Demographics of Togo

The demographics of Togo include ethnicity, population density, age, education level, health, economic status and religious affiliations.

Demographics of Togo
Population pyramid of Togo in 2020
Population8,049,233 (2022 est.)
Growth rate2.48% (2022 est.)
Birth rate31.86 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate5.27 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy71.36 years
 • male68.76 years
 • female74.03 years
Fertility rate4.23 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate41.19 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-1.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years39.73%
65 and over3.57%
Nationality
NationalityTogolese
Language
OfficialFrench

Language and ethnicity

Togo's population of 8.64 million people (2021 est.) is composed of about 21 ethnic groups, the two biggest being the Tèm in the Centre (Bafilo, Sokodé, Sotouboua (about 22% of the population); they also live in Ghana and Bénin in big numbers. Tèms have a lot ties with 2/3 of the country as they live in the center of Togo. They exercise diversely almost all occupations from farmers, motors mechanic to business people] and Ewe in the South (about 21% of the population)). Dagomba is the first most common language in the north, where other Gur languages such as Mossi and Gourma are also found.

The ethnic groups of the coastal region, particularly Ewe and Gen language (or Mina) (the two major African languages in the south), constitute the bulk of the civil servants, professionals, and merchants, due in part to the former colonial administrations which provided greater infrastructure development in the south. Most of the southern peoples use these two closely related languages, which are spoken in commercial sectors throughout Togo.

The Kabye live on marginal land and traditionally have emigrated south from their home area in the Kara region to seek employment. Their historical means of social advancement has been through the military and law enforcement forces, and they continue to dominate these services.

Other groups include the Akposso on the Central Plateau, the Ana people who are related to the Yoruba, and live in the center of the country, in the strip between Atakpame and Tchamba, the Bassar in the Centre-West, the Tchamba in the Centre-East and the Konkombas in the upper region of Bassar, the Lambas in the Kandé region, the Hausa, the Tamberma, the Losso and the Ouachi.

Indians have a presence in Togo. White African settlers descended from the original French and German colonials make up less than 1% of the total population along with Togo's minute Lebanese community. The remaining 99% are indigenous: most people in this category hail from one of thirty-seven different tribes.

Population

Population distribution is very uneven due to soil and terrain variations. The population is generally concentrated in the south and along the major north-south highway connecting the coast to the Sahel. Age distribution is also uneven; nearly one-half of Togolese are less than fifteen years old.

French, the official language, is used in administration and documentation. The public primary schools combine French with Ewe or Kabye as languages of instruction, depending on the region. English is spoken in neighboring Ghana and is taught in Togolese secondary schools. As a result, many Togolese, especially in the south and along the Ghana border, speak some English.

Demographics of Togo ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.
Population census results[1]
Census date Population Average annual
growth (%)		 Population
density/km2		 Proportion
urban (%)
1-11-19581,444,481.259.4
1-3-19701,950,6462.73421.2
22-11-19812,719,5672.94825.2
6-11-20106,191,1552.910937.7

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[2][3] the total population was 8,644,829 in 2021, compared to only 1 395 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 39.6%, 56.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.4% was 65 years or older .[4]

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 1 395 00041.354.44.3
1955 1 475 00041.954.13.9
1960 1 578 00042.653.83.6
1965 1 700 00043.653.13.3
1970 2 097 00044.852.13.1
1975 2 380 00045.951.13.1
1980 2 667 00046.650.33.1
1985 3 161 00046.750.23.1
1990 3 666 00046.050.93.1
1995 4 085 00044.852.13.1
2000 4 794 00043.253.63.1
2005 5 408 00041.555.23.3
2010 6 028 00039.656.93.4

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 06.XI.2010): [5]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 3 009 095 3 182 060 6 191 155 100
0–4 456 524 444 747 901 271 14.56
5–9 482 501 469 199 951 700 15.37
10–14 390 477 357 249 747 726 12.08
15–19 313 257 293 144 606 401 9.79
20–24 252 807 292 438 545 245 8.81
25–29 214 803 282 019 496 822 8.02
30–34 199 636 224 744 424 380 6.85
35–39 166 528 185 480 352 008 5.69
40–44 139 731 151 853 291 584 4.71
45–49 112 191 116 255 228 446 3.69
50–54 82 969 95 264 178 233 2.88
55–59 54 936 61 014 115 950 1.87
60–64 44 431 58 263 102 694 1.66
65-69 26 700 39 624 66 324 1.07
70-74 24 127 37 629 61 756 1.00
75-79 13 250 20 324 33 574 0.54
80+ 27 960 45 631 73 591 1.19
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 1 329 502 1 271 195 2 600 697 42.01
15–64 1 581 289 1 760 474 3 341 763 53.98
65+ 92 037 143 208 235 245 3.80
Unknown 6 267 7 183 13 450 0.22

