Timeline of Gdańsk
Middle Ages
Timeline of Gdańsk
Historical affiliations
Historical affiliations
Duchy of Poland 997–1025
Duchy of Pomerelia 1227–1282
Teutonic Order 1308–1410
Kingdom of Poland 1410–1411
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1793
Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1807
Free City of Danzig 1807–1814
German Empire 1871–1918
Weimar Germany 1918–1920
Nazi Germany 1939–1945
People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989
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- c. VII century - Settlement is established on the Motława river.
- c. X century - Gdańsk becomes a defensive fort for Kashubian dukes.
- 997 - Saint Adalbert baptises the citizens of urbs Gyddannyzc.
- 1013 - Poland loses influence over the region.
- 1047 - Casimir I takes back control over Gdańsk.
- 1186 - Cistercians establish a monastery in Oliwa.
- 1216 - Swiętopełk II takes control of Pomerania.
- 1224 - Gdańsk granted city rights.
- 1227 - Dominican Monastery founded in Gdańsk.
- 1253 - Oliwa is raided by the Teutonic Order.
- 1260 - St. Dominic's Fair begins.
- 1263 - The village of Wrzeszcz, today's borough of Gdańsk, mentioned for the first time.[1]
- 1271 - First mention of Polanki and Przymorze.
- 1294, 1295 - Visits of Polish King Przemysł II.[2]
- 1308 - November 13: Teutonic takeover of Gdańsk.[3]
- 1325 - Brzeźno is mentioned for the first time.
- 1326 - St. Catherine's Church built.[4]
- 1327 - Construction of the Gdańsk Town Hall begins.
- 1343 - Casimir III the Great agrees to give Pomerelia to the Teutonic order.
- 1346 - Gaol Tower built.[5]
- 1350 - Artus Court built (approximate date).
- 1360 - City joins Hanseatic League (approximate date).[4]
- 1391 - Foundation of the Marienbrunn Abbey.
- 1410 - The city recognized Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło as rightful ruler,[6] but the next year it came under Teutonic rule again.
- 1416 - A revolt against the local government happens due to its weak management.
- 1440 - City joins the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation.
- 1454
- 11 February: Townspeople captured the local castle.[7]
- 6 March: City reincorporated to the Kingdom of Poland by King Casimir IV Jagiellon upon the request of the Prussian Confederation.[8]
- March: City authorized by the Polish king to mint Polish coins.[9]
- June: City solemnly pledged allegiance to the King in Elbląg, recognizing the Teutonic annexation and rule as unlawful.[10]
- 1455 - Danzig law in effect (approximate date).
- 1458 - Truce between Poland and Denmark signed, after Denmark initially sided with the Teutonic Knights in the Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466).[11]
- 1463 - The fleets of Elbląg and Gdańsk defeat the Teutonics on the Vistula Lagoon.
- 1465 - St. John's Church built.[4]
- 1481 - Artus Court rebuilt.[5]
- 1494 - Hall of the Brotherhood of St. George built.[5]
16th to 18th centuries
- 1502 - St. Mary's Church completed.[3]
- 1514 - Trinity Church built.[4]
- 1520 - During the Polish-Teutonic War, the Landsknecht coordinated an attack on Gdańsk.
- 1525 - The Gdańsk Tumult - Lutherans organise a revolt against mayor Eberhard Ferber.
- 1526
- January - The council is overthrown by the revolt.
- April - King Sigismund I enters the city with eight thousand men, executing the rebels and asserting his power over the region.
- 1537 - Franz Rhode sets up printing press.
- 1557 - Sigismund II grants Protestants equal rights.
- 1558 - Academic Gymnasium established.
- 1561 - Main Town Hall tower built,[4] with a gilded statue of Polish King Sigismund II Augustus placed at its top.[12]
- 1568 - Green Gate built.
- 1569
- City becomes part of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
- Mennonite Church founded.
- 1575 - Danzig rebellion begins.
- 1577
- April 17: Battle of Lubieszów.
