Triploceras

Triploceras
	Triploceras gracile
Scientific classification
(unranked):	Viridiplantae
(unranked):	Charophyta
Class:	Zygnematophyceae
Order:	Desmidiales
Family:	Desmidiaceae
Genus:	Triploceras
Species
	T. gracile; T. splendens; T. verticillatum[1];

Triploceras is a genus of desmid (a type of green alga) in the family Desmidiaceae.[2]

Description

Triploceras exists as solitary cells, which are elongated and constricted at the middle (the constriction called an isthmus); the two halves are called semicells. At tip of either semicell, the cell is tipped with spiny lobes, similar to the polar lobes found in Micrasterias. Along the margins of the semicells are many whorls of processes that may be tipped with spines or teeth. Cells have one chloroplast filling the cell.[3]

Identification

Triploceras is easily recognizable due to its elongated shape and polar lobes.[3] The similar genus Triplastrum also has polar spines, but lacks protuberances along the sides of the cell.[4]

Phylogeny

Phylogenetically, Triploceras is currently known to be embedded within the genus Micrasterias.[3][4] Despite the similar rod-like shape, it is not closely related to other rod-shaped genera such as Pleurotaenium or Triplastrum.[4]

Distribution

Two species, Triploceras gracile and T. verticillatum are widely distributed throughout the world. Another species, T. splendens is rare and restricted to Southeast Asia and northern Australia.[1]

References

Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Triploceras". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
See the NCBI webpage on Triploceras. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
Hall, John D.; McCourt, Richard M. (2014). "Chapter 9. Conjugating Green Algae Including Desmids". In Wehr, John D.; Sheath, Robert G.; Kociolek, J. Patrick (eds.). Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification (2 ed.). Elsevier Inc. ISBN 978-0-12-385876-4.
Škaloud, P.; Št'astný, J.; Nemjová, K.; Mazalová, P.; Poulíčková, A.; Neustupa, J. (2012). "Molecular phylogeny of baculiform desmid taxa (Zygnematophyceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 298 (7): 1281–1292. doi:10.1007/s00606-012-0634-4. S2CID 254052751.

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[AlgaeBase-1] Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Triploceras". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.

[2] See the NCBI webpage on Triploceras. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2007-03-19.

[Hall2014-3] Hall, John D.; McCourt, Richard M. (2014). "Chapter 9. Conjugating Green Algae Including Desmids". In Wehr, John D.; Sheath, Robert G.; Kociolek, J. Patrick (eds.). Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification (2 ed.). Elsevier Inc. ISBN 978-0-12-385876-4.

[Skaloud2012-4] Škaloud, P.; Št'astný, J.; Nemjová, K.; Mazalová, P.; Poulíčková, A.; Neustupa, J. (2012). "Molecular phylogeny of baculiform desmid taxa (Zygnematophyceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 298 (7): 1281–1292. doi:10.1007/s00606-012-0634-4. S2CID 254052751.