Tourism in Sardinia

View of Cagliari

Cagliari[7] is the capital of the region and the largest city on the island. It has ancient origins, as it was founded by the Phoenicians on previous Nuragic sites. Later occupation by Punics and the Romans left many archaeological finds, including the Tuvixeddu necropolis and the amphitheater, which could accommodate up to 10,000 people. Numerous coastal ponds surround the city, like the Molentargius - Saline Regional Park, located between the urban area and Poetto Beach. These wetlands are very important for the reproduction of water birds such as the greater flamingo.

In the Sarrabus-Gerrei area, the beaches of Costa Rei[8] extend to the foot of the hills of Capo Ferrato;[9] they are considered to be among the most beautiful in the world by Lonely Planet, along with those of Villasimius[10] farther south.[11] To the southwest of Cagliari, the main tourist resorts are located in the town of Pula,[12] which also houses the ruins of the ancient city of Nora.[13]

The Marmilla and Sarcidano regions have several important archaeological sites and landscapes such as the Giara di Gesturi.[14] At Barumini is the site of Su Nuraxi,[15] a UNESCO heritage site, one of the most visited historic sites on the island. In the commune territory of Orroli, there are the ruins of Nuraghe Arrubiu.[16] These territories and nearby Trexenta are traversed by the Trenino Verde,[17] a tourism railway line.

Chia

The southwest part of Sardinia is the Sulcis region and includes the islands of San Pietro[18] and Sant'Antioco,[19] which have the peculiarity of hosting Ligurian communities (including Carloforte[20] and Calasetta[21]). The Teulada[22] cape limestone cliffs originated 500 million years ago and are considered to be among the oldest rocks in Europe. In the vicinity of Carbonia,[23] there is the fortress of Monte Sirai,[24] a testimony to the Phoenician-Punic and then Roman domination of the region, which also affected the islands and the littoral below, where the ruins of Sulci, Bithia, Inosim and Pani-Loriga are located, dating from the 8th century BC. The most popular seaside resorts are Porto Pino (Sant'Anna Arresi) and Chia[25](Domus de Maria).

The Iglesiente, named after the medieval town of Iglesias[26] (founded by the infamous Count Ugolino della Gherardesca), has been an important mining district; abandoned mines are an example of mining architecture and industrial archeology. In the municipality of Fluminimaggiore is the temple of Antas,[27] from Punic Roman times.

Another notable spot is the sand dunes of Piscinas[28] (Arbus), in the Costa Verde,[29] where golden sand dunes penetrate 3 kilometers into the interior, forming a miniature desert. The dunes are active and moved by the wind. Twisted junipers grow in the desert boundary areas, and the Mediterranean scrub is inhabited by animals that include the Sardinian deer.

Cala Goloritzé

Barbagia is the region that represents the heart of Sardinia; it surrounds around the Gennargentu[30] massif[31] and Supramonte[32] highland, a chain of granite, shale and limestone mountains that reaches the eastern coast from the inner parts of the island and descends to the sea between Dorgali and Baunei. The town of Nuoro[33] is the main urban center, while Fonni[34] is a winter sports center with a ski lift to Monte Spada and Bruncu Spina ski area.

Goceano, inland mountainous territory, is instead known above all for the castle of Burgos,[35] one of the many medieval castles in Sardinia. The main urban centres are Bono[36] with Italy’s most expansive yew tree forest Sos Nibberos,[37] considered the traditional Goceano's chieftown, Anela,[38] the oldest village of Goceano with in its vicinity Forest'Anela[39] for trekking tourism and Necropolis of Sos Furrighesos,[40] Benetutti,[41] Burgos,[42] Bultei,[43] Nule,[44] Esporlatu,[45] Illorai[46] and Bottidda.[47]

The main tourist attractions of the coastal region of the Baronie are Orosei,[48] Posada[49] and Siniscola.[50] In Ogliastra, the main tourist locations include Arbatax-Tortolì,[51] Santa Maria Navarrese,[52] Lotzorai,[53] Bari Sardo[54] and Cardedu.[55]

San Giovanni di Sinis

Tharros[56] was founded by the Phoenicians, but on previous Nuragic villages; it was inhabited for 1,800 years before being abandoned. The port's ruins are impressive, but only a small part of its actual extent has been excavated. In the Sinis peninsula, where the Giants of Monte Prama[57] were discovered, there are sandy beaches such as Is Arutas and Mari Ermi.

