Tetratheca

Tetratheca is a genus of around 50 to 60 species of shrubs endemic to Australia. It is classified in the botanical family Elaeocarpaceae, now known to encompass the family Tremandraceae, which the genus originally belonged to. It occurs throughout extratropical Australia, and has been recorded in every mainland state except the Northern Territory.[1]

Tetratheca
Tetratheca hirsuta
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Oxalidales
Family: Elaeocarpaceae
Genus: Tetratheca
Sm.
Species

See text

Origin and evolution

The origin of the genus is thought to be south-western Western Australia, radiating eastward. The distribution of Tetratheca is mainly across the temperate southern part of the continent. Most species are localised endemics and are highly disjunct from each other. Very few are widespread across Australia; none occurs in the Nullarbor Plain and only seven are found on both the western and the south-eastern sides.[2] (McPherson, 2008). The formation of the Nullarbor is thought to have created a barrier to dispersal between the east and west.[3]

It is estimated that the family Elaeocarpaceae is 120 million years old and Tetratheca estimated to be around 37 to 39 million years old, with major diversification over the Miocene and evolving much faster than their relatives, many of which are rainforest species. This coincides with the rapid radiation and diversification of other sclerophyllous groups.[4]

Species

Species include:[5]

References

  1. Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L.; Blake, Trevor (2010). Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation: Volume 9 – Sp-Z. Port Melbourne: Lothian Press. pp. 227, 233–34. ISBN 978-0-7344-0974-4.
  2. McPherson, H (2008). Crayn, D., Gross, C., Rossetta, M. "Phylogentics and Evolutionary Dynamics of 'Tetratheca' (Elaeocarpaceae)". University of New England. hdl:1959.11/2609.
  3. Thompson, Joy (10 December 1976). "A revision of the genus Tetratheca (Tremandraceae)". Telopea. 1 (3): 139–215. doi:10.7751/telopea19763301. ISSN 0312-9764.
  4. Crayn, D.M; Rossetto, M; Maynard, D. J (2006). "Molecular phylogeny and dating reveals an Oligo-Miocene radiation of dry-adapted shrubs (former Tremandraceae) from rainforest tree progenitors (Elaeocarpaceae) in Australia". American Journal of Botany. 93 (9): 1328–42. doi:10.3732/ajb.93.9.1328. PMID 21642198.
  5. "Tetratheca". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 14 September 2008.


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