1963 Atlantic hurricane season

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	June 1 – June 4
Peak intensity	60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 1000 mbar (hPa)

Toward the end of May, a tropical disturbance moved northward from Panama toward the western Caribbean Sea. On May 31, a trough moved across eastern Cuba.[7]^: 266 On June 1, a tropical depression developed over the western Bahamas.[2] Initially, the depression could have been a subtropical cyclone, due to an upper-level low located over the circulation.[7]^: 277 The depression moved to the northeast and later to the north, strengthening into a tropical storm on June 2. A day later, the storm attained peak winds of 60 mph (95 km/h); on the same day, the storm made landfall just west of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. By June 4, the storm weakened to a tropical depression as it continued northwestward through Virginia, Maryland, and finally Pennsylvania,[2] where the depression degenerated into a trough.[7]^: 270

The disturbance dropped heavy rainfall across Cuba, reaching 7.50 in (191 mm) in Santiago de Cuba.[7]^: 266 The storm produced gusty winds along the eastern United States coast, from North Carolina through Maryland. Winds reached 40 mph (65 km/h) in Ocean City, Maryland and 39 mph (64 km/h) in Norfolk, Virginia. The latter city recorded 6.87 in (174 mm) of rainfall in a 24-hour period, setting a daily rainfall record for the location.[7]^: 269 Heavy rainfall reached as far north as Washington, D.C.[9]^: 427

Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	July 31 – August 11
Peak intensity	115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min); 969 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC on July 31 while located about halfway between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde.[2][7]^: 169 It headed west, becoming Tropical Storm Arlene on August 2. Shortly thereafter, Arlene turned to the northeast and bypassed the Lesser Antilles. Around 00:00 UTC on August 5, Arlene weakened back to a tropical depression.[2] Based on ship data and reconnaissance aircraft flights being unable to locate a circulation, Arlene degenerated into a trough about 24 hours later.[7]^: 173 Observations from ships indicated that the system became a tropical depression again early on August 7.[7]^: 174 Several hours later, Arlene became a tropical storm again. While curving to the northeast on August 8, the cyclone intensified into a hurricane.[2]

Arlene intensified further on August 9 and was a strong Category 2 hurricane by the time it struck Bermuda with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) at 15:30 UTC. Shortly thereafter, the system became a Category 3 hurricane and peaked with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). Arlene weakened and lost tropical characteristics as it continued northeastward, becoming extratropical early on August 11 about 300 mi (485 km) southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. The extratropical remnants turned east-southeastward and persisted for a few days, until dissipating just north of Madeira on August 14.[2] Several hurricane warnings and watches were issued for the Leeward Islands;[10] however, no damage was reported on any of the islands.[5]^: 130 The storm had its greatest impact on Bermuda, where high winds and near-record rainfall of 6.05 in (154 mm) downed trees, power lines, and caused flooding.[5]^: 130[11][12] Damages across the island amounted to $300,000.[5]

Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	August 20 – August 27
Peak intensity	120 mph (195 km/h) (1-min); 958 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on August 11.[7]^: 182 The system organized into a tropical depression early on August 20 about 540 mi (870 km) northeast of Cayenne, French Guiana. On August 21, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Beulah while moving to the northwest.[2] Later that day, the first reconnaissance aircraft flight into the storm observed winds of 52 mph (84 km/h).[5]^: 130 Based on another reconnaissance flight on August 22 observing a barometric pressure of 977 mbar (28.9 inHg), Beulah intensified into a hurricane around 18:00 UTC.[7]^: 186 The storm intensified into a Category 3 hurricane by early on August 24, at which time Beulah attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 120 mph (195 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 958 mbar (28.29 inHg).[2] Radar imagery depicted an elliptical eye with a diameter of 20 to 30 mi (32 to 48 km).[5]^: 131

Early on August 25, Beulah weakened significantly due to unfavorable conditions caused by an anticyclone to its south,[5]^: 131 falling to Category 1 intensity. After leveling off to sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) several hours later, Beulah maintained this intensity for the next few days.[2] Early on August 26, the hurricane turned northeastward under the influence of an upper-level trough offshore the East Coast of the United States.[5]^: 131 At 00:00 UTC on August 28, the hurricane transitioned into an extratropical cyclone about 235 mi (380 km) east-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. The extratropical low eventually turned eastward towards western Europe. The remnants then moved erratically, striking Ireland, the United Kingdom twice, and France before entering the North Sea. On September 8, the remnants finally dissipated north of Jan Mayen.[2]

