Tummalapalle uranium mine

The Tummalapalle Mine is a uranium mine in Tumalapalli village located in Kadapa of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Results from research conducted by the Atomic Energy Commission of India, in 2011, led the analysts to conclude that this mine might have one of the largest reserves of uranium in the world.[1][2]

Tummalapalle Uranium Mine
Location
Tummalapalle Uranium Mine is located in Andhra Pradesh
Tummalapalle Uranium Mine
Tummalapalle Uranium Mine
Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
Tummalapalle Uranium Mine is located in India
Tummalapalle Uranium Mine
Tummalapalle Uranium Mine
Tummalapalle Uranium Mine (India)
LocationTumalapalli, YSR Kadapa district
StateAndhra Pradesh
CountryIndia
Coordinates14°19′N 78°16′E
Production
ProductsUranium
Owner
CompanyUranium Corporation of India
Websitewww.ucil.gov.in

On 19 July 2011, Secretary of Department of Atomic Energy, Dr. S. Banerjee who is also the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India confirmed on reserves of 49,000 tonnes and suggested that there could even be three times larger the amounts which would make Tummalapalle the mine with the world's largest uranium deposits.[3][4] The estimates were subsequently increased to 85,000 tonnes in 2014.[5]

Earlier, uranium reserves were found only up to a depth of about 250 meters. The latest findings reportedly indicate that the reserves run as deep as 1,000 metres.[5]

This finding substantially increased India’s capability of producing energy from nuclear plants. As of 2018, India was producing about 3.13% of its energy from nuclear plants.[6] These findings suggest that this output can be increased to more than 30% by 2050, essential if India hopes to reduce its emissions, pollution and use of coal power. This domestic uranium find would not only boost India's nuclear energy plans but also help to reduce costs by switching from expensive sources of energy such as coal. [7]

History

On 23 Aug 2007 The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) of Government of India cleared the setting up of a uranium mine and processing plant by the Uranium Corporation of India with an estimated cost of ₹11.06 billion (US$140 million).[8] After that the Uranium Corporation of India acquired 1,122 acres (454 ha) of government land at ₹50,000 (US$630) per 1 acre (0.40 ha) and 1,118 acres (452 ha) of private land at a price of ₹180,000 (US$2,300) for 1 acre (0.40 ha) of wetland and ₹120,000 (US$1,500) for dry land in Tummalapalle, Rachakundapalle, KK Kottaland, and Mabbuchintalapalle villages in Pulivendula constituency. On 20 November 2007 the then Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy laid the foundation stone for the mine.[9] UCIL commissioned Cuddapah Uranium Phase-1 Project with 3000 tonnes on 20 April 2012.[10]

Geography

Tummalapalle uranium ore mine is located in Vemula Mandal of Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh at a distance of 70 kilometres (43 mi) from Kadapa, the district's headquarters. The area where the deposits were found is covered in Survey of India's topographic sheet Nos. 57 J/3 and 57 J/7 between latitudes 14°18'36" N & 14°20'20" N and longitudes 78°15'16" E & 78°18' 03.3" E. The nearest town is Pulivendla, which is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away (by road) towards the north-west. The mine is linked to Pulivendla through village roads leading to State Highway No.18, which connects Kadapa with Velidandla. The nearest railway station is Muddanurru on South Central Railway’s Hyderabad – Chennai BG Line, which is 50 kilometres (31 mi) towards the north-east.[11]

Water resources

The mine will draw most of its water requirements from the river Chitravathi. Design, construction and commissioning work of intake well and pump house at Chitravati River basin, the water and effluent treatment plants and the condensate recovery unit at uranium ore processing plant and laying of cross-country pipeline from the river Chitravati to the uranium ore processing plant – all these tasks were contracted by Jamshedpur Utilities & Services Company (Jusco), a 100% subsidiary company of Tata Steel, on EPC basis.[12] The water system project, the construction of which commenced in August 2008, was inaugurated by Srikumar Banerjee on 7 July 2011.[13]