Oristano[58] flourished between the years 1100 and 1400, during the period of the Giudicato of Arborea. Inside the ancient walls remain the Tower of San Cristoforo or of Marianus II of Arborea and the opposite, Portixedda. The cathedral and the churches of San Francesco and Santa Chiara are located in the historic center, near the Eleonora of Arborea square. Just outside Oristano, there is the pond of Cabras[59] and the nearby lagoon of Mistras,[60] where thousands of cormorants and flamingos, as well as ducks, coots, white herons, western swamphen and black-winged stilt live seasonally.

The main tourist resort of the Planargia is the town of Bosa[61] with the Castle of Serravalle.[62] The Marghine, which has Macomer as its main center, is one of the Sardinian territories with the highest concentration of Nuragic sites. In the Barigadu region, one of the most visited sites is the ruins of the Roman baths in the territory of Fordongianus[63] (the former Forum Traiani).[64]

Caprera

Gallura is a territory that occupies the whole northeastern part of Sardinia, including the Maddalena archipelago[65] and the island of Caprera,[66] where Giuseppe Garibaldi spent his last years and where he is buried. It is a mountain region, with few flat areas (the Olbia plain) dominated by the polished granite shapes and the dark green of the Mediterranean scrub. Monti[67] is a notable center, is known for its vineyards producing the local vermentino wine.

In the Costa Smeralda, and farther south in Budoni[68] and San Teodoro,[69] much of the island's tourism is concentrated,[70] but there are also completely wild areas, such as the vast territories of Alà dei Sardi[71] and Buddusò,[72] easily reachable from the coast. All coastal communes are renowned tourist resorts, while the communes of the interior are rich in precious remnants of the Nuragic civilization, dolmen, menhirs and sacred wells, as well as characteristic mountain villages (such as Aggius)[73] and natural features, including the ancient olive trees of Santu Baltolu in Luras.[74]

View of Alghero

Alghero[75] and the Riviera del Corallo, Porto Torres,[76] Asinara,[77] Argentiera[78] and Stintino[79] are well known locations. Alghero, a tourist-oriented city and Catalan linguistic island, has numerous beaches and a vast and varied naturalistic heritage with a historic center that can be considered a museum in itself. The surrounding area is also rich in monuments and museums recording its history. The Alghero territory is also known as the Riviera del Corallo and the Neptune's grotto.[80] The coasts around Capo Caccia[81] and its submerged caves are another well known site.

Farther north are the ghost town of Argentiera[82] and the port city of Porto Torres,[83] with the island of Asinara[84] and its national park, the important Roman vestiges of the ancient city of Turris Libisonis, countless archaeological sites located throughout its territory, as well as the majestic Basilica of San Gavino, former cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sassari and one of the first manifestations of Romanesque architecture in Sardinia. A nearby beach is Balai, and Stintino has famous beaches such as La Pelosa.[85] Castelsardo[86] has a medieval castle, a medieval village and the picturesque beaches of Lu Bagnu. This area includes many other places of interest such as Sassari,[87] Sardinia's second city by population, with its historic center, archaeological sites (such as the megalithic altar of Monte d'Accoddi),[88] Platamona,[89] Sedini,[90] Tergu[91] and Valledoria.[92]

In the Logudoro hinterland, in addition to the Pre-Nuragic and Nuragic vestiges (including the Dolmen of Sa Coveccada[93] and the nuraghe Santu Antine) there are numerous Romanesque churches, such as the basilica of Saccargia of Codrongianos, built in the 11th or 12th century in Romanesque-Pisan style by the judges of Torres, the basilica of Sant'Antioco di Bisarcio in Ozieri[94] and the church of Santa Maria del Regno of Ardara.[95]

Castelsardo

In the classification of the cultural community of The most beautiful villages in Italy, Sardinia appears with 8 certified villages among the best in the country for conservation of the territory and artistic heritage, in addition to adequate cultural enhancemen.[96]

• Atzara
• Bosa
• Carloforte
• Castelsardo
• La Maddalena
• Lollove
• Posada
• Sadali

Su Nuraxi in winter

Su Nuraxi is a nuragic archaeological site in Barumini, Sardinia, Italy. Su Nuraxi simply means "The Nuraghe" in Campidanese, the southern variant of the Sardinian language.

Su Nuraxi is a settlement consisting of a seventeenth century BC Nuraghe, a bastion of four corner towers plus a central one, and a village inhabited from the thirteenth to the sixth century BC, developed around the Nuraghe. They are considered by scholars the most impressive expression of the Nuragic civilization and were included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1997 as Su Nuraxi di Barumini.