List of southernmost items

The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.

Cities and settlements
See also: Southernmost settlements
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Capital (of an independent nation) New Zealand Wellington, New Zealand 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E
Permanent settlement of any sizeAntarctica Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica 90°S 0°E
Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people[1] Antarctica McMurdo Station, Antarctica 77°51′S 166°40′E
Town > 1,000 people Chile Puerto Williams, Chile 54°56′S 67°37′W
City > 50,000 people Argentina Ushuaia, Argentina 54°48′S 68°18′W
City > 100,000 people Chile Punta Arenas, Chile 53°10′S 70°56′W
City > 250,000 people New Zealand Christchurch, New Zealand 43°31′48″S 172°37′13″E
City > 500,000 people Argentina Mar del Plata, Argentina 38°00′S 57°33′W
Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people Australia Melbourne, Australia 37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E
Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people Argentina Buenos Aires, Argentina 34°36′12″S 58°22′54″W
Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people Brazil São Paulo, Brazil 23°33′06″S 46°38′01″W

Geography
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Body of water (navigable) Bay of Whales, Ross Sea 78°30′S 164°20′W
Land (excluding Antarctica) Thule Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 59°31′50″S 27°23′50″W

Islands
See also: List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Any island (above sea level) Deverall Island 81°28′S 161°54′E
Any island (with bare rock, not ice-covered) Ross Island 77°50′S 166°40′E
Any size excluding Antarctica Thule Island 59°27′S 27°18′W
Island > 10,000 km2 excluding Antarctica Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina/Chile 55°02′S 56°27′W
Island > 100,000 km2 South Island, New Zealand 46°40′S 169°00′E
Coral atoll Elizabeth Reef, Australia 29°57′S 159°4′E

Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.

Nature

Animals
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Bird: South polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) seen at the South Pole[2] 90°00′S 00°00′W
Amphibian: Gray four-eyed frog (Pleurodema bufoninum) Southern tip of South America[3] 53°54′S 71°18′W
Mammal: Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) Southern Ocean[4][5] 80th parallel south
Marsupial: Patagonian opossum (Lestodelphys halli) Estancia La Madrugada, Argentina[6] 47.1°S 66.48361°W / -47.1; -66.48361 (Lestodelphys)
Reptile: Liolaemus magellanicus Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego[7] 52.382367°S 68.409956°W / -52.382367; -68.409956 (Liolaemus)
Insect: Antarctic midge (Belgica antarctica) Refuge Islands[8][9] 68°21′S 67°10′W
Fish: Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Gymnoscopelus braueri, Electrona antarctica Ross Sea[10] 75th parallel south

Plants
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Flowering plants (in greenhouses) Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica[11] 90°00′S 139°16′W
Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring) Terra Firma Islands, Antarctica[12] 68°42′S 67°32′W
Trees (Nothofagus betuloides, naturally occurring) Hornos Island, Chile[13] 55°58′S 67°15′W
Conifers (Pilgerodendron uviferum, naturally occurring) Tierra del Fuego, Chile[14][15] 54°20′S 70°7′W
Palms (nikau (Rhopalostylis sapida), naturally occurring) Chatham Islands, New Zealand[16] 44°02′S 176°26′W

Agriculture
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Cattle farm Estancia Moat, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[17] 54°58′32.4″S 66°44′41″W
Cherry orchard Los Antiguos, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina[18] 46°32′30.24″S 71°39′20.32″W
Potato farm Centro Experimental Kampenaike, Magallanes Region, Chile[19] 52°37′59.24″S 70°32′40.87″W
Rice field San Nicolás, Ñuble Region, Chile[20][21] 36.503333°S 72.212222°W / -36.503333; -72.212222 (San Nicolás)
Vineyard Chile Chico, Aysén Region, Chile[22] 46°32′0.41″S 71°41′16.46″W

Education
Item Place Latitude/longitude
International Baccalaureate school John McGlashan College, Dunedin, New Zealand[23] 45°51′17″S 170°29′55″E
University National University of Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina[24] 54°48′57″S 68°19′04″W
Kindergarten Puerto Williams,[25] Chile 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Secondary school Puerto Williams, Chile[26] 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Primary school Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín", Esperanza Base, Antarctica[27] 63°24′S 57°00′W

Science and technology
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Astronomical observatory South Pole Telescope, Antarctica 90°S 0°E
Permanent scientific
research station		 Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica 90°S 0°E
Planetarium Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand[28] 45.865678°S 170.510471°E / -45.865678; 170.510471 (Otago Museum)
Nuclear power plant Atucha I, Argentina[29] 33°58′S 59°12′W
Atucha II, Argentina 33°58′S 59°12′W

Historical sites and archaeological findings
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Prehistoric archaeological site Yaghan people's Cape Horn hunting camp,[30] Chile. 55.97183°S 67.264006°W / -55.97183; -67.264006 (Isla Hornos, Chile)

Transportation
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights) Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica 89°59′22″S 1°0′0″W
Seaport/Harbour Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica[31] 77°51′S 166°40′E
Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights) Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport, Puerto Williams, Chile 54°56′S 67°37′W
International airport Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport, Ushuaia, Argentina 54°50′S 068°17′W
Metro station Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón in Buenos Aires, Argentina[32] 34°38′34.9″S 58°27′41.8″W
Railway Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina[33] 54°48′S 68°18′W
Narrow gauge railway Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica[34][35]

The record was previously held by a 1963 installed line at the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island.[34]

 66°40′S 140°01′E
Suspension bridge Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge, Falkland Islands[36] 51.853912°S 59.017825°E / -51.853912; 59.017825 (Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge)
Underground railway station Flagstaff railway station, Melbourne, Australia 37.812121°S 144.956065°E / -37.812121; 144.956065

