Tropidia (plant)

Tropidia, commonly known as crown orchids,[2] is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen terrestrial orchids in the family Orchidaceae. They have thin, wiry stems with two or more tough, pleated leaves with a flowering spike at the top of the stem, bearing crowded flowers. Species in this genus are distributed across the warmer parts of both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

For the fly genus, see Tropidia (fly).

Crown orchids
Tropidia curculigoides - the type species
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Tropidieae
Genus: Tropidia
Lindl.[1]
Synonyms[1]

Description

Orchids in the genus Tropidia are evergreen, terrestrial, sometimes mycotrophic herbs which form small clumps. They have thin, wiry stems, sometimes with a few branches. The stems have two or more thin, tough, pleated, lance-shaped to egg-shaped leaves. Crowded white, greenish or brown, sometimes resupinate flowers are arranged on the top of the stem and have the sepals and petals free from each other, or with the lateral sepals joined and surrounding the base of the labellum. The labellum is not lobed but has a pouch or spur at its base.[2][3][4][5]

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Tropidia was first formally described in 1833 by John Lindley and the description was published in Edwards's Botanical Register.[1][6][7] The name Tropidia is derived from the Ancient Greek word tropidos or tropideion meaning "keel", referring to the boat-shaped labellum of some species in this genus.[5][4][8]

Distribution and habitat

Species in the genus Tropidium grow in deep shade in evergreen monsoon forests and are native to China, Japan, the Indian Subcontinent, Indonesia, Indochina, Philippines, New Guinea, Australia, Latin America (from Mexico to Ecuador), the West Indies, Florida, and some Pacific Islands including the Solomons, Fiji, New Caledonia, the Galápagos and Vanuatu.[2][3][4][5]

Species

The following is a list of species of Tropidia recognised by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as at October 2018:[1]

  • Tropidia acuminata Schltr. - New Guinea
  • Tropidia angulosa (Lindl.) Blume - Guangxi, Taiwan, Tibet, Yunnan, Bhutan, India, Assam, Bangladesh, Java, Sumatra, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  • Tropidia angustifolia C.L.Yeh & C.S.Leou - Taiwan
  • Tropidia bambusifolia (Thwaites) Trimen - southern India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands
  • Tropidia connata J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Sabah
  • Tropidia corymbioides Schltr. - New Guinea
  • Tropidia curculigoides Lindl. - widespread across southern China, the Himalayas, the Andaman Islands, Indochina, much of Indonesia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, and the Northern Territory of Australia
  • Tropidia disticha Schltr. - New Guinea, Solomons, Bismarcks
  • Tropidia effusa Rchb.f. - Fiji, Samoa
  • Tropidia emeishanica K.Y.Lang - Sichuan
  • Tropidia formosana Rolfe ex Hemsl.
  • Tropidia gracilis Schltr. - New Guinea
  • Tropidia hegderaoi S.Misra
  • Tropidia janowskyi J.J.Sm. - New Guinea
  • Tropidia mindanaensis Ames - Mindanao
  • Tropidia mindorensis Ames - Mindoro
  • Tropidia multiflora J.J.Sm. - Sumba
  • Tropidia multinervis Schltr. - New Guinea
  • Tropidia namasiae C.K.Liao, T.P.Lin & M.S.Tang.
  • Tropidia nipponica Masam. - Japan, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands
    • Tropidia nipponica var. hachijoensis F.Maek. & Yokota
    • Tropidia nipponica var. nipponica
  • Tropidia pedunculata Blume - widespread from the western Himalayas to New Guinea, including Indochina, Malaysia, Philippines and much of Indonesia
  • Tropidia polystachya (Sw.) Ames - Florida, Mexico, Central America, West Indies (including Bahamas and Cayman Islands), Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador (including Galápagos)
  • Tropidia ramosa J.J.Sm. - New Guinea
  • Tropidia reichenbachiana Kraenzl. - Maluku
  • Tropidia robinsonii Ames - Luzon
  • Tropidia saprophytica J.J.Sm. - Borneo
  • Tropidia schlechteriana J.J.Sm. - Maluku
  • Tropidia septemnervis (Schauer) Rchb.f. - Philippines
  • Tropidia similis Schltr. - New Guinea
  • Tropidia somae Hayata - Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, possibly Philippines
  • Tropidia territorialis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. - Northern Territory of Australia
  • Tropidia triloba J.J.Sm. - New Guinea
  • Tropidia viridifusca Kraenzl. - Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island

References
  1. "Tropidia". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 364–365. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. Chen, Xinqi; Gale, Stephen W.; Cribb, Phillip J. "Tropidia". Flora of China. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  4. Ackerman, James D. "Tropidia". Flora of North America. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  5. D.L.Jones; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010). "Tropidia". Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  6. "Tropidia". APNI. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  7. Lindley, John (1833). "Sauroglossum elatum". Edwards's Botanic Register. 19: 1618. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  8. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 661.
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