Torpedosporales

The Torpedosporales are an order of marine based fungi in the class Sordariomycetes, subclass Hypocreomycetidae.[2][3] Most are found on wood substrates in the water.[4]

Torpedosporales
Elbamycella rosea gen. et sp. nov. (Juncigenaceae, Torpedosporales)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Subclass: Hypocreomycetidae
Order: Torpedosporales
E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L. Pang [1]
Families

(with amount of genera)

History

In an attempt to clarify the phylogeny of the genera, Swampomyces Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. and Torpedospora Meyers, Sakayaroj et al. (2005) recognised a distinct lineage of marine Ascomycota within the class Sordariomycetes,[5] that was then named TBM (Torpedospora/Bertia/Melanospora) clade (Schoch et al. 2007).[6] Following a re-evaluation of the marine fungi affiliated to the TBM clade, together with the terrestrial genus Falcocladium, new families were introduced to accommodate its four subclades: Juncigenaceae, Etheirophoraceae, Falcocladiaceae, and Torpedosporaceae, which all formerly belonged to the order Torpedosporales (Jones et al. 2014;[7] Abdel-Wahab et al. 2018).[8] Based on phylogeny and morphological data, Maharachchikumbura et al. in 2015 introduced the order Falcocladiales (with family Falcocladiaceae) under the class Sordariomycetes.[9][10] This was accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020,[11] and Wijayawardene et al. 2022.[3]

The families Etheirophoraceae Rungjindamati, Somrothipol, & Suetrong, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(2): 134 (2014), Juncigenaceae E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L. Pang, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(2): 133 (2014) and Torpedosporaceae E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(2): 135 (2014) form well-separated clades within Torpedosporales in the phylogram generated from combined LSU, SSU and rpb2 sequence data. This observation was supported by previous studies of Jones et al. in 2015,[1] and also by Maharachchkumbura et al. in 2016.[12] The divergence time for Torpedosporales is estimated as 185 Mya (million years ago). There are three families and ten genera in this order.[2][13]

Description

Generally, the conidia of Torpedosporales are solitary and helicoid e.g. Juncigenaceae has single, brown, helicoid shaped conidia. While the conidia of Torpedosporaceae are solitary, irregularly helicoid and muriform (meaning resembling courses of bricks or stones in squareness and regular arrangement).(Hyde et al. 2020a).[2]

Distribution

It has a scattered cosmopolitan distribution within various marine environments.[14] This includes the Mediterranean Sea.[10] the Arabian Sea,[8] New Zealand,[15] and near Australia.[16]

