Trawsfynydd Camp railway station

Trawsfynydd Camp railway station, sometimes referred to as Trawsfynydd Military station served the Trawsfynydd Artillery range[8] at Bronaber, south of Trawsfynydd in Gwynedd, Wales. The station never opened for civilian traffic.

Trawsfynydd Camp
Remaining platform of the dismantled station
General information
LocationTrawsfynydd, Gwynedd
Wales
Coordinates52.9070°N 3.9149°W / 52.9070; -3.9149
Grid referenceSH 713 361
Platforms2, plus loading bay[1][2][3][4]
Other information
StatusDisused
History
Original companyGreat Western Railway
Key dates
November 1911Opened for military traffic[5][6]
4 January 1960line closed for regular passenger services
28 January 1961line closed completely[7]

Origins

In 1882 the Bala and Ffestiniog Railway opened the line from Bala Junction to a temporary terminus at Festiniog, Trawsfynydd was one of the stations opened with the line. At Festiniog passengers had to transfer to narrow gauge trains if they wished to continue northwards.[9][10] To do this people travelling from Trawsfynydd to Blaenau or beyond walked the few yards from the standard gauge train to the narrow gauge train much as they do today between the Conwy Valley Line and the Ffestiniog Railway at Blaenau Ffestiniog.

The following year the narrow gauge line was converted to standard gauge, but narrow gauge trains continued to run until 5 September 1883 using a third rail. Standard gauge trains first ran through from Bala and Trawsfynydd to Blaenau Ffestiniog on 10 September 1883.[11] The line was taken over by the Great Western Railway in 1910.[12]

Military usage

The line through Trawsfynydd had been established for around twenty years when an artillery training camp was set up at Bryn Golau, on the southern outskirts of Trawsfynydd. It was replaced in 1906 by a larger camp further south at Rhiw Goch,[13][14] which was more widely referred to as being at Bronaber, after the nearby settlement of that name.

Artillery of the period required the transportation of men, horses, field guns and ammunition, together with supplies such as fodder. As a training camp the turnover of men in particular was considerable, many attending for two week "camps". The area is remote and roads remain few, so the railway was the obvious means to move men and materials. For a few years military traffic was handled at Trawsfynydd, but it was not well suited to the sharp and growing peaks of arrivals and departures.[15] In 1910 the railway decided to build additional, specialised platforms and ramps on the northern side of the bridge which was at the northern end of the conventional station;[16][17][18] these were opened in Summer 1911 and became known as "Trawsfynydd Camp station", though that name does not appear on documents such as Working Timetables.[19]

The station had no need of ticket offices or waiting rooms. All traffic was by booked special trains exclusively for military personnel, though the locomotives, rolling stock and crew were all Great Western. The only buildings were a corrugated iron warehouse, a guards' room and two lavatories. Three unusual features were provided:

  • several water troughs on the wide and gently sloping approach road
  • a wooden "screen" made of fencing material with all vertical timbers edge to edge. This was placed between the single track running line and the military station. Its purpose was said to be to prevent horses being frightened by the sight of passing locomotives.[20]
  • a "Gun Wharf" which consisted of a bay platform where open-ended vehicles carrying equipment such as artillery pieces could be wheeled straight off the end onto the platform

Personnel disembarked onto the "Troop Platform", which was an island with the screen to one side. Horses detrained onto the "Horse Landing" which led straight to the water troughs and the road to the camp. Guns and other large equipment was unloaded at the Gun Wharf, also known as the Gun Platform.[21] The trains shown in published photographs often mixed carriages, horse boxes and wagons. They were routinely much the longest trains to use the line and needed double-heading or the use of more powerful locomotives normally excluded from the route.[22][23]

Traffic was heavy during the World Wars and considerable between. The Harlech Military Railway article mentions connections with the Trawsfynydd camp, but it is unlikely that this involved rail traffic, because the distance by road is short, but by rail is very long.

Traffic reduced after 1945, but was considerable for some time as the camp was used to dispose of unused artillery shells by firing them on the range.[24] Military traffic had petered out by the late 1950s and the camp was closed as a military establishment in 1957 or 1958, only to reopen "almost overnight" to house workers building Trawsfynydd nuclear power station. These people were bussed to work, bringing no custom to the railway except when coming to or leaving from their distant homes.[25]

The line from Bala north to Trawsfynydd was designated in the restrictive "Blue" weight limit, with the section from Trawsfynydd to Blaenau limited even more tightly to "Yellow".[26] The literature conjectures on overweight classes being used on troop trains, but no solid claim or photograph has been published. Photos of heavy troop trains show 0-6-0STs double-heading, Only four steam age photos of the line show anything other than an 0-4-2 or 0-6-0 tank engine, three being of GWR 2251 Class 0-6-0s taken in the 1940s on ordinary civilian workings.[27][28][29] The only one of anything larger is of a "43XX" 2-6-0 on a military train at Trawsfynydd Camp station. That class were nevertheless classified as "Blue".[30] As the 1950s passed "5700" and "7400" 0-6-0PTs stole the show, exemplified by 9610 at Festiniog in the 1950s.[31] 0-4-2T engines "..suffer[ed] from limited tank capacity and power."[32]

In 1907 an accident occurred involving a military train in which both drivers and two soldiers were injured.[33]

With the camp closed the station had no residual purpose except for siding space.[22]

Closure

The line through the station closed to passengers in January 1960 and to freight a year later. In 1964 the line was still technically "operational" northwards from the station in case it reopened for freight or military traffic,[34] but none materialised and the tracks were lifted northwards to the site of Trawsfynydd Lake Halt. Tracks north of that halt sprung back to life in 1964 to serve Trawsfynydd nuclear power station.

