont Road (USRN 7400767) and is an open public road from Horwich, the road becomes rougher and less maintained the further up the hill it climbs in the direction of the Pigeon Tower, where it splits. The descending road there leads to Lower House car park but the surface of the road is washed away. Roynton Road (USRN: 7400820) provides access to the hillside and the Terraced Gardens from Lever Park and Sheep House Lane, from the direction of Chorley, Belmont and Horwich, the route has locked gates.[31][32][29]

At Rivington Terraced Gardens Wheelchair access is possible for all-terrain wheelchairs to attend events via the entrance from Lower House Car Park to the great lawn by arrangement.