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (Estimates 01.VII.2020) (Post-censal estimates.): [6]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 3 805 683 3 990 457 7 796 140 100
0–4 554 653 546 731 1 101 384 14.13
5–9 492 306 493 409 985 715 12.64
10–14 448 624 446 196 894 820 11.48
15–19 466 008 454 136 920 144 11.80
20–24 371 183 342 666 713 848 9.16
25–29 298 580 294 682 593 262 7.61
30–34 238 519 288 749 527 267 6.76
35–39 209 365 274 289 483 654 6.20
40–44 183 861 207 689 391 550 5.02
45–49 148 891 169 758 318 648 4.09
50–54 119 249 131 375 250 624 3.21
55–59 91 263 100 293 191 556 2.46
60–64 59 540 71 641 131 181 1.68
65-69 49 132 59 692 108 823 1.40
70-74 33 591 45 314 78 905 1.01
75-79 20 494 30 733 51 226 0.66
80+ 20 429 33 108 53 536 0.69
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 1 495 583 1 486 336 2 981 919 38.25
15–64 2 186 454 2 335 274 4 521 728 58.00
65+ 123 646 168 847 292 493 3.75

≠

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Togo not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. Population estimates account for under numeration in population census.

Population
(thousands)		 Live births
(thousands)		 Deaths
(thousands)		 Natural change
(thousands)		 CBR[lower-roman 1] CDR[lower-roman 1] NC[lower-roman 1] TFR[lower-roman 1] IMR[lower-roman 1] Life expectancy
(years)
1950 1 399   66   35   31 47.2 24.8 22.4 6.51 157.9 40.92
1951   1 421   68   35   32 47.3 24.7 22.7 6.54 157.1 41.01
1952   1 445   69   35   33 47.4 24.5 22.9 6.55 156.3 41.17
1953   1 469   70   36   34 47.3 24.2 23.1 6.57 155.4 41.36
1954   1 494   71   36   35 47.2 24.0 23.2 6.57 154.5 41.45
1955   1 519   72   36   35 47.1 23.8 23.3 6.57 153.7 41.56
1956   1 544   73   36   37 47.1 23.5 23.6 6.59 152.7 41.80
1957   1 571   74   37   38 47.1 23.3 23.9 6.61 151.7 41.97
1958   1 597   75   37   39 47.1 23.0 24.1 6.63 150.6 42.16
1959   1 624   77   37   40 47.2 22.7 24.5 6.68 149.5 42.45
1960   1 651   78   37   41 47.2 22.4 24.8 6.72 148.3 42.69
1961   1 679   80   37   42 47.4 22.2 25.2 6.75 147.0 42.88
1962   1 707   82   38   44 47.6 22.0 25.7 6.80 145.7 43.15
1963   1 737   83   38   46 47.9 21.7 26.1 6.85 144.3 43.37
1964   1 773   85   38   47 47.9 21.4 26.4 6.87 142.8 43.70
1965   1 820   87   39   49 47.9 21.2 26.8 6.90 141.2 43.97
1966   1 882   90   39   51 48.0 20.8 27.2 6.94 139.4 44.37
1967   1 957   93   40   53 47.9 20.4 27.5 6.96 137.5 44.82
1968   2 039   97   41   56 47.8 20.0 27.8 6.98 135.6 45.28
1969   2 120   101   42   60 48.0 19.7 28.3 7.04 133.5 45.67
1970   2 197   105   42   63 47.9 19.3 28.6 7.07 131.3 46.12
1971   2 267   109   43   66 47.9 18.9 29.0 7.10 129.1 46.59
1972   2 331   112   43   69 47.9 18.5 29.3 7.12 126.8 47.09
1973   2 391   115   43   71 47.8 18.1 29.7 7.13 124.4 47.60
1974   2 450   117   44   74 47.7 17.7 30.0 7.15 122.1 48.10
1975   2 510   120   43   76 47.6 17.2 30.4 7.15 119.8 48.73
1976   2 570   123   43   79 47.5 16.8 30.7 7.14 117.4 49.33
1977   2 631   125   43   81 47.2 16.4 30.8 7.11 115.1 49.76
1978   2 693   127   43   83 46.9 16.1 30.8 7.06 112.8 50.23
1979   2 761   128   43   85 46.4 15.6 30.7 7.00 110.5 50.77
1980   2 838   130   43   87 45.9 15.3 30.7 6.94 108.4 51.23
1981   2 926   133   43   90 45.6 14.9 30.7 6.87 106.2 51.76
1982   3 023   136   44   92 45.1 14.5 30.6 6.77 104.2 52.26
1983   3 127   139   44   95 44.7 14.2 30.5 6.70 102.3 52.64
1984   3 232   143   45   98 44.3 13.8 30.5 6.62 100.4 53.09
1985   3 337   146   45   101 43.8 13.5 30.3 6.54 98.7 53.43
1986   3 439   150   46   104 43.5 13.3 30.2 6.46 97.1 53.71
1987   3 545   153   46   107 43.2 13.1 30.1 6.39 95.7 54.05
1988   3 653   156   47   109 42.8 12.9 29.9 6.30 94.4 54.35
1989   3 764   159   48   111 42.3 12.8 29.5 6.22 93.2 54.39
1990   3 876   163   49   113 41.9 12.7 29.2 6.13 92.1 54.37
1991   3 990   166   51   115 41.6 12.7 28.9 6.05 91.1 54.27
1992   4 106   169   52   117 41.1 12.6 28.5 5.95 90.0 54.30
1993   4 078   172   53   119 40.7 12.6 28.1 5.85 88.9 54.20
1994   4 093   163   51   112 40.3 12.6 27.7 5.75 87.7 54.04
1995   4 280   169   53   116 39.7 12.5 27.2 5.65 86.3 54.04
1996   4 446   174   55   119 39.3 12.4 26.8 5.54 84.7 54.10
1997   4 593   178   56   122 38.8 12.3 26.5 5.44 83.0 54.19
1998   4 728   183   58   125 38.8 12.3 26.6 5.38 81.4 54.20
1999   4 868   189   59   130 38.8 12.0 26.8 5.34 79.4 54.54
2000   5 008   194   60   134 38.7 11.9 26.8 5.27 77.5 54.74
2001   5 145   198   61   138 38.6 11.8 26.8 5.23 75.6 54.86
2002   5 282   203   61   142 38.4 11.5 26.9 5.19 73.6 55.31
2003   5 421   207   61   146 38.2 11.3 26.8 5.15 71.8 55.64
2004   5 565   210   63   147 37.7 11.3 26.4 5.08 69.9 55.57
2005   5 712   215   63   152 37.6 11.1 26.5 5.07 68.2 55.96
2006   5 874   221   64   156 37.6 10.9 26.7 5.08 66.5 56.22
2007   6 048   229   65   164 37.8 10.8 27.0 5.09 64.9 56.51
2008   6 222   233   66   167 37.6 10.7 26.9 5.05 63.3 56.70
2009   6 399   240   67   173 37.5 10.5 27.0 5.03 61.7 57.01
2010   6 572   246   68   178 37.4 10.3 27.0 5.01 60.2 57.30
2011   6 749   247   67   180 36.6 10.0 26.7 4.92 58.6 57.93
2012   6 927   248   68   180 35.8 9.9 26.0 4.81 57.0 58.07
2013   7 106   251   68   183 35.3 9.5 25.8 4.72 55.4 58.68
2014   7 288   254   69   185 34.8 9.4 25.4 4.66 53.9 58.85
2015   7 473   257   69   189 34.4 9.2 25.2 4.59 52.4 59.40
2016   7 661   261   70   192 34.1 9.1 25.0 4.56 51.0 59.55
2017   7 853   264   69   195 33.7 8.8 24.9 4.50 49.6 60.15
2018   8 047   267   71   197 33.2 8.8 24.4 4.44 48.2 60.24
2019   8 243   270   70   200 32.8 8.5 24.3 4.39 46.8 60.90
2020   8 443   273   71   202 32.3 8.4 23.9 4.32 45.5 61.04
2021   8 645   275   71   205 31.9 8.2 23.7 4.26 44.2 61.62
  1. CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022[7]