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 9 – September 14
Peak intensity	80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min); 990 mbar (hPa)

As early as September 8, ships north of Puerto Rico reported a weak circulation. Drifting northward,[5]^: 131 the system developed tropical depression by 12:00 UTC on September 9, while situated about 355 mi (570 km) northeast of Turks and Caicos Islands.[2] The cyclone was subtropical in nature, fueled by both latent heat and instability from contrasting cool and warm air masses. While passing Bermuda later on September 10, sustained wind speeds of 25 mph (40 km/h) and decrease in barometric pressure were observed.[5]^: 131 The system moved east-northeastward and strengthened into a tropical storm late on September 10. The cyclone intensified further and reached hurricane status early on September 12, peaking with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 990 mbar (29.23 inHg).[2] Around that time, the Freiburg observed winds of 78 mph (126 km/h).[5]^: 131 Thereafter, the system weakened to a tropical storm about 24 hours later and accelerated to the northeast ahead of a cold front. Around 12:00 UTC on September 14,[2] the storm was absorbed by a large extratropical cyclone while located about 725 mi (1,167 km) north-northwest of Corvo Island in the Azores.[7]^: 198

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 16 – September 20
Peak intensity	65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 996 mbar (hPa)

In mid-September, a trough of low pressure was situated in the Gulf of Mexico.[5]^: 131 The system developed into Tropical Storm Cindy at 12:00 UTC on September 16, while located about 210 mi (340 km) south of Cameron, Louisiana. Cindy strengthened while moving north-northwestward. Around that time, the storm attained its peak intensity with maximum winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 996 mbar (29.41 inHg). Around 14:00 UTC on September 17, Cindy made landfall near High Island, Texas, at that intensity. After landfall, Cindy weakened to a tropical depression within about 22 hours. Turning southwest, the depression dissipated near Alice, Texas, at 00:00 UTC on September 20.[2]

In southwestern Louisiana, over 15 in (380 mm) of rain fell in some areas. Rice crops were flooded, causing about $360,000 in damage. However, the precipitation was described as more beneficial than detrimental.[5]^: 132 Along the coast, tides inundated roads leading to Cameron and Holly Beach.[13] A man drowned offshore Cameron while evacuating from an oil rig. The storm brought flooding to the southeastern Texas, particularly in and around Port Arthur. Two people drowned in the Port Acres area. Water entered 4,000 homes across Jefferson, Newton, and Orange counties.[5]^: 132 In Oklahoma, flooding in Guthrie prompted 300 residents to flee their homes; water intruded into 25 businesses and 35 homes.[14] Overall, Cindy caused about $12.5 million in damage, of which $11.7 million stemmed from property damage.[5]^: 132

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 19 – September 24
Peak intensity	75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min); 999 mbar (hPa)

On September 19, a westward moving tropical wave became a tropical depression about 900 mi (1,400 km) east of the southwesternmost islands of Cape Verde.[2][5]^: 132 The depression moved northwestward and strengthened into Tropical Storm Debra early the next day. Despite the system's intensity at the time,[2] a reconnaissance aircraft flight observed a radar eye on September 20.[5]^: 132 On the next day, Debra curved northward and intensified into a hurricane around 18:00 UTC. The cyclone peaked with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 999 mbar (29.50 inHg). Debra soon began weakening and fell to tropical storm status late on September 22. The system continued weakening and dissipated late on September 24, while located about halfway between Bermuda and Flores Island in the Azores.[2]

A tropical wave or trough of low-pressure developed into a tropical depression over the Bay of Campeche on September 23. The depression remained nearly stationary due to a frontal boundary over the northern Gulf of Mexico. On September 26, the depression struck the west coast of the Yucatán Peninsula and re-emerged into the Bay of Campeche on the following day. Ships near the area reported barometric pressures of less than 1,005 mbar (29.7 inHg) but not gale-force winds. It is unknown if the depression remained a tropical cyclone beyond September 27, though it may have become a subtropical cyclone on September 28. The remnants of the depression became extratropical and moved rapidly northeastward, crossing Florida on September 29 and then dissipating offshore the Northeastern United States by October 1.[7]^{: 270 and 271}

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 23 – September 29
Peak intensity	100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min); 990 mbar (hPa)

An Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) disturbance developed into a tropical depression while east of the Windward Islands on September 23.[15]^: 1 The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith early the next day. Several hours later, Edith intensified into a hurricane. Around 00:00 UTC on September 25, the cyclone became a Category 2 hurricane just north of Barbados and peaked with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h). Seven hours later, Edith struck Saint Lucia at the same intensity. The storm traversed the eastern Caribbean Sea and weakened to a tropical storm early on September 26. Edith then turned northwestward and briefly became a hurricane again, but weakened to a tropical storm before making landfall near La Romana, Dominican Republic, at 10:00 UTC the next day.[2] Interaction with land and an upper-level trough caused Edith to weaken considerably before it emerged into the Atlantic on September 28.[5]^: 133 Several hours later, Edith struck Providenciales in the Turks and Caicos Islands as a tropical storm. The storm weakened to a tropical depression and became extratropical just east of the Bahamas on September 29.[2] The extratropical low was soon absorbed by an extratropical system developing offshore the East Coast of the United States.[7]^: 219

In Martinique, a wind gust of 127 mph (204 km/h) was observed at Le Lamentin Airport; tides about 8 ft (2.4 m) above normal and heavy rainfall impacted the island.[16] Throughout the island, about 6,000 homes were demolished and 13,000 other were severely impacted.[15]^: 1 Agriculture suffered significantly, with bananas and other food crops destroyed, while sugar cane experienced significant damage.[17] Winds up to 80 mph (130 km/h) caused significant damage on Dominica and strong winds on Saint Lucia ruined about half of the island's banana crop.[5]^: 133 In Puerto Rico, the storm brought heavy rainfall to the southwest corner of the island and abnormally high tides to the south coast. Several beach front properties were badly damaged, particularly in the Salinas municipality.[18] Overall, Edith caused 10 deaths, all on Martinique, and approximately $46.6 million in damage.[5]^{: 128 and 133}

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 28 – October 11
Peak intensity	150 mph (240 km/h) (1-min); 933 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression well east of the Lesser Antilles at 12:00 UTC on September 28.[7]^: 223 About 24 hours later, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Flora. The cyclone intensified into a Category 1 hurricane early on September 29 and became a Category 2 hurricane before striking Tobago several hours later. Flora continued west-northwestward into the Caribbean and intensified into a Category 3 hurricane early on October 2 and became a Category 4 about 24 hours later. At 18:00 UTC on October 3, Flora peaked with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h). Early the next day, the hurricane made landfall in southwestern Haiti at the same intensity. Flora re-emerged into the Caribbean several hours later as a Category 3 hurricane. Late on October 4, the cyclone made landfall near San Antonio del Sur, Cuba, with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). A ridge to the north caused Flora to stall and move erratically over eastern Cuba for four days. Flora weakened slowly over land, falling to a Category 1 hurricane on October 5, but re-strengthened into a Category 2 after briefly emerging into the Gulf of Guacanayabo. Flora weakened to a tropical storm late on October 7, about 24 hours before emerging into the Atlantic. However, Flora quickly re-strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane and pass through the southeastern Bahamas early on October 9. Thereafter, Flora continued northeastward and gradually weakened, falling to Category 1 intensity on October 11. Flora gradually lost convection and became extratropical on October 12 while located 270 mi (430 km) east-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland.[2] The extratropical remnants continued north-northeastward until a larger extratropical cyclone absorbed it offshore Greenland on October 17.[7]^: 239