References
  1. Jones, E.B.G.; Suetrong, S.; Sakayaroj, J.; Bahkali, A.H.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Boekhout, T.; Pang, K.L. (2015). "An updated classification of marine Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota". Fungal Diversity. 73: 1–72. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4.
  2. Hyde, Kevin D.; Norphanphoun, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Bhat, D.J.; Jones, E.B.G.; Bundhun, D.; Chen, Y.J.; Bao, D.F.; Boonmee, S.; Calabon, M.S.; Chaiwan, N.; Chethana, K.W.T.; Dai, D.Q.; Dayarathne, M.C.; Devadatha, B.; Dissanayake, A.J.; Dissanayake, L.S.; Doilom, M.; Dong, W.; Fan, X.L.; Goonasekara, I.D.; Hongsanan, S.; Huang, S.K.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Jeewon, R.; Karunarathna, A.; Konta, S.; Kumar, V.; Lin, C.G.; Liu, J.K.; Liu, N.G.; Luangsa-ard, J.; Lumyong, S.; Luo, Z.L.; Marasinghe, D.S.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Niego, A.G.T.; Niranjan, M.; Perera, R.H.; Phukhamsakda, C.; Rathnayaka, A.R.; Samarakoon, M.C.; Samarakoon, S.M.B.C.; Sarma, V.V.; Senanayake, I.C.; Shang, Q.J.; Stadler, M.; Tibpromma, S.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Wei, D.P.; Wijayawardene, N.N.; Xiao, Y.P.; Yang, J.; Zeng, X.Y.; Zhang, S.N.; Xiang, M.M. (2020). "Refined families of Sordariomycetes". Mycosphere. 11: 305–1059. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/7. hdl:10033/622756.
  3. Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [160]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. S2CID 249054641.
  4. Lucas J. Stal and Mariana Silvia Cretoiu (Editors)The Marine Microbiome: An Untapped Source of Biodiversity and ... (2016), p. 109, at Google Books
  5. Sakayaroj, J.; Pang, KL; Jones, EBG; Phongpaichit, S.; Vrijmoed, L.L.P.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A. (2005). "A systematic reassessment of the marine ascomycetes Torpedospora and Swampomyces". Botanica Marina. 48: 395–406. doi:10.1515/bot.2005.053.
  6. Schoch, C.L.; Sung, G.H.; Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B.; Kohlmeyer, J.; Spatafora, J.W. (2007). "Marine fungal lineages in the Hypocreomycetidae". Mycological Research. 111: 154–162. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2006.10.005.
  7. Jones, E.B.G.; Suetrong, S.; Cheng, W.H.; Rungjindamai, N.; Sakayaroj, J.; Boonyuen, N.; Somrothipol, S.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Pang, K.L. (2014). "An additional fungal lineage in the Hypocreomycetidae (Falcocladium species) and the taxonomic re-evaluation of Chaetosphaeriachaetosa and Swampomyces species, based on morphology, ecology and phylogeny". Cryptogamie Mycologie. 35: 119–138. doi:10.7872/crym.v35.iss2.2014.119.
  8. Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A.; El-Samawaty, Abd El-Rahim M.A.; El Gorban, Abdallah M.; Yassin, Mohamed A.; Alsaadi, Marzouq H. (27 February 2018). "Khaleijomyces marinus gen. et sp. nov. (Juncigenaceae, Torpedosporales) a new lignicolous marine fungus from Saudi Arabia". Phytotaxa. 340 (3). doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.340.3.8.
  9. Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E.B.G.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Huang, S.K.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Daranagama, D.A.; Dayarathne, M.; D’Souza, M.J.; Goonasekara, I.D.; Hongsanan, S.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Kirk, P.M.; Konta, S; Liu, J.K.; Liu, Z.Y.; Norphanphoun, C.; Pang, K.L.; Perera, R.H.; Senanayake, I.C.; Shang, Q.J.; Shenoy, B.D.; Xiao, Y.P.; Bahkali, A.H.; Kang, J.C.; Somrothipol, S.; Suetrong, S.; Wen, T.C.; Xu, J.C. (2015). "Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 72: 199–301. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0331-z.
  10. Poli, Anna; Bovio, Elena; Verkley, Gerard; Prigione, Valeria; Varese, Giovanna Cristina (2019). "Elbamycellarosea gen. et sp. nov. (Juncigenaceae, Torpedosporales) isolated from the Mediterranean Sea". MycoKeys. 55: 15–28. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.55.35522. PMC 6595004. 31274984.
  11. Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
  12. Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, E. H. C.; Bhat, Jayarama D.; Dayarathne, Monika C.; Huang, Shi-Ke; Norphanphoun, Chada; Senanayake, Indunil C. (2016-06-03). "Families of Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 79 (1): 1–317. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6. ISSN 1560-2745. S2CID 256070646.
  13. Gomdola, Deecksha (4 March 2021). "Torpedosporales - Facesoffungi number: FoF 00861". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  14. "Torpedosporales". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  15. "Torpedosporales E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L. Pang 2015 - Biota of NZ". biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  16. Hyde, Kevin D.; Nakagiri, A. (1992). "Intertidal fungi from Australia. The genus Swampomyces including S. triseptatus sp. nov". Sydowia. 44: 122–130.
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