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[8][9][10]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1998 35,5 5,2 (4,2) 27,7 3,2 (2,6) 38,6 6,3 (5,2)
2013 32,9 4,8 (4,1) 32,2 3,7 (3,1) 33,2 5,7 (4,9)
2017 31.6 4.4 28.9 3.3 33.1 5.2

Fertility data as of 2013-2014 and 2017 (DHS Program):[11][10]

Region Total fertility rate
(2013/14)		 Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49 Total fertility rate
(2017)
Lomé3.56.23.7 3.1
Maritime (except Lomé)5.29.55.1 4.2
Plateaux5.210.65.4 4.9
Centrale5.17.25.7 5.3
Kara5.39.76.1 5.1
Savanes6.09.37.3 5.7

Life expectancy at birth
Period Life expectancy in
Years[12]
1950–1955 35.30
1955–1960 Increase 38.66
1960–1965 Increase 41.89
1965–1970 Increase 45.02
1970–1975 Increase 48.07
1975–1980 Increase 50.93
1980–1985 Increase 53.58
1985–1990 Increase 55.41
1990–1995 Increase 55.78
1995–2000 Decrease 53.71
2000–2005 Increase 53.88
2005–2010 Increase 55.80
2010–2015 Increase 59.07

Other demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics of Togo in 2022 are from the World Population Review.[13]

  • One birth every 2 minutes
  • One death every 8 minutes
  • One net migrant every 288 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 3 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[14]

Population
8,492,333 (2022 est.)
8,176,449 (July 2018 est.)

