Thaddeus Fairbanks

Fairbanks was born in the town of Brimfield, Massachusetts, on January 16, 1796, the elder of three sons of Joseph Fairbanks and Phebe (née Paddock) Fairbanks.[1] He was educated in the schools of Brimfield while working on the family farm in his spare time, and showed a natural inclination toward mechanics.[2][3]

Fairbanks made a woodworking shop above his father's sawmill and gristmill, which were powered by the Sleepers River,[4][5] where he made carriages until 1824.[6] He then constructed an iron foundry, with his brother Erastus joining him in the establishment of E. & T. Fairbanks to make furnaces, cooking stoves, cast iron plows, and farm implements.[7] Fairbanks was the mechanical technician behind the company's inventions while Erastus was the businessman who marketed the products.[8] In 1826, Fairbanks was granted a patent for a refrigerator and a cast iron plow.[9]

In 1830, Fairbanks patented a hemp-and-flax-dressing device called a Haynes machine and [1][10] became the general manager of the Saint Johnsbury Hemp Company.[5][11] This enterprise included mechanical scales that suspended heavy objects from log beams to weigh the large loads of hemp straw brought in by farmers; these scales which were not accurate, making it difficult to determine how much to pay sellers for their product.[12][3]

After experimenting with designs for a more accurate weighing method, Fairbanks devised a platform scale, which revolutionized the farming and business worlds by making it easy to weigh large containers.[13] By placing a full wagon or railroad car on the scale to weigh it when full, unloading it, weighing it empty, and subtracting the difference, The Fairbanks scale enabled accurate weighing of products and payment to the sellers.[14] Fairbanks received a patent on the platform scale, which his brothers advised him to produce and sell.[15] In 1834, Fairbanks and his brothers Erastus and Joseph formed E. & T. Fairbanks Company to make and market the Fairbanks platform scale.[16]

Fairbanks scales were displayed at ten international expositions including London, Paris, Vienna, Philadelphia, Chicago, Buffalo and St. Louis, where they were awarded gold and silver medals for technological advancement.[5] He received many foreign awards, including a knighthood and the Imperial Order of Franz Joseph from the Emperor of Austria. He also received a gold medal from the King of Siam, and medals and honors from the Bey of Tunis.[4]

Fairbanks scales became popular worldwide and units sold overseas included the metric system and the numerals of the country where they were sold (i.e. Chinese characters).[11] In 1874, the business partnership was incorporated as the Fairbanks Scale Company.[17] By 1885, 1,000 workers were employed at the main factory in St. Johnsbury and they 70,000 scales a year.[18] Other factories were established in Asian and African countries, including Russia, Holland, Cuba, Siam, and Japan.[18] In 1916, the E. & T. Fairbanks Company was reincorporated as Fairbanks, Morse & Company.[19] Ownership has since changed hands several times but Fairbanks platform scales are still made in Saint Johnsbury, Vermont.[19]

In 1820 Fairbanks married Lucy Peck Barker (1798–1866).[20] They had five children, two of whom lived to adulthood.[20] His daughter Charlotte (1836–1869) was the wife of Reverend George N. Webber.[20] His son Reverend Henry Fairbanks (1830–1918) cared for Fairbanks in his last years.[5] Fairbanks received over forty patents in his lifetime,[4] the forty-third one being granted to him at the age 90. On March 31, 1886, Fairbanks fell and broke his hip and it did not heal properly. He died on April 12, 1886, and was buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in St. Johnsbury.[21][22]

In addition to his brother Erastus, Fairbanks' relatives included uncle Ephraim Paddock and nephews Franklin Fairbanks and Horace Fairbanks.[23][24]

St Johnsbury Academy, Colby Hall

Fairbanks was involved in numerous charitable and civic endeavors, including the 1842 founding of the St. Johnsbury Academy. He originally paid $50,000 (equivalent to $1,691,000 in 2022) for the construction of a red brick building of Norman-Gothic Tudor style. The academy later added South Hall at a cost to Fairbanks of $36,000 (equivalent to $1,218,000 in 2022). In 1872 Fairbanks erected larger modern brick structures at a cost of $200,000 (equivalent to $4,886,000 in 2022). In 1873 the academy was reincorporated as a school of grades 9-12 for all boys and girls.[25]

Other philanthropic and civic endeavors in which Fairbanks took part included serving on the board of trustees of Middlebury College and donating to the missionary and educational activities of the Congregational church.[20] In 1851, Middlebury awarded Fairbanks the honorary degree of Master of Arts.[26]

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  Fairbanks, Morse & Company national headquarters building
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  Very large Fairbanks scale
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  Fairbanks Scale at home
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  Fairbanks platform scale
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  Various Fairbanks scales

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  Fairbanks Historical Marker
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  Fairbanks track scale
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  Fairbanks Cotton Scale
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  Fairbanks-Morse scales
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  Fairbanks butcher's scale

• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fairbanks, Erastus" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 130; see middle para. His brother, Thaddeus Fairbanks (1796–1886), inventor, was born...
• Duffy, John J. (2003). The Vermont Encyclopedia. University Press of New England. ISBN 1-58465-086-9.
• Fairbanks, Edward (1914). The Town of St. Johnsbury, Vt.
• Ingham, John N. (1983). Biography Dictionary Business Leaders of American. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313239076.
• Moody, John (1923). Moody's Analyses of Investments. Moody's Investors Services. OCLC 930258712.
• Ullery, Jacob G. (1894). Men of Vermont. Transcript Publishing Company. OCLC 1048796062.