- Siege of Danzig by Stephen Báthory of Poland.
- 1588 - Highland Gate erected.[4]
- 1594 - Oliwa Cathedral consecrated.
- 1596 - Bibliotheca Senatus Gedanensis established.[13]
- 1605 - Arsenal built at the Coal Market Square.[4]
- 1606 - Der Lachs distillery in business.
- 1614 - Golden Gate built.
- 1621 - Jesuit College established in the present-day neighbourhood of Stare Szkoty.
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Battle of Oliwa (1627)
- 1627 - Battle of Oliwa during the Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629), won by Poland.
- 1633 - Neptune's Fountain installed at the Long Market.[5]
- 1640 - Jan Heweliusz established his astronomical observatory in the Old Town.
- 1655 - Deluge (Swedish invasion of Poland): Siege of Danzig (1655–1660) begins.
- 1660 - Treaty of Oliva signed.
- 1681 - Royal Chapel of the Polish King John III Sobieski built.
- 1703–1711 - Large scale arms smuggling for Hungarian insurgents during the Rákóczi's War of Independence against Austria.
- 1709 - Bubonic plague.
- 1711–1712 - Stay of Hungarian national hero Francis II Rákóczi in the city following the Rákóczi's War of Independence.
- 1734 - Siege of Danzig by Russians during the War of the Polish Succession.
- 1742
- Experimental Physics Society organized.
- Corn exchange opens in Artus Court.[5]
- 1756 - Abbot's Palace expanded.
- 1772 - After the First Partition of Poland the city became separated from the rest of Poland,[3] it remained a Polish exclave.
- 1793
- Second Partition of Poland - city annexed by Prussia.[3]
- Municipal Library established.[13]
- 1797 - Attempt of student uprising against Prussia, crushed quickly by the Prussian authorities.[14]
19th century
Siege by French-Polish-Italian-Saxon forces in 1807
- 1807
- March 19-May 24: Siege of Danzig by French[3]-Polish-Italian-Saxon-Baden forces.
- September 9: Free City of Danzig established by Napoleon.
- 1813 - January–December 29: Siege of Danzig by Russian and Prussian forces.
- 1814 - City becomes part of Prussia again.[3]
- 1815 - City becomes administrative capital of Danzig (region).
- 1831
- October 18–19: 2nd and 4th Polish Cavalry Brigades of the November Uprising stopped near the city on their way to their final internment places.[15]
- November 10: Several further cavalry units of the 1st and 2nd Polish Cavalry Brigades stopped near the city on their way to their final internment places.[16]
- 1832
- May: 52 Polish insurgents depart partitioned Poland on ship to Bordeaux, France (see Great Emigration).[17]
- 23 June: Over 450 Polish insurgents depart partitioned Poland on ship to Bordeaux, France.[18][19]
- Summer: Polish insurgents imprisoned by the Prussians at Biskupia Górka.[20]
- Trade academy established.[21]
- 1833, November - Over 500 Polish insurgents depart partitioned Poland on ships to France, the United Kingdom and the United States.[22]
- 1852 - Königliche Werft Danzig in business.
- 1871
- City becomes part of German Empire.
- Franciscan monastery building restored.[3]
- 1880 - Westpreussische Provinzial-Museum opens.[23]
- 1885 - Population: 114,805.[3]
- 1887 - Great Synagogue built.[24]
- 1896 - Old fortifications dismantled in north and west of city.[3]
- 1899 - Harbor built at Neufahrwasser (Nowy Port).[3]
- 1900 - Main railway station opens.
Photochrome print from around 1900
20th century
1900–1939
- 1901
- 1903 - Fußball Club Danzig formed.
- 1904 - Königliche Technische Hochschule founded.
- 1905 - Population: 159,088.[3]
- 1918 - City becomes part of Weimar Germany.
- 1919 - Free City of Danzig created by Treaty of Versailles.
Aerial photo from circa 1920, showing St. Mary's Church
- 1920
- Polish Post Office and Sportverein Schutzpolizei Danzig established.