Religions

Christian 42.3%, folk religion 36.9%, Muslim 14%, Hindu <1%, Buddhist <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, none 6.2% (2020 est.)

Age structure
Population pyramid of Togo in 2020
0-14 years: 39.73% (male 1,716,667/female 1,703,230)
15-24 years: 19.03% (male 817,093/female 820,971)
25-54 years: 33.26% (male 1,423,554/female 1,439,380)
55-64 years: 4.42% (male 179,779/female 200,392)
65 years and over: 3.57% (2020 est.) (male 132,304/female 175,074)
0-14 years: 40.13% (male 1,646,438 /female 1,634,609)
15-24 years: 19.1% (male 779,774 /female 782,192)
25-54 years: 32.96% (male 1,339,150 /female 1,356,020)
55-64 years: 4.34% (male 167,575 /female 187,432)
65 years and over: 3.46% (male 122,175 /female 161,084) (2018 est.)

Birth rate
31.86 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 25th
32.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 30th

Death rate
5.27 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 188th
6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 135th

Total fertility rate
Population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate, United Nations estimates
4.23 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 25th
4.32 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 26th

Population growth rate
2.48% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 24th
2.61% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 18th

Median age

total: 20 years. Country comparison to the world: 196th male: 19.7 years female: 20.3 years (2020 est.)

total: 19.9 years. Country comparison to the world: 196th
male: 19.6 years
female: 20.1 years (2018 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth
25 years (2017 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29
21 years (2013/14 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Contraceptive prevalence rate
23.9% (2017)
19.9% (2013/14)

Demographic profile

Togo’s population is estimated to have grown to four times its size between 1960 and 2010. With nearly 60% of its populace under the age of 25 and a high annual growth rate attributed largely to high fertility, Togo’s population is likely to continue to expand for the foreseeable future. Reducing fertility, boosting job creation, and improving education will be essential to reducing the country’s high poverty rate. In 2008, Togo eliminated primary school enrollment fees, leading to higher enrollment but increased pressure on limited classroom space, teachers, and materials. Togo has a good chance of achieving universal primary education, but educational quality, the underrepresentation of girls, and the low rate of enrollment in secondary and tertiary schools remain concerns.[14]

Population distribution

one of the more densely populated African nations with most of the population residing in rural communities, density is highest in the south on or near the Atlantic coast.[14]

Net migration rate
-1.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 167th
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 99th

Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 81.2 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 76.2 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 5.1 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 19.8 (2015 est.)

Urbanization
urban population: 43.9% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 3.6% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 41.7% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 3.76% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 71.36 years. Country comparison to the world: 166th male: 68.76 years female: 74.03 years (2022 est.)

total population: 65.8 years
male: 63.1 years
female: 68.6 years (2018 est.)
total population: 54.69 years
male: 52.75 years
female: 56.7 years (2000 est.)

Major infectious diseases
degree of risk: very high (2020)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever
water contact diseases: schistosomiasis
animal contact diseases: rabies
respiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis

Ethnic groups

African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Tém in the centre and Kabyè in the north; and Ewé, Mina in the south) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%

HIV Prevalence

Adult infection rate 2.1% (2017 est.)

People living with HIV/Aids 110,000 (2017 est.)

Death rate 4,700 (2017 est.)

Education expenditures
5% of GDP (2019) Country comparison to the world: 65th

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 66.5%
male: 80%
female: 55.1% (2019)
total population: 63.7%
male: 77.3%
female: 51.2% (2015 est.)
'total population: 51.7%
male: 67%
female: 37% (1995 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years
male: 14 years
female: 12 years (2017)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 9.5%
male: 12.3%
female: 7.4% (2017 est.)

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Togo.
  1. "INSEED - Statistique Togo". Stat-togo.org. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  2. "World Population Prospects 2022". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  3. "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX). population.un.org ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  4. "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Archived from the original on 6 May 2011. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  5. "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  6. "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  7. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2022). "World Population Prospects 2022 Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XLS (91MB)). United Nations Population Division. 27 (Online ed.). New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. rows 6125:6196, cols M,X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI. Archived from the original on 2022-08-09.
  8. "TROISIÈME ENQUÊTE DÉMOGRAPHIQUE ET DE SANTÉ (EDST-III 2013-2014)" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  9. "1998 Census" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  10. "The DHS Program - Togo". dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 2019-12-17.
  11. "TROISIÈME ENQUÊTE DÉMOGRAPHIQUE ET DE SANTÉ (EDST-III 2013-2014)" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  12. "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  13. "Togo Population 2022", World Population Review, 2022
  14. "Togo", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2023-01-27, retrieved 2023-02-06 Public domain This article incorporates public domain material from this U.S government document.
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