Timeline of Belfast history
This article is intended to show a timeline of the history of Belfast, Northern Ireland, up to the present day.
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1100–1799
- 1177 – The village of Belfast comes under the ownership of John de Courcy after the Battle of Downpatrick.[1]
- 1571 – Belfast Castle is granted to Thomas Smith.[2]
- 1737 – The city's first newspaper, the Belfast News Letter is established.[3]
- 1759 – Population of Belfast is estimated to be 8,000.[4]
- 1788 – The Linen Hall Library is establsihed.[5]
- 1792 – The Belfast Harp Festival takes place with the aim of reviving Irish traditional music.[6]
1800–1899
- 1801 – The Belfast Literary Society is established.[7]
- 1808 – Population of Belfast is estimated to be 25,000.[4]
- 1814 – The Royal Belfast Academical Institution opens as the Belfast Academical Institution.[8]
- 1821 – The Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society is established.[7]
- 1828 – The Botanic Gardens are established.[9]
- 1830 – Belfast becomes the world's leading producer of linen.[4]
- 1841 – Population of Belfast is estimated to be 70,447 and the city boundary is extended.[4]
- 1853 – The city boundary is extended.[4]
- 1862 – Ulster Hall opens.[10]
- 1871 – Ormeau Park opens.[11]
- 1881 – Belfast is given city status.[4]
- 1886 – Riots break out between catholic and protestant civilians over tensions arising from the Home Rule Bill.[12]
- 1888 – Alexandra Park, Woodvale Park and Belfast Central Library open.[13][14][15]
- 1895 – The Grand Opera House opens.[16]
- 1896 – The city boundary is extended.[4]
1900–1999
- 1901 – Population of Belfast is estimated to be 349,180.[4]
- 1906 – Belfast City Hall and Victoria Park open.[17][18]
- 1912 – The Titanic leaves Belfast on 2 April and heads for Southampton.[19]
- 1921 – Belfast becomes the capital of Northern Ireland.[4]
- 1924 – Musgrave Park opens.[20]
- 1934 – Belfast Zoo opens to the public.[21]
- 1951 – The population of Belfast is estimated to be 443,671.[4]
- 1957 – The Ulster Society of Women Artists is established.[22]
- 1962 – The Belfast International Arts Festival is established.[23]
- 1970 – Fighting breaks out between the IRA and the British Army after the army searches for weapons in the Falls Road area.[24]
- 1971 – In August a series of incidents caused by the 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment of the British Army result in the deaths of 9 people.[25] 3 people are killed in November after the Provisional IRA set off a bomb in the Red Lion Pub.[26] An explosion caused by the Ulster Volunteer Force at McGurk's Bar kills 15 people in December.[27]
- 1972 – In March an explosion in Abercorn Restaurant on Castle Lane kills 2 people and injures more than 140.[28] 5 people are killed and 2 people are injured in July when the British Army open fire at civilians in the Springhill Estate.[29] A further 9 people are killed and 130 people are injured later that month when 22 bombs are set off by the Provisional IRA around Belfast in an event that becomes known as Bloody Friday.[30]
- 1975 – In April 5 people are killed and 60 are injured when a bomb is detonated in the Mountain Tavern.[31] A series of attacks in October by the Ulster Volunteer Force across several places in Northern Ireland including Belfast kills 12 people.[32]
- 1988 – 3 people are killed and more than 50 people injured in March when a gunman opens fire during the funeral of Provisional IRA members who died in Gibraltar.[33] Three days later, British Army corporals Derek Wood and David Howes are killed by the IRA after they drove onto a street where an IRA funeral prossession was passing.[34]
- 1991 – The Cultúrlann McAdam Ó Fiaich, an Irish language cultural centre, opens.[35]
- 1992 – Five people are killed in February when two members of the Ulster Defence Association open fire at Sean Graham bookmakers.[36] In November the Ulster Defence Association attacked James Murray's bookmakers which resulted in the death of 3 people.[37]
- 1993 – A bomb explodes on Shankhill Road which kills 10 people.[38]
- 1995 – The Belfast Film Festival is established.[39]
- 1998 – The Good Friday Agreement is signed in Belfast.[40]
2000–present
- 2004 – £26 million is stolen from the headquarters of Northern Bank.[41]
- 2007 – The Irish Republican History Museum is established.[42]
- 2012 – Titanic Belfast opens.[43]
- 2013 – An explosion occurs in the Cathedral Quarter resulting in hundreds of people being evacuated from the city centre.[44]
- 2014 – The Duncairn Centre for Arts & Culture opens.[45]
- 2021 – Riots break out in the Shankill area of Belfast.[46]
- 2022 – The Europa Hotel is evacuated after a fire breaks out.[47]
References
- "Downpatrick battle set in motion a tale of intrigue". Belfasttelegraph.co.uk. 14 March 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- Adams, Gerry (March 1993). Falls Memories: A Belfast Life. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-56833-191-1.