By 2017 the site had been put to agricultural use and was hardly recognisable as a former station.

Preceding station   Disused railways   Following station
Trawsfynydd Lake Halt
Line and station closed		   Great Western Railway
Bala and Ffestiniog Railway		   Trawsfynydd
Line and station closed

References
  1. Southern 1995, pp. 68–9.
  2. Mitchell & Smith 2010, Photos 25-6 and Map XIII.
  3. Turner 2003, p. 20.
  4. Williams & Lowe 2018, p. 131.
  5. Butt 1995, p. 233.
  6. Quick 2009, pp. 385.
  7. Southern 1995, p. 64.
  8. Rules governing the range, via War Department
  9. Mitchell & Smith 2010, Map XVI.
  10. Southern 1995, p. 74.
  11. Boyd 1988, p. 47.
  12. Southern 1995, p. 8.
  13. Rhiw Goch house, via National Library of Scotland
  14. Bronaber army camp, via heneb
  15. Southern 1995, p. 68.
  16. Mitchell & Smith 2010, Map XIII.
  17. Coleford 2010, p. 512.
  18. Williams 1979, Plate 65.
  19. 1960 Working timetable, via 2D53
  20. Mitchell & Smith 2010, Photo 25.
  21. Lloyd 1971, p. 199.
  22. Southern 1995, p. 69.
  23. Southern, Leadbetter & Weatherley 1987, p. 67.
  24. The legacy of firing live ammunition, via Natural Resources Wales
  25. Southern 1995, p. 70.
  26. Southern 1995, p. 14.
  27. Green 1996, p. 40.
  28. Southern, Leadbetter & Weatherley 1987, p. 72.
  29. Williams & Lowe 2018, p. 151.
  30. Williams & Lowe 2018, p. 134.
  31. Mitchell & Smith 2010, Photo 36.
  32. Boyd 1959, p. 548.
  33. Prysor 2017, p. 102.
  34. Mitchell & Smith 2010, Photo 26.

Sources
  • Boyd, James I.C. (1988) [1972]. Narrow Gauge Railways in South Caernarvonshire – Volume 1. Headington: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 978-0-85361-365-7. OCLC 20417464.
  • Butt, R. V. J. (October 1995). The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. OCLC 60251199. OL 11956311M.
  • Green, C.C. (1996) [1983]. North Wales Branch Line Album. Shepperton: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7110-1252-3.
  • Lloyd, Michael (May 1971). Brewer, John (ed.). "Bala to Blaenau Festiniog". Model Railway News. Hemel Hempstead: Model and Allied Publications Ltd. 47 (557).
  • Mitchell, Vic; Smith, Keith (2010). Bala to Llandudno: Featuring Blaenau Ffestiniog. Midhurst: Middleton Press (MD). ISBN 978-1-906008-87-1.
  • Prysor, Dewi (2017). Traws-Olwg : Trawsfynydd a'r ardal fel y bu. Tal-y-bont, Ceredigion: Y Lolfa. ISBN 978-1-78461-467-6.
  • Quick, Michael (2009) [2001]. Railway passenger stations in Great Britain: a chronology (4th ed.). Oxford: Railway & Canal Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-901461-57-5. OCLC 612226077.
  • Shannon, Paul; Hillmer, John (1999). North Wales (British Railways Past & Present) Part 2. Kettering: Past & Present Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85895-163-8. No 36.
  • Southern, D. W. (1995). Bala Junction to Blaenau Ffestiniog. Stockport: Foxline Publishing. ISBN 978-1-870119-34-4. Scenes from the Past, Railways of North Wales, No. 25.
  • Southern, D. W.; Leadbetter, H.J.; Weatherley, S.A. (1987). Rails to Bala. Rhuddlan: Charter Publications. ISBN 978-0-907157-03-8.
  • Turner, Alun (2003). Gwynedd's Lost Railways. Catrine: Stenlake Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84033-259-9.
  • Williams, Gareth Haulfryn (1979). Railways in Gwynedd. Caernarfon: Gwynedd Archives Service. ISBN 978-0-901337-23-8.
  • Williams, Martin F.; Lowe, Derek J. (2018). The Bala Branch. Lydney: Lightmoor Press. ISBN 978-1-91103-847-4.

Further material
  • Baughan, Peter E. (1980). A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume 11 North and Mid Wales (1st ed.). Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 978-0-7153-7850-2. OCLC 6823219.
  • Boyd, James I.C. (October 1959). Mansell, K.G. (ed.). "Bala & Festiniog Section - W.R.". Railway World. London: Railway World Limited. 20 (233).
  • Coleford, I. C. (November 2010). Smith, Martin (ed.). "By GWR to Blaenau Ffestiniog (Part Two)". Railway Bylines. Radstock: Irwell Press Limited. 15 (12).
  • Ferris, Tom (2004) [1961]. British Railways Volume 4 - Bewdley To Blaenau (DVD). demanddvd. DEMDVD084.
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