- Volkstag (parliament) becomes active.
- 1921 - Danziger Werft in business.
- 1922 - Gedania Danzig football club formed.
- 1927 - MOSiR Stadium built.
- 1937
- Mass anti-Polish discrimination by Germans: employing Poles by German companies prohibited, already employed Poles fired.[26]
- October: Pogrom against Jews by the Germans.
- 1938, May 3: Over 100 German attacks on Polish homes on the day of the Polish 3 May Constitution Day.[26]
- 1939
- March: Ban and mass requisition of Polish press.[26]
- SS Heimwehr Danzig and SS Wachsturmbann "Eimann" units of the SS established by the Germans.
World War II (1939–1945)
German battleship SMS Schleswig-Holstein firing at the Polish Military Transit Depot during the battle of Westerplatte in September 1939
- 1939
- September 1: Battle of the Danzig Bay; Defense of the Polish Post Office in Danzig.
- September 1–7: Battle of Westerplatte.
- September: The Germans established a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp in the present-day neighborhood of Maćkowy.[27]
- October 5: The Germans executed 39 Polish defenders of the Polish Post Office in the present-day district of Zaspa.[28]
- October 8: City occupied by Nazi Germany; city becomes capital of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia.
- October: The Germans established a Nazi camp for Romani people.[29]
- 1940
- The Germans established a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag XX-A prisoner-of-war camp in Biskupia Górka, initially for Polish POWs, and later mostly for French POWs.[30]
- Subcamp of the Stalag XX-A POW camp redesignated as a subcamp of the Stalag XX-B POW camp.[30]
- The Germans established two subcamps of the Stutthof concentration camp in Westerplatte and Suchanino.[31]
- The Germans established a subcamp of the Stalag XX-B POW camp for Allied POWs in VII Dwór.[32]
- 1941
- Lufttwaffensportverein Danzig formed.
- The subcamps of the Stutthof concentration camp in Maćkowy and Westerplatte were dissolved.[33]
- 1943–1944 - The local Polish resistance movement facilitated escapes of endangered Polish resistance members and British prisoners of war who fled from German POW camps via the city's port to neutral Sweden.[34]
- 1944
- August 26: The Germans established a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp at the main shipyard.[35]
- August 27: AGSSt 32 and 33 assembly centers for Allied POWs (AGSSt 32 and 33) established in the city by the Germans (later relocated).[36]
- September 13: The Germans established a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp at the Schichau shipyard.[37]
- October 16: The Germans established a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp on the Ostrów Island.[38]
- 1945
- February: Most prisoners of the Schichau subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp were evacuated towards Lębork, while some were sent back to Stutthof main camp; subcamp dissolved.[37]
- March: The subcamps of the Stutthof concentration camp at the main shipyard and Ostrów Island were dissolved.[39]
- March 27–30: City taken by forces of Soviet Union.
- Gdańsk becomes part of Republic of Poland.
1945–1990s
- 1945
- City becomes capital of Gdańsk Voivodeship.
- Franciszek Kotus-Jankowski becomes mayor.
- Gdańsk Shipyard, Akademia Lekarska, Baltia Gdańsk (Lechia Gdańsk) and Stoczniowiec Gdańsk football clubs, Gdańsk Symphony Orchestra, and Academy of Fine Arts established.
- 1945-1946 Expulsion of the city's German-speaking majority in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement.
- 1946
- August 28: Execution of Danuta Siedzikówna and Feliks Selmanowicz, members of the Polish resistance movement in World War II and the anti-communist resistance movement, Polish national heroes, by the communists.[40][41]
- October 1: Gdańsk College of Education established.
- 1949 - Four transports of Greeks and Macedonians, refugees of the Greek Civil War, arrived at the port of Gdańsk, from where they were transported to new homes in Poland.[42]
- 1951 - Wybrzeże Gdańsk handball team established.