Uranium purification plant

The construction works for the first phase of the uranium purification was completed in 2012 and Cuddapah Uranium Phase-1 Project was commissioned with 3000 tonnes capacity on 20 April 2012.[10] Phase one of the uranium purification plant has a capacity to treat 3,000 tonnes of ore per day. The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has developed an innovative, economically viable process for the recovery of low-grade uranium (less than 0.2%) from the Tummalapalle ore mine. As illustrated by Dr. A. K. Suri, Director of Materials Group, BARC, "the main objective of making a techno-economically viable process flow-sheet is to reduce the number of stages of unit operations and conservations leachants(sic) by regeneration and recycle(sic) leading to minimisation of fresh water inventory as well as quantum(sic) of liquid effluent discharge for the most challenging low-grade uranium ore".[14]

The hydro-metallurgical uranium purification plant which would be constructed in the mine's current lease period, will treat the dolomite based uraniferous which is found in the deposits. On the mode of operation, the Uranium Corporation of India report stated that "in the initial period of operation of mine, ore will be received from decline having particle size of 80% passing through 10 cm screen and will be transported by covered dumpers from the mine site to the ore processing plant and later by covered conveyor".[11] This mine would be the first in the country to adopt alkali based leaching in place of the conventional acid based leaching method.[15] This process was chosen on the basis of the nature of the ore found in the site. BARC has developed a well-integrated flowsheet for the process to treat the low-grade uranium ore extracted from the alkaline host rocks in Tummalapalle.[14]

Effluents from the plant caused damage to standing crops and polluted groundwater table, when Uranium waste tailing pond brimmed over in the wake of heavy rains in 2021. [16]

Minerals

The Bonds Work Index of the Tummalapalle uranium ore sample is 13.6 kWh/tonne and the mineralogical composition is as follows,[17]

Mineral % Weight
Carbonates 83.2
Quartz + feldspar 11.3
Apatite 4.3
Pyrite 0.47
Chalcopyrite 0.05
Galena Traces
Magnetite 0.15
Ilmenite + leucoxene 0.25
Iron hydroxide (goethite) 0.27
Pitchblende in association with pyrite 0.1
Total 100.0

See also

References
  1. "India: 'Massive' uranium find in Andhra Pradesh". New Delhi: BBC World News. 19 July 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  2. Ghosh, Abantika (19 July 2011). "Nuclear-boost: Uranium mine in Andhra could be among largest in world". The Times of India. Rawatbhata. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  3. P, Sunderarajan. (19 July 2011). "Tummalapalle in Telngana could have one of world's largest uranium reserves". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  4. Dutta, Ratnajyoti; Krittivas Mukherjee (19 July 2011). "Uranium find in India could be world's largest-report". New Delhi: reuters. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  5. "One lakh tonnes of uranium reserve in Andhra's Tummalapalle mine? All you need to know". www.thenewsminute.com. 20 January 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  6. "PRIS - Country Details". pris.iaea.org. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  7. Bedi, Rahul (19 July 2011). "Largest uranium reserves found in India". The Daily Telegraph. New Delhi. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  8. Special Correspondent (25 August 2007). "CCEA clears proposal for uranium plant". The Hindu. New Delhi. Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  9. Special Correspondent (20 November 2007). "'No radiation effect around Tummalapalle". The Hindu. Hyderabad. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  10. "Latest News & Dispatches on Politics, Social Issues, Economy".
  11. "Uranium project at Tummalapalle – executive summary" (PDF). Uranium Corporation of India. Retrieved 3 August 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. State Bureau (12 August 2008). "Jusco enters south through Ucil project in Andhra". The Financial Express. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  13. "Jusco inaugurates water system project of Uranium Corporation of India at Tummalapalle, Andhra Pradesh". Orissa Diary. Hyderabad. 14 July 2011. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  14. "New method to recover low-grade uranium from Tummalapalle ore". Deccan Herald. Mumbai. 1 April 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  15. "First reactor at Koodankulam to go critical by year-end: AEC Chairman". The Hindu. Chennai. 1 August 2010. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  16. "Grave risk to Kadapa villages from uranium". Deccan Chronicle. 10 June 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  17. Suri, A.K (November–December 2010). "Innovative process flowsheet for the recovery of Uranium from Tummalapalle Ore" (PDF) (317). BARC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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