Texigryphaea

Texigryphaea; Temporal range: Albian to Cenomanian; ~
	Texigryphaea mucronata from the Walnut Formation, Lower Cretaceous of Bell County, Texas
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Order:	Ostreida
Family:	Gryphaeidae
Subfamily:	Pycnodonteinae
Genus:	†Texigryphaea; Stenzel, 1959
Species[1][2]
	About 11 species, see text

Texigryphaea is an extinct genus of oyster belonging to the order Ostreida and family Gryphaeidae.[3] It dates to the Albian to Cenomanian Ages of the Cretaceous period and is primarily found in Texas and the southern Western Interior of North America.[1] However, specimens have been identified from northern Spain.[4]

The genus were free-living benthic oysters that were often the dominant species in late Albian biomes of the Western Interior Seaway.[1] Some limestone beds of the Muleros Formation near El Paso, Texas, consist almost entirely of fossil fragments of T. washitaensis.[2] Most species preferred soft substrates in quiet environments, but T. navia was adapted to firmer substrates in more energetic environments.[1] The genus differs from Jurassic Gryphaeidae in possessing a vesicular shell structure and chomata (a fine set of parallel ribs found on the inner valves).[4]

T. tucumcarii is considered to be a synonym for T. pitcheri.[1]

Selected species

Texigryphaea belvederensis (Hill & Vaughan 1898)
Texigryphaea corrugata (Say, 1823)
Texigryphaea gibberosa (Cragin, 1893)
Texigryphaea graysonana (Stanton, 1947)
Texigryphaea hilli (Cragin, 1891)
Texigryphaea marcoui (Hill and Vaughan, 1898)
Texigryphaea mucronata (Gabb, 1869)
Texigryphaea navia (Hall, 1856)
Texigryphaea pitcheri (Morton, 1834)
Texigryphaea roemeri (Marcou, 1862)
Texigryphaea washitaensis (Hill and Vaughan, 1898)

References

Kues, Barry S. (July 1989). "Taxonomy and variability of three Texigryphaea (Bivalvia) species from their Lower Cretaceous (Albian) type localities in New Mexico and Oklahoma". Journal of Paleontology. 63 (4): 454–483. doi:10.1017/S0022336000019697.
Strain, W.S. (1976). "New formation names in the Cretaceous at Cerro de Cristo Rey, Dona Ana County, New Mexico; Appendix 2" (PDF). New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Memoir. 31: 77–82. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
Cox, L.R. (1971). "Part N errata and revisions". In Moore, R.C. (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N, Mollusca 6, Bivalvia 3. Lawrence, KS: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas. pp. N1214–N1217.
Hallam, A.; Gould, S.J. (17 June 1975). "The evolution of British and American Middle and Upper Jurassic Gryphaea : a biometric study". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 189 (1097): 511–542. doi:10.1098/rspb.1975.0071.

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[kues-1] Kues, Barry S. (July 1989). "Taxonomy and variability of three Texigryphaea (Bivalvia) species from their Lower Cretaceous (Albian) type localities in New Mexico and Oklahoma". Journal of Paleontology. 63 (4): 454–483. doi:10.1017/S0022336000019697.

[Strain-2] Strain, W.S. (1976). "New formation names in the Cretaceous at Cerro de Cristo Rey, Dona Ana County, New Mexico; Appendix 2" (PDF). New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Memoir. 31: 77–82. Retrieved 5 August 2020.

[3] Cox, L.R. (1971). "Part N errata and revisions". In Moore, R.C. (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N, Mollusca 6, Bivalvia 3. Lawrence, KS: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas. pp. N1214–N1217.

[HallamGould-4] Hallam, A.; Gould, S.J. (17 June 1975). "The evolution of British and American Middle and Upper Jurassic Gryphaea : a biometric study". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 189 (1097): 511–542. doi:10.1098/rspb.1975.0071.