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Długi Targ and Main Town Hall in the 1950s
- 1952
- Gdańsk Zaspa, Gdańsk Przymorze-Uniwersytet and Gdańsk Politechnika railway stations opened.
- City becomes part of Polish People's Republic.
- 1953
- Baltic State Opera and Philharmonic formed.
- Stoczniowiec Gdańsk ice hockey team established.
- 1956
- 1 May: Lechia Gdańsk rugby union team established.
- Manifestation of support for the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Mass raising of funds, medical supplies and blood donation for Hungarian insurgents.[43]
- 1957 - Wybrzeże Gdańsk motorcycle speedway team established.
- 1960 - Lechia Gdańsk wins its first Polish rugby championship.
- 1962 - National Maritime Museum established.
- 1963 - Gdańsk hosts the 1963 World Fencing Championships.
- 1965 - Abbot's Palace rebuilt.
- 1966
- Wybrzeże Gdańsk wins its first Polish handball championship.
- Westerplatte Monument unveiled.
- 1970
- University of Gdańsk established.
- Gdańsk Power Station commissioned.
- Hala Olivia arena opens.
- 1972 - National Museum, Gdańsk established.
- 1974
- 1975 - Gdańsk Żabianka railway station opened.
- 1977 - Monument of Polish poet Maria Konopnicka unveiled.[45]
- 1979
- Museum of the Polish Post (Muzeum Poczty Polskiej) established at the site of the 1939 defence of the Polish Post Office.
- Defenders of the Polish Post Office Monument unveiled.
- 1980
- Summer: Shipbuilders strike.
- August 31: Solidarity (Polish trade union) founded; Gdańsk Agreement signed.
- Monument to the Fallen Shipyard Workers of 1970 unveiled.
- 1982 - August 31: Anti-government demonstration.
- 1985 - SS Soldek museum opens.
- 1989 - City becomes part of Republic of Poland.
Old Town with the Gdańsk Shipyard in the background in the 1990s
- 1991 - Franciszek Jamroż becomes mayor.
- 1993 - Gdańsk Shakespeare Days begin.
- 1994
- May: Gdańsk hosts the 1994 European Judo Championships.
- July: Tomasz Posadzki becomes mayor.
- 1996 - International Festival of Street & Open-Air Theatres begins (approximate date).[46]
- 1997 - Gdańsk hosts the 1997 European Fencing Championships.
- 1998
- Paweł Adamowicz becomes mayor.
- Łaźnia Centre for Contemporary Art founded.
- 1999
- Gdańsk becomes capital of Pomeranian Voivodeship.
- Solidarity Centre Foundation established.
21st century
- 2001
- Wybrzeże Gdańsk wins its tenth Polish handball championship.
- Third Millennium John Paul II Bridge opens.
- 2002
- The Monument Cemetery of the Lost Cemeteries installed.
- Lechia Gdańsk wins its tenth Polish rugby championship.
- 2004 - May 1: Poland becomes part of European Union.
- 2005 - Trefl Gdańsk volleyball team established.
- 2007
- Deepwater Container Terminal Gdańsk launched.
- Tricity Charter signed.
- 2009 - Gdańsk co-hosts the EuroBasket 2009.
- 2010
- Ergo Arena opens.
- Population: 455,830.
- 2011
- Baltic Arena opens.
- October: Gdańsk hosts the 2011 European Table Tennis Championships.
- 2012 - Gdańsk co-hosts the UEFA Euro 2012.
- 2013 - Gdańsk co-hosts the 2013 Men's European Volleyball Championship.
- 2014
- August: European Solidarity Centre opens.[47]
- September: Gdańsk co-hosts the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship.
- September: Gdańsk Shakespeare Theatre opens.[48]
- 2015
- April 1: Gdańsk Śródmieście railway station opened.
- August 30: Monument of Danuta Siedzikówna unveiled in the Orunia district.[41]
- December: Honorary Consulate of Bulgaria opened.[49]
Ulica Długa in 2015
- 2016
- January: Gdańsk co-hosts the 2016 European Men's Handball Championship.
