Trogulidae
Trogulidae is a family of harvestmen with 5 genera and 57 extant species and one fossil species.
| Trogulidae Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Trogulus tricarinatus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Opiliones |
| Suborder: | Dyspnoi |
| Superfamily: | Troguloidea |
| Family: | Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833 |
| Genera | |
| |
| Diversity | |
| 5 genera, 57 species | |
 | |
| Approximate natural range of Trogulidae | |
Members of this species have short legs and live in soil. They have dirt attached to their bodies, to escape predators. Their body length ranges from 2 to 22 mm. The body is in most genera somewhat flattened and leathery. Adults have a small hood, which hides their short chelicerae and pedipalps.[1]
Distribution
Members of this family occur in western and southern Europe, up to western North Africa and the Levant, the Caucasus and northern Iran. Trogulus tricarinatus, a predator of terrestrial snails, has been introduced to eastern North America.[1]
Name
The derivation of the name of the type genus, Trogulus, is not fully understood. The describer Latreille wrote that he named it because it looks like a monkshood. Perrier (1929) however derived the name from Ancient Greek trogein "gnawing", because of the rough, "gnawed-upon" appearance.[1]
Species[2][3]
- Anarthrotarsus Silhavý, 1967
- Anarthrotarsus martensi Silhavý, 1967
- Anelasmocephalus Simon, 1879
- Anelasmocephalus balearicus Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Baleares)
- Anelasmocephalus brignolii Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Sardinia)
- Anelasmocephalus calcaneatus Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Sicily)
- Anelasmocephalus cambridgei (Westwood, 1874) (Europe)
- Anelasmocephalus crassipes (H. Lucas, 1847) (Algeria)
- Anelasmocephalus hadzii Martens, 1978 (Austria)
- Anelasmocephalus lycosinus (Sørensen, 1873) (Italy)
- Anelasmocephalus osellai Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Italy)
- Anelasmocephalus pusillus Simon, 1879 (Corsica, Sardinia)
- Anelasmocephalus pyrenaicus Martens, 1978 (Spain)
- Anelasmocephalus rufitarsis Simon, 1879 (France)
- Anelasmocephalus tenuiglandis Martens & Chemini, 1988 (France)
- Anelasmocephalus tuscus Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Italy)
- Calathocratus Simon, 1879
- Calathocratus africanus (H. Lucas, 1847) (southern Europe, Algeria)
- Calathocratus beieri Gruber, 1968
- Calathocratus caucasicus (Šilhavý, 1966)
- Calathocratus hirsutus Snegovaya, 2011
- Calathocratus intermedius Roewer, 1940 (Crete)
- Calathocratus kyrghyzicus (Chemeris, 2013)
- Calathocratus minutus Snegovaya, 2011
- Calathocratus rhodiensis (Gruber, 1963)
- Calathocratus singularis (Roewer, 1940)
- Calathocratus sinuosus (Sørensen, 1873)
- Konfiniotis Roewer, 1940
- Konfiniotis creticus Roewer, 1940 (Crete)
- Trogulus Latreille, 1802
- Trogulus aquaticus Simon, 1879
- Trogulus balearicus Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
- Trogulus banaticus Avram, 1971
- Trogulus cisalpinus Chemini & Martens, 1988 (Italy)
- Trogulus closanicus Avram, 1971
- Trogulus coriziformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & C .L. Koch 1839 (southern Europe, Algeria)
- Trogulus cristatus Simon, 1879
- Trogulus falcipenis Komposch, 1999 (Austria)
- Trogulus graecus Dahl, 1903 (Greece)
- Trogulus gypseus Simon, 1879 (Israel, Egypt)
- † Trogulus longipes Haupt, 1956 (fossil: Eocene)
- Trogulus hirtus Dahl, 1903 (Hercegovina)
- Trogulus huberi Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
- Trogulus karamanorum Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
- Trogulus lusitanicus Giltay, 1932 (Portugal)
- Trogulus martensi Chemini, 1983 (Italy)
- Trogulus megaligrava Schönhofer et al., 2013
- Trogulus melitensis Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
- Trogulus nepaeformis (Scopoli, 1763) (southern Europe)
- Trogulus oltenicus Avram, 1971
- Trogulus ozimeci Schönhofer et al., 2013
- Trogulus pharensis Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
- Trogulus prietoi Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
- Trogulus pyrenaicus Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
- Trogulus rossicus Šilhavý, 1968
- Trogulus setosissimus Roewer, 1940 (Crete)
- Trogulus squamatus C. L. Koch, in Hahn & C .L .Koch 1839 (Dalmatia)
- Trogulus tenuitarsus Schönhofer et al., 2013
- Trogulus thaleri Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
- Trogulus tingiformis C.L. Koch, in Hahn & C. L. Koch 1839
- Trogulus torosus Simon, 1885 (Dalmatia)
- Trogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (central Europe)
- Trogulus uncinatus Gruber, 1973
Footnotes
- Gruber, Jürgen (2007): Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 157ff
- "A taxonomic catalogue of the Dyspnoi Hansen and Sørensen, 1904 (Arachnida: Opiliones)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
- Chemeris, A.N. (2013) Two new harvestman species (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the collection of Siberian Zoological Museum. Arthropoda Selecta
References
- Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Trogulidae
- Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9
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