Tuotilo
Tuotilo (died 27 April 915) was a Frankish monk at the Abbey of Saint Gall. He was a composer, and according to Ekkehard IV a century later, also a poet, musician, painter and sculptor.[1] Various trope melodies can be assigned to Tuotilo, but works of other mediums are attributed with less certainty. He was a student of Iso of St. Gallen and friends with the fellow monk Notker the Stammerer.[1]
Life and career
Born in Alemannic Germany,[n 1] he is said to have been a large and powerfully built man, and an excellent boxer. Always cheerful and in excellent spirits, he was a general favorite.[2] He received his education at St. Gall's, from Iso of St. Gallen and the Irishman Moengall, teachers in the monastic school.[3] He was the friend of Notker of St. Gall, with whom he studied music under Moengal. Educated at the Abbey of St. Gall, he remained to become a monk there.[1]
Tuotilo was a composer, poet, musician, painter and sculptor.[1]
According to the British librarian John W Bradley, Tuotilo was said to be "a good speaker, had a fine musical voice, was a capital carver in wood, and an accomplished illuminator. Like most of the earlier monks of St. Gall, he was a clever musician, equally skillful with the trumpet and the harp. Besides being teacher of music in the upper school to the sons of the nobility, he was a classical tutor and could preach both in Latin and Greek. His chief accomplishments, however, were music and painting, and on these his reputation mainly rests. He was much in request and by the permission of his abbot travelled to distant places. One of his celebrated sculptures was the image of the Blessed Virgin for the cathedral at Metz. In addition, he was a mathematician and astronomer, and constructed an astrolabe or orrery, which showed the courses of the planets".[2]
Works
Music
Tuotilo played several instruments, including the harp. The history of the ecclesiastical drama begins with the trope sung as Introit of the Mass on Easter Sunday. It has come down to us in a St. Gallen manuscript dating from the time of Tuotilo. According to the works catalogue of Ekkehard IV, Casus sancti Galli, Tuotilo is the author of five tropes; further research ascribed five additional tropes to him.[4] Some of them are available in modern editions.[5]
Legacy
Tuotilo was buried at a chapel dedicated to Saint Catherine in St. Gall, which was later renamed for him.[7] His feast day is celebrated on 28 March.[8] St. Tuotilo is the patron saint of speech therapists.
References
Notes
- According to his biographer, who based his account on Ekkehard IV, Tuotilo was of Alemannic origin, see Rüsch, Ernst Gerhard: Tuotilo. Mönch und Künstler. Beiträge zur Kenntnis seiner Persönlichkeit (St. Gallen, 1953)
Citations
- Planchart 2001, § para. 1.
- Bradley, John W. "Illuminated Manuscripts"
- Kampers, Franz, and Klemens Löffler: "Notker", in: The Catholic Encyclopedia vol. 11 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911). 23 May 2013
- Listed in Klaper, Michael: "Tuotilo", in: Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart (MGG2), biographical part, vol. 16, ed. Ludwig Finscher (Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2006), cc. 1120–1.
- Arlt, Wulf: "Komponieren im Galluskloster um 900. Tuotilos Tropen 'Hodie cantandus est' zur Weihnacht und 'Quoniam dominus Iesus Christus' zum Fest des Iohannes evangelista", in: Schweizerisches Jahrbuch für Musikwissenschaft, Neue Folge, vol. 15 (1995), pp. 41–70.
- Mellby, Julie L.: "S. Gallus panem porrigit urso", in: Graphic Arts (Princeton University Library), 22 May 2012
- Dohme, Robert (1877). Kunst und Künstler des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit: Abth. Kunst und Künstler Deutschlands und der Niederlande bis gegen die Mitte des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts. 1.-2. Bd. 1877-78 (in German). E. A. Seemann.
- "St. Tutilo". Catholic.net. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
Sources
- Planchart, Alejandro Enrique (2001). "Tuotilo". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.28589. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
Further reading
- Eggenberger, Christoph (1985). "Ein malerisches Werk Tuotilos? Die St. Galler Psalterillustration der Karolingerzeit" [A painting by Tuotilo? The St. Gallen Psalter illustration of the Carolingian period]. Unsere Kunstdenkmaler (in German). 36: 243–251.
- Rankin, Susan (1991). "Notker und Tuotilo: schöpferische Gestalter in einer neuen Zeit" [Notker and Tuotilo: creative designers in a new era]. Schweizer Jb für Musikwissenschaft (in German). 11: 17–42.
- Rankin, Susan (1993). "From Tuotilo to the First Manuscripts: the Shaping of a Trope Repertory at Saint Gall". In Arlt, Wulf; Björkvall, Gunilla (eds.). Recherches nouvelles sur les tropes liturgiques: Corpus troporum [New research on liturgical tropes: Corpus troporum]. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. pp. 395–413. ISBN 978-91-22-01571-0.