- August 28: State burial of Polish national heroes Danuta Siedzikówna and Feliks Selmanowicz in the 70th anniversary of their execution.[50]
- 2017
- March: Museum of the Second World War opened.
- Gdańsk co-hosts the 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship.
- 2018 - Cursed soldiers monument unveiled.[51]
- 2019
- 10 May: Monument to the victims of the Ponary massacre unveiled.[52]
- 17 September: Witold Pilecki monument unveiled.[53]
- 2020
- 2021 - Gdańsk co-hosts the 2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship.
See also
- History of Gdańsk
- List of mayors of Danzig, 1308 to 1945
- List of mayors of Gdańsk, pre-1308 and post-1945
- List of Gdańsk aristocratic families
- Category:Timelines of cities in Poland (in Polish)
References
- Kazimierz Małkowski, Stanisław Podgórczyk, Przewodnik po Trójmieście: Gdańsk – Sopot – Gdynia. Wyd. drugie poprawione i uzupełnione, Gdańsk, Wydawnictwo Morskie, 1979, p. 146 (in Polish)
- Kodeks Dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski Vol. II, No. 726, 739
- Britannica 1910.
- "Dantsic", Northern Germany (5th ed.), Coblenz: Karl Baedeker, 1873, OCLC 5947482, OL 6935820M
- Baedeker 1910.
- Marian Biskup, Historia Gdańska t. I, p. 479–481 (in Polish)
- "Kalendarz dat: 1454". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- Górski 1949, pp. 51, 56.
- Górski 1949, p. 63.
- Górski 1949, pp. 79–80.
- "Kalendarz dat: 1458". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- "Ratusz Głównego Miasta". Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Gdańska (in Polish). Archived from the original on 14 March 2016.
- "Historia" (in Polish). Wojewódzka i Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna w Gdansku. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
- Edmund Cieślak, Czesław Biernat, Dzieje Gdańska, Wydawn. Morskie, 1969, p. 370 (in Polish)
- Kasparek, Norbert (2014). "Żołnierze polscy w Prusach po upadku powstania listopadowego. Powroty do kraju i wyjazdy na emigrację". In Katafiasz, Tomasz (ed.). Na tułaczym szlaku... Powstańcy Listopadowi na Pomorzu (in Polish). Koszalin: Muzeum w Koszalinie, Archiwum Państwowe w Koszalinie. p. 138.
- Kasparek, p. 140
- Kasparek, p. 176
- Kasparek, p. 175
- "Rozmaite wiadomości". Gazeta Wielkiego Xięstwa Poznańskiego (in Polish). No. 155. Poznań. 6 July 1832. p. 852.
- Kasparek, p. 177
- Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus (1865), "Danzig", Allgemeine Deutsche Real-Encyklopädie für die Gebildeten Stände (in German) (11th ed.), Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus
- Kasparek, pp. 178–179
- H. Conwentz (1905), Das Westpreussische Provinzial-Museum, 1880-1905 (in German), Danzig, OL 14002883M
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Gdansk". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on 2014-12-02.
- "Dzieje Archiwum Panstwowego w Gdansku" (in Polish). Archiwum Panstwowe w Gdansku. Archived from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
- Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 42.
- Gliński, Mirosław. "Podobozy i większe komanda zewnętrzne obozu Stutthof (1939–1945)". Stutthof. Zeszyty Muzeum (in Polish). 3: 165. ISSN 0137-5377.
- Wardzyńska, p. 86
- "Zigeunerlager Danzig". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- Daniluk, Jan. "Stalag XX B Marienburg: geneza i znaczenie obozu jenieckiego w Malborku-Wielbarku w latach II wojny światowej". In Grudziecka, Beata (ed.). Stalag XX B: historia nieopowiedziana (in Polish). Malbork: Muzeum Miasta Malborka. p. 8. ISBN 978-83-950992-2-9.
- Gliński, p. 167–168
- Daniluk, pp. 8–9
- Gliński, p. 166, 168
- Chrzanowski, Bogdan. "Organizacja sieci przerzutów drogą morską z Polski do Szwecji w latach okupacji hitlerowskiej (1939–1945)". Stutthof. Zeszyty Muzeum (in Polish). 5: 30, 33–34. ISSN 0137-5377.
- Gliński, p. 175
- Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- Gliński, p. 176
- Gliński, p. 179
- Gliński, p. 175, 179
- Piotr Czartoryski-Sziler. "You have waited a long time, Poland". Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- "Inka Monument". Europe Remembers. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- Kubasiewicz, Izabela (2013). "Emigranci z Grecji w Polsce Ludowej. Wybrane aspekty z życia mniejszości". In Dworaczek, Kamil; Kamiński, Łukasz (eds.). Letnia Szkoła Historii Najnowszej 2012. Referaty (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 114.
- "Na Politechnice Gdańskiej odsłonięto tablicę w hołdzie gdańszczanom popierającym Węgrów w 1956 roku. Wojewoda pomorski: "Będzie studentom przypominała o historii i walce o niepodległość"". Radio Gdańsk (in Polish). 26 October 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Marek Adamkowicz. "Gdańsk. Pomnik Marii Konopnickiej na razie zostanie na skwerze". Dziennik Bałtycki. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- "FETA". Gdańsk. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
- "W Gdańsku otwarto Europejskie Centrum Solidarności" (in Polish). Onet.pl. 31 August 2014. Archived from the original on 13 December 2015.
- Gentle, Peter (20 September 2014). "Bomb scare disrupts Gdansk Shakespeare theatre opening". thenews.pl. Polish Radio External Service.
- "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Bułgarii w Gdańsku". Pomorski Urząd Wojewódzki w Gdańsku (in Polish). 14 December 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- "Grave of Danuta Siedzikówna, alias 'Inka'". Liberation Route.com. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
- "W Gdańsku odsłonięto Pomnik Żołnierzy Wyklętych". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). 10 May 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- "Ku pamięci Polaków zamordowanych w Ponarach pod Wilnem. Uroczystości na Cmentarzu Łostowickim". gdansk.pl (in Polish). 10 May 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- "Odsłonięcie pomnika rotmistrza Pileckiego w Gdańsku". gdansk.gosc.pl (in Polish). 17 September 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- "Ołtarz Pietas Domini po 78 latach wrócił do Polski". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- "Otwarcie Konsulata Generalnego Węgier w Gdańsku". Konsulat Generalny Węgier w Gdańsku (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
Bibliography
In English
- Thomas Bartlett (1841). "Dantzic". New Tablet of Memory; or, Chronicle of Remarkable Events. London: Thomas Kelly.
- "Danzig", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 4, New York, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752912
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Danzig", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 824–825.
- Szymon Askenazy (1921), Dantzig & Poland, London: G. Allen & Unwin, Ltd., OCLC 2181707, OL 6638482M
- "Historic Danzig: Last of the City-States", National Geographic Magazine, Washington DC, vol. 76, 1939
- "Poland: Gdansk", Eastern and Central Europe (17th ed.), Fodor's, 1996, OL 7697674M
- George Lerski (1996). "Gdansk". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-03456-5.
- Piotr Wróbel (1998). "Gdansk". Historical Dictionary of Poland 1945-1996. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-135-92694-6.
In other languages
- Johannes Bolte (1895), Das Danziger Theater im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert [Danzig Theatre in the 16th and 17th Centuries] (in German), Hamburg: L. Voss, OL 23292860M
- Max Foltz (1912), Geschichte des Danziger Stadthaushalts [History of the Danzig City Budget] (in German), Danzig: A.W. Kafemann, OCLC 12495569, OL 6557575M
- P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Danzig". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni.
- Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Danzig". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 275+. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gdańsk.
- Links to fulltext city directories for Gdansk via Wikisource
- Europeana. Items related to Gdansk, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Gdansk, various dates
- "Danzig Collection". New York: Jewish Museum. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15.
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