- "Belfast News-Letter in British Newspaper Archive". Retrieved 10 November 2022 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- The Oxford companion to Irish history (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2011. pp. 43–44. ISBN 9780199691869.
- "Linen Hall Library on JSTOR". www.jstor.org. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- Clark, Nora Joan (2003). The Story of the Irish Harp: Its History and Influence. North Creek Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-9724202-0-4.
- Johnson, Alice (29 February 2020). Middle-Class Life in Victorian Belfast. Oxford University Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-78962-031-3.
- "History, Aims & Ethos". The Royal Belfast Academical Institution. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "Botanic Gardens". Belfast City Council. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- Wollenberg, Susan (29 September 2017). The Piano in Nineteenth-Century British Culture: Instruments, Performers and Repertoire. Routledge. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-351-54157-2.
- "Ormeau Park". Belfast City Council. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "Belfast Riots – A Short History – The Irish Story". irishstory.com. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- "Alexandra Park". Belfast City Council. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "Woodvale Park". Belfast City Council. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- Scott, Sarah (14 October 2018). "Take a trip down memory lane of 130 years of Belfast Central Library". BelfastLive. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- Scott, Sarah (13 September 2018). "Take a look back at the Belfast theatre that's been open for 123 years". BelfastLive. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- "Belfast City Hall, one hundred years". Royal Society of Ulster Architects. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "Victoria Park". Belfast City Council. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- Cook, Julie (30 March 2020). The Titanic and the City of Widows It Left Behind: The Forgotten Victims of the Fatal Voyage. Pen and Sword History. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-5267-5717-3.
- "Musgrave Park". Belfast City Council. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "Who gave a home to elephant Sheila?". BBC News. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "About". USWA. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- "Memorable moments: A look back through the decades as Belfast International Arts Festival celebrates milestone 60th year". Belfasttelegraph.co.uk. 20 August 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- Young, Connla (6 July 2020). "50th anniversary of Falls Curfew remembered". The Irish News. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- "Ballymurphy massacre: MoD to pay damages to bereaved relatives". The Guardian. 13 June 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- Edwards, Aaron (1 December 2017). UVF: Behind the Mask. Merrion Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-78537-106-6.
- "McGurk's Bar bombing: 'I want justice for my grandparents'". BBC News. 12 December 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "Abercorn bomb, 50 years on: 'She went for a coffee and never came home'". The Irish Times. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "Looking Back on the Unsolved Case of Northern Ireland's Springhill Massacre". www.vice.com. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- "Bloody Friday: What happened in Belfast on 21 July 1972?". BBC News. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "Man released over 1975 Shankill pub bombing". BBC News. 2 March 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "CAIN: Events: IRA Truce - 9 Feb 1975 to 23 Jan 1976 - A Chronology of Main Events". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "1988: Three shot dead at Milltown Cemetery". BBC News. 16 March 1988. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "The inside story of the brutal killing of Wood and Howes". independent. 18 September 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- "Cultúrlann McAdam Ó Fiaich". Doherty Architects. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- "Police 'handed' gun used in 1992 Sean Graham massacre to loyalist terrorist". The Irish Times. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- Young, Connla (7 February 2022). "Police Ombudsman asked to investigate triple UDA murders". The Irish News. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- "MI5 'failed to act on tip-off that could have prevented fatal Belfast bombing'". The Independent. 26 January 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "The best in new cinema: Belfast Film Festival". British Council. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "Good Friday Agreement | British-Irish history | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "The Northern Bank robbery: Story of the 2004 IRA heist | The BelTel podcast". Belfasttelegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- "Hunger strikes put in context: a visit to Irish Republican History Museum". The Irish Times. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- Gordon, Yvonne (10 April 2012). "100 years on, The Titanic is bigger than ever in Belfast". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- "Bomb explosion in Belfast as Christmas revellers evacuated from city centre". The Guardian. 13 December 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "Duncairn Centre for Culture & Arts – one year on | Cronfa Treftadaeth y Loteri Genedlaethol". www.heritagefund.org.uk (in Welsh). 20 October 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- "Northern Ireland unrest: why has violence broken out?". The Guardian. 8 April 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- "Europa Hotel Belfast evacuated as firefighters attend blaze on 11th floor". ITV News. 14 January 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
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