Recreation

Sport
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Bowling club Stewart Island Bowling Club, Oban, New Zealand[37] 46.899224°S 168.128746°E / -46.899224; 168.128746 (Stewart Island Bowling Club)
Ski resort Cerro Castor, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[38] 54°43′S 68°00′W
Golf club Ushuaia Golf Club, Ushuaia, Argentina[39] 54.831183°S 68.417283°E / -54.831183; 68.417283 (Ushuaia Golf Club)

Religious buildings
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Church (ice-made) Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows, Belgrano II Base, Antarctica[40][41] 77°52′S 34°37′W
Church (regular) Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church), King George Island, Antarctica 62°12′S 58°58′W
Mormon church Puerto Williams, Chile[42] 54°56′S 67°37′W
Cathedral El Sagrado Corazón, Diocese of Punta Arenas, Punta Arenas, Chile[43] 53°10′S 70°56′W
Hindu temple Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas, Chile[44] 53°10′S 70°56′W
Mosque Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill, New Zealand[45] 46°24′35″S 168°23′20″E
Synagogue Dunedin Synagogue, Dunedin, New Zealand[46][47] 45°52′S 170°30′E
Buddhist stupa the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand[48] 45°51′S 170°39′E
Sikh Gurdwara New Zealand Sikh Society (Wellington), Lower Hutt, New Zealand[49] 41°12′S 174°57′E

Shops and service facilities
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Tourist office Puerto Williams,[50] Chile 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Restaurant Lodge Lakutaia,[51] Puerto Williams, Chile 54.936789°S 67.613039°W / -54.936789; -67.613039
Cinema Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula 62°14′S 58°40′W
Public post office Port Lockroy, Goudier Island, Antarctica[52] 64°49′S 63°30′W
Bar Faraday Bar,[53] Vernadsky Research Base, Antarctica 65.245747°S 64.257391°W / -65.245747; -64.257391
Automated teller machine McMurdo Station, Antarctica[54] 77°51′S 166°40′E

International brand names
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Mobil petrol station Invercargill, New Zealand 46°25′46″S 168°21′42″E [55]
H&M Christchurch, New Zealand 43°32′00″S 172°38′16″E [56]
Shell petrol station Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia 43°00′00″S 147°19′13″E [57]
7-Eleven Rosebud, Victoria, Australia 38°21′25″S 144°54′04″E [58]
ECCO Moorabbin, Melbourne, Australia 37°58′15″S 145°05′21″E [59]
IKEA Springvale, Melbourne, Australia 37°55′36″S 145°08′36″E

Franchised food brands
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Baskin-Robbins Camberwell, Melbourne, Australia 37.830423°S 145.056742°E / -37.830423; 145.056742
Wendy's Dunedin, New Zealand[60] 45.894013°S 170.503808°E / -45.894013; 170.503808
Starbucks Invercargill, New Zealand[61] 46.411950°S 168.349075°E / -46.411950; 168.349075
Burger King Invercargill, New Zealand[62] 46.413267°S 168.361750°E / -46.413267; 168.361750
KFC Invercargill, New Zealand 46.418758°S 168.361609°E / -46.418758; 168.361609
McDonald's Invercargill, New Zealand[63] 46.420921°S 168.361503°E / -46.420921; 168.361503
Pizza Hut Invercargill, New Zealand 46.427798°S 168.361313°E / -46.427798; 168.361313
Subway Invercargill, New Zealand 46.427908°S 168.361736°E / -46.427908; 168.361736
Domino's Pizza Punta Arenas, Chile 53.138801°S 70.889852°W / -53.138801; -70.889852
Hard Rock Café Ushuaia, Argentina 54.806825°S 68.3062502°W / -54.806825; -68.3062502

Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria
Item Place Latitude/longitude
National park Cabo de Hornos National Park, Tierra del Fuego, Chile 55°49′58″S 67°25′58″W
Penguin reserve Magdalena Island Penguin Reserve, Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Chile[64]
Aviary Queens Park Aviary, Invercargill, New Zealand 46°24′13″S 168°21′37″E
Botanical garden Jardín Botánico de Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Argentina[65] 54°47′6.5″S 68°16′56″W

Other
Item Place Latitude/longitude
UNESCO world heritage site (natural) French Austral Land and Seas[66] 90°00′S 45°00′E (southernmost Point)
UNESCO world heritage site (cultural) Cueva de las Manos, Argentina[67] 47°9′S 70°40′W
Skyscraper (>100 m) Majestic Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 41.288501°S 174.774296°E / -41.288501; 174.774296 (Majestic Centre)
Opera house Opera House, Wellington, New Zealand 41.2915°S 174.7778°E / -41.2915; 174.7778 (Wellington Opera House)
High-rise building Cue Building,[68] Invercargill, New Zealand 46.4110°S 168.3493°E / -46.4110; 168.3493 (Cue Building)
Mine Invierno mine, Riesco Island, Chile[69] 52°52′11.92″S 71°37′31.13″W
Brewery Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia, Argentina[70] 54.789983°S 68.265745°W / -54.789983; -68.265745 (Cerveza Artesenal Beagle)
Lighthouse Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island, Chile[71] 55°57′54″S 67°13′12″W
Bell tower First Church of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand[72] 45.8760°S 170.5047°E / -45.8760; 170.5047 (First Church of Otago)
Place of birth of a human Esperanza Base, Antarctica (Emilio Marcos Palma in 1978 and seven others) [73] 63°24′S 57°00′W
Cemetery Buromskiy Island, Antarctica[74] 66°32′S 93°0′E

See also

References
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