In Trinidad and Tobago, abnormally high tides capsized six ships in Scarborough harbor,[19] while strong winds caused severe effects to coconut, banana, and cocoa plantations, with 50% of the coconut trees destroyed and 11% severely damaged. About 2,750 houses were destroyed, while 3,500 others were impacted. The hurricane killed 24 people and resulted in $30.1 million damage.[20]^: 9 Six additional drowning fatalities occurred in Grenada. The slow movement of the storm resulted in record rainfall totals for the Greater Antilles. In Dominican Republic, over 3,800 sq mi (9,800 km²) of land was flooded. Bridges and roads were significantly damaged, with many roads left unpassable for several months. The hurricane caused about $60 million in damage and over 400 deaths.[5]^: 134 In Haiti, flash floods washed out large sections of several towns, while mudslides buried some entire cities.[21]^: 4 In most areas, crops were entirely destroyed.[5]^: 134 Additionally, the combination of rough waves and strong winds destroyed three entire communities.[21] About 3,500 people were confirmed dead and damage ranged from $125 million to $180 million.[5]^: 134 In Cuba, the storm dropped 100.39 in (2,550 mm) of rainfall at Santiago de Cuba.[22] Nearly all crops in southeastern Cuba were affected by strong winds and flooding. Many citizens were left stranded at the tops of their houses. Several entire houses were swept away by the flooding, and many roads and bridges were destroyed, resulting in major disruptions to communications.[23] Throughout the country, the hurricane destroyed as many as 30,000 dwellings.[6]^: 6 Flora left at least 1,750 fatalities and $500 million in damage in Cuba.[5]^: 135[6]^: 6 In Jamaica, the storm produced up to 60 in (1,500 mm) of precipitation at Spring Hill.[5]^: 136 Flora was attributed to 11 deaths and about $11.9 million in damage on the island.[5]^: 135 In the Bahamas, the storm left damage to crops, property, and roads that exceeded $1.5 million in damage, while one person drowned.[5]^: 136 Overall, Hurricane Flora caused at least 7,193 deaths and over $783.4 million in damage.[5]^: 135[6]^: 6

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	October 17 – October 29
Peak intensity	110 mph (175 km/h) (1-min); 948 mbar (hPa)

Late on October 17,[2] a tropical depression formed near Turks and Caicos from the interaction of a trough and a tropical wave, although the system was not very tropical due to cold air.[5]^: 136[24]^: 32 The depression intensified into Tropical Storm Ginny early on October 19. The next day, Ginny attained hurricane status,[2] and approached North Carolina before looping to the southwest due to a ridge over New England. By October 22, Ginny crossed the Gulf Stream and intensified, developing an eye.[5]^: 136[24]^: 32 Ahead of an advancing trough,[25] Ginny turned sharply northward and later northeastward, paralleling the coast of the Southeastern United States. For eight days, the storm was within 250 mi (400 km) of the United States coastline. Moving farther offshore, Ginny gradually intensified and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) late on October 28. Later that day, Ginny made landfall in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, shortly before becoming extratropical. Its remnants dissipated on October 30 over the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.[2]

Early in its existence, Ginny dropped heavy rainfall across the Dominican Republic and the Bahamas.[11] In Florida and Georgia, Ginny produced above normal tides that caused minor damage and beach erosion.[5]^: 137 Rainfall was beneficial in South Carolina,[26] and in North Carolina, high tides caused minor flooding and destroyed one house.[27] In Massachusetts, wind gusts reached 76 mph (122 km/h) in Nantucket,[5]^: 137 and 1,000 homes lost power in Chatham.[28] Ginny was the latest hurricane on record to affect Maine during a calendar year.[29]^: 14 During its passage, the storm brought an influx of cold air that produced up to 4 ft (1.2 m) of snow in northern Maine, killing two people. Offshore, many boats were damaged or ripped from their moorings; one person died from a heart attack while trying to rescue his boat.[28] Damage from Ginny in the United States was estimated at $400,000.[5]^: 138 In Canada, high winds downed trees and caused power outages, leaving the entirety of Prince Edward Island without power.[30]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	October 25 – October 30
Peak intensity	50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 1002 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave accompanied by a large area of convection moved westward in late October.[5]^: 138 On October 25, the wave spawned a tropical depression,[2] based on ship and reconnaissance flights reports of southwest winds and heavy rainfall. Although poorly defined,[5]^: 138 the system gradually intensified and became Tropical Storm Helena. Late on October 26, Helena entered the Caribbean after passing between Dominica and Guadeloupe. The storm reached peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) on October 27. Its slow, erratic movement and failure to intensify further was due to a weak trough across the region. Early on October 28, Helena struck Antigua at the same intensity.[2] Around this time, the storm developed an intense rainband that produced winds of 58 mph (93 km/h), as measured by reconnaissance aircraft between Dominica and Guadeloupe.[5]^: 138 However, Helena re-emerged into the Atlantic and weakened to a tropical depression on October 29 and dissipated on the following day.[2]

The threat of Helena prompted the San Juan Weather Bureau to issue a hurricane watch and later gale warnings for portions of the Lesser Antilles.[31] On the Guadeloupe, the storm left 500 people homeless, killed 5 people, and seriously injured 14 others. Several boats were heavily damaged or sank. Damage was estimated at $500,000.[5]^: 138

The name Flora was later retired and replaced